The outcome of the current multilateral trade negotiations in the Doha Round will have large implications on international fish trade. The author highlights the most likely scenarios in areas such as market access and fisheries subsidies, and outlines the very diverse interests and negotiation positions of WTO members.
Seafood inspection and certification has become a trend on international trade. Recent incidences of chemical residues were examined in exporting seafood products which hinder the future export to the European Union and Japan particularly. Hence, the perceptions of seafood quality and safety from a consumer point of view and international...
Resource rentals can be viewed as taxes on scarcity rents or as fees for access to use or utilize the
resource. The Icelandic Fishery Management Act requires that vessel owners pay a Catch fee
(Veiðigjald). This paper discusses how the Catch fee is defined by the Fishery Management Act.
Secondly...
European eel (Anguilla anguilla) is one of the most important commercial species in France (eel larvae (glass eel) exports to Asia valuing more than 60 million euros in 2005) but also an endangered species with regard to the dropping recruitment. This species is particularly sensitive to oceanographic and climatic factors...
To the surprise of government as well as NGOs, village-level caste organizations - or panchayats - played a significant role in the post-tsunami relief effort to fishermen in Tamil Nadu, India. This paper discusses the pro-active role of caste panchayats in relief from the perspective of social resilience, that is...
The activity of commercial whaling is contentious, drawing the ire of animal rights and conservation groups who threaten boycotts of whaling nations' products. Whaling also has opportunity costs: in addition to existence value, whales provide nonextractive use values, i.e. whale watching. On the other hand, proponents of whaling argue many...
An intensive case study was undertaken at the farm fisheries from during wet months under NAZ of Indian subtropics for characterization and integrated utilization of Tal wetland ecosystem through pisciculture [Live (magur - Clarias batrachus & singi - Heteropneustes fossilis) and sweet water fishes (rohu - Labeo rohita & Katla...
Recent research has warned that liberalising trade in capture fishery products originating from inefficient managed fisheries might cause over-exploitation, reduced fish stocks and thereby reduced steady state welfare. This paper qualifies the warning in a case study of the East Baltic cod market by introducing a quantitative supply model of...
Quota management systems (QMS) provide faith-based incentives for individual quota holders to conserve the resource voluntarily; quota holders expect the system to work and to be enforced and their expectations are usually realized despite imperfect incentives and significant enforcement burdens. Even with QMS there is never an individual incentive to...
Maximizing profit and value added are central objectives when fishing rights are distributed. Financial profitability on a company level traditionally measures the return on total assets. Value added on the national level is the net (or gross) national product, and is the total profit of investments and wages and salaries...
La pêche côtière au Maroc a connu un essor remarquable ces dernières décennies, poussant là où les ports se créent et se développent sur la côte atlantique. D'abord concentrée a proximité du port de SAF où les débarquements ne dépassaient pas 60.000 tonnes dans les années quarante, l'activité de la...
This paper describes a desk study of small pelagic utilization in Asia. Drawing on regional data and country case studies - it seeks to chart significant trends in the sector and identify issues for further research. Possible responses to under-utilization include increasing fishing intensity, exploitation of under/unexploited stocks reduction in...
La lagune de Nador se caractérise par un écosystème semi-fermé, en communication avec la mer par une étroite passe. Cet écosystème est sous l'influence de plusieurs facteurs externes tels que l'ensoleillement, l'apport en eau douce, les eaux de ruissellement, le lessivage des champs agricoles et les eaux usées urbaines. L'influence...
Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated (IUU) fishing activities are a threat for both the marine environment and society. By undermining effective management systems, IUU fishing activities not only generate harmful effects on economic and social welfare, but also reduce the incentives to comply with rules. The issue of IUU fishing has...
In the institutional framework of fishery management in Japan, which can be seen as a Co-Management system, fishermen's agreements are prerequisites for implementation of resource management measures. However, because of uncertainties in the effect of management measures, fishermen's agreements are difficult to obtain. This study applied a decision-making method under...
The development of several sub-fields of general economics, including those of bounded rationality, institutional economics and the evolutionary economics, has expanded the scope and intensity of the dialogue both within economics, as well as between economists and other scientists. One of the more important preoccupations of early evolutionary economics was...
Britain has traditionally tried to protect its livestock, fish and shellfish production industries from many serious diseases by restricting imports of live animals- fish and shellfish to those from countries free of specified important diseases affecting particular classes of stock. Although the primary aim of the European Union has been...
Le projet «système d’information géographique pour les pêcheries en Afrique de l’Ouest » a pour objectif de promouvoir l’utilisation des systèmes d’information géographique comme outil d’aide à la décision en matière d’aménagement des pêcheries. Un rappel préliminaire des critères caractérisant un produit d’aide à la décision (accessibilité technique, disponibilité en...
La pêcherie martiniquaise se trouve aujourd'hui dans une situation paradoxale : d'un côte elle se veut résolument moderne de par 1) les embarcations et des outils de production de plus en plus sophistiqués (coques rapides sur-motorisées, GPS, etc.) que les pêcheurs acquièrent a grands frais; de l'autre, elle reste séculaire...
NOAA’s National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) was a key participant in the FAO technical and policy-level consultations of 1991-1999 that led to the FAO International Plan of Action for the Management of Fishing Capacity. The U.S. Plan of Action includes a commitment to prepare regular assessments of overcapacity in federally-managed...
A debate about the level of organic contaminants in farmed salmon relative to wild salmon was started with an article published the journal Science in January 2004. Concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and other contaminants were found to be significantly higher in farmed salmon than in wild salmon. Moreover, European-raised...
As the British Columbia salmon fishery developed, the Canadian government, with constitutional responsibility for the resource, faced a number of critical turning points in management policy. In early years, partly for expediency, the allocation of fishing privileges often resulted in efficient levels of effort but little attempt was made to...
This study analyzes the main factors that affected seasonal variation of fresh tuna price through a statistical approach. The study concludes that seasonal variation in the volume of landings by Hawaii-based vessels is the predominant factor affecting seasonal variation in price for most of the tuna, but that price variation...
The paper outlines theoretical and empirical alternatives to mismatched management structures and uses institutional analysis to examine possible solutions to conflicts in fisheries resource governance arrangements in post-war Sierra Leone. The country was plunged in a bitter civil war (1991-2001) that culminated into a collapsed state. Over-centralisation of the state...
Les échanges économiques entre le Reste du monde et le Gabon se déroulent dans un contexte de changements rapides et permanents (mutations des structures économiques, du rôle des acteurs, des croyances..,). Le choix entre les modes de coordination des activités sociales (Types de marchés- modes d'organisation, processus de décisions )...
The Traditional Management of Artisanal Fisheries in North East Nigeria project (TMAF) has been funded by British Overseas Development Administration (ODA) to investigate the possibilities for designing a more effective management system for fisheries of the Sub-Saharan Savanna region using a community-based approach. The need for a new approach is...
In recent years, considerable attention has been given to the effects of removing trade restrictions on natural resource utilization and on poverty, especially in developing countries. Our paper adds to the growing body of conceptual work to show conditions under which a developing country that, in isolation, is unable to...
Using a general equilibrium model that has a resource (fisheries) sector and that incorporates subsistence consumption into consumer preferences, we examine the costs and benefits of participating in international trade. In some cases income transfers may permit potential, but otherwise unachievable, gains from trade to occur.
Thailand has been one of the most important fish exporting country, in spite of the degradation in her marine resources. Small scale fisheries accounted for more than 80 percent of the total marine fisheries households in this country. Fisheries had been considered the important source of food, income, employment and...
Salmon is one of the most successful aquaculture species measured in produced quantity and growth. The industry is highly export oriented, and creation of new markets has been instrumental for the industry's success. However, the rapid transformation of the markets due to the increased production has also led to a...
Traditional economic theory states that liberalising trade and moving to freer trade in conventional goods improves global welfare, as well as improving welfare in small countries. It also states that large countries only through the active use of their trade policies can maximise their welfare. However, these results are modified...
The concept of sustainable fisheries development has been socialized since the last decades by the Indonesian government. However, this concept has not been implemented in any fisheries aspects especially for the coastal fisheries, which have received a high pressure from fishing activities, industrial pollutions, household sewage, etc. Trammel net is...
Traditionally, fish has been considered as an item for direct or indirect human use (food, fertilizer, fishmeal and so on). Recently increasing number of studies on anadromous salmon in North America and Japan, however, suggest that fish could also support biodiversity. Marine-derived nutrients (MDN) are important contributors to maintain or...
Fisheries management has been carried out on the assumption that a fish population is in equilibrium with the fishing effort under the average environmental conditions and hence there must be a maximum sustainable yield (MSY). However, since the simultaneous rise and fall of the interdecadal and global scale of sardine...
The sandfish catch in the coastal waters off Akita Prefecture has fluctuated largely over the last 40 years. It began to decrease in the middle 1970s, and in 1991 it heavily depleted by 70 tons, which corresponds to less than 1% of the catch in the 1960s. The Fisheries Cooperative...
The paper analyses the annual accounts for the period 1990-94 of a sample of approximately 100 fishing firms operating out of ports in Schleywig-Holstein and exploiting finfish stocks in the North Sea and Baltic, and shrimp stocks in the North Sea. Detailed information is provided on costs and returns by...
It is generally recognised that market-based instruments have a strong role to play in improving the efficiency of fisheries management. This belief was strongly reinforced at the 2002 IIFET Conference, where the use of ITQ systems was extensively discussed. While ITQ systems are commonly referred to as “rights-based management” (RBM),...
Multiobjective decision analysis (MDA) is a useful assessment method when fishery managers need a systematic investigation of the trade-offs involved in the selection of alternative policy options. An important class of techniques within MDA is vector optimization, consisting of mathematical programming models with vector valued objective functions. From the management...
In this paper, we study the short run price dynamics of imported fresh, farmed Atlantic and Pacific salmon on US regional markets. An Error Correction framework is used to specify a short run model. The results show a substitute relationship among the different salmon species in that an adjustment process...
Canned tuna is a typical international Agribusiness-based product. The most representative flow of the product is such that the tuna is processed in a firm in the developing country of the tropical area where the canned material, namely tuna and skipjack, is caught and landed. Canned products furnish standardized features...
Organizers convened an international workshop to address training necessary to produce effective managers for 21st century fisheries. The workshop involved government, industry, academic, and nongovernmental organization (NGO) leaders from Oceania, North America, and Europe. They addressed vision and management challenges of 21st century fisheries; requisite skills and knowledge; current training...
This paper explores the reasons why the ties between harvesting and processing have been severed in the
Icelandic fisheries in recent decades, and traces the role played by better transport, the emergence of
domestic wet-fish markets, and the introduction of freezing trawlers, as well as other factors in this
development....
Japan is the number 1 country in the world in terms of tuna harvest[1]. For example, it started from about 294,961 tons in 1975, then reached its peak at 371,103 tons in 1985. Although the harvest declined since 1985, it bounced back for the recent years and reached 343,611 tons...
Seafood consumption has been traditionally very important in Spain (about 36.5 kg per capita
consumed in 2003). Hake (merluza) is the main fish species consumed in quantity and value
terms in Spain. But commercialised as hake can be found several fish species and presentations.
When many papers focus on product...
The Southeast U.S. shrimp harvesting sector is one component of the shrimp industry that has generally been unable to make the adjustments needed in response to the growing import base and the resulting supression in prices. Not unexpectedly, therefore, requests for relief from the perceived problems associated with increasing imports...
The French Norway lobster (Nephrops norvegicus) fishery situated in the Biscay Bay is composed by about 250 costal trawlers. These boats are registered in harbours located in South Brittany (Le Guilvinec, Lorient, Concarneau) and in the Vendée (Sables d'Olonnes, La Cotinière). The main particularity of the fishery is that lobsters...
In 1996 the 1 billion US dollar Norwegian salmon industry was accused for dumping and for having received subsidies in the infant phase of the industry build-up. The accusations were initiated by the Scottish and Irish salmon industry, which regard the Norwegian suppliers as aggressive competitors in their home market....
These three case studies of local fishery policy in Japan examine common causes of a successful fishery policy. This study tries to seek answer on "How did successful cases on Japanese local fishery policy succeed?" To find answer to this question, this study analyzed the relationship and the role of...
The world aquaculture industry is expanding its output but at the same time it is generating concerns about environmental sustainability. It is often heavily concentrated in coastal areas where there is strong competition for space and water resources and where it has been associated with externalities such as habitat destruction...
The nations of the world confront complex challenges in managing fisheries resources in the 21st century. While attention focuses on the need for new institutional ideas, designing and implementing effect governance may be imperiled by inadequate investment in the human capital needed to lead, innovate, and manage. Economics, which integrates...
The long-range objective of an aquaculture extension system is to help the rural fish farmers to reduce their desperate state of poverty through augmenting fish production. The study was conducted to understand the present situation of fisheries extension and to make a policy recommendations for the development of fisheries extension...
This paper relates fish market and product development to consumer habits, perceptions, income, and other socio-economic factors through descriptive statistics and logic model analysis. The study collects and analyzes information needed for guiding public and private decisions in domestic fish market development. A 1994 survey interviewed a sample of 130...
Over the past 20 years, the demand for fish has changed markedly. The species prevalent in the consumption mix has altered to reflect the greater availability of farmed species such as salmon, and the decline in some of the more common marine-caught demersal species such as cod. This paper examines...
The report is an analysis of the resource rent in the Swedish fishery, produced as a contribution to the new strategic plan for the Swedish fishery in the years 2007-2013 according to the draft EU regulation for the EFF (European Fishery Fund). A model has been produced based on linear...
Poverty reduction and food security are key development concerns articulated through Poverty Reduction Strategy Papers (PRSPs). This paper examines the fisheries sector's participation in these strategies. Adapting Oksanen and Mersmann's (2002) methodology for assessing the status of forestry in Sub-Saharan Africa, we evaluate the fisheries sector's representation in twenty-nine African...
Quotas rather than landing fees are widely used for reducing the output of fisheries below open-access levels. One reason may be that quotas are perceived as a more reliable instrument for controlling total catch. However, whilst under certainty fees and quotas can be set each season to achieve the same...
Fishmeal is a critically important feed ingredient for use in animal (e.g., poultry and pork) and
aquaculture production (e.g., salmon, trout, and shrimp). There is concern that demand for fishmeal may
place additional stress on the world’s pelagic fisheries and may undermine the sustainability of some
aquaculture systems that rely...
The purpose of this study is to discuss, develop and test the relationship among perceived quality
performance, consumer satisfaction and two different format of loyalty toward seafood. We frame our discussion
with the purpose of drawing together streams from the quality-satisfaction research, loyalty literature, attitude
research and from research on...
Several factors contribute to the productivity of nations' fisheries: (1) The biophysical conditions that determine the abundance of fish stocks, (2) government regulation of fisheries, and (3) innovation and adoption of (i.e. investments in) new fishing technologies. This paper analyzes the long-run productivity performance of three Nordic countries Iceland, Norway...
The Training Department of the Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center has completed a wide range of experimental fishing trials on the use of Juvenile and Trash Excluder Devices (JTEDs) over recent years. These trials have investigated the effectiveness of the rigid sorting grid, rectangular window and semi-curved window JTEDs in...
Fisheries co-management is now well-established in the literature as a fisheries governance approach (e.g., Wilson et al, 2003; Hanna, 2003; Pomeroy et al, 2001). While co-management regimes have historically developed from the amalgamation of traditional community management with government authority (e.g., Acheson, 2003; Makino, 2005) However, another key insight is...
The sinking of the oil tanker the Prestige in November 2002 off the coast of Galicia in Spain had an
important social, environmental and economic impact. The aim of this paper is to carry out an initial
analysis of the costs relating to a halt in the activity of an...
This paper is based on work that the authors have carried out on EU financed projects in the South Western Indian
Ocean (SWIO) in collaboration with the Indian Ocean Tuna Commission and the Indian Ocean Commission (IOC)¹ on a range of fisheries management issue including, stock assessment, tagging and monitoring,...
Why are fisheries policies so hard to reform? While there are many examples of successful policy reform in the sector, these tend to be restricted to a few countries or individual fisheries. There remains significant scope for further reform to address pressing economic, environmental and social issues in the sector....
Annual recruitment of the New Zealand longfin eel (Anguilla dieffenbachii) has decreased by around 75 percent since heavy levels of commercial fishing began in the early 1970s. Given the unsustainability of existing regulatory policy, a deterministic multiple-cohort bioeconomic model is developed and applied to this system to gain insight into...
In many estuarine and ocean areas, aquaculture is seen as an alternative to traditional commercial fish harvesting practices. A significant problem hindering the emergence or the continuing growth of aquaculture in many areas is the conflict that arises among it and other competing ocean uses. Real world examples include the...
Le futur du secteur de la pèche en Andalousie doit être analyse dans le contexte d'une stratégie de développement régional liée a une économie de plus en plus mondialisée. L'union européenne, d'où l’Andalousie fait partie, veut-elle être productrice de poisson, ou bien, exclusivement une commerçante des produits pécheurs? la question...
In the Philippines as elsewhere in Asia, working children in the fisheries sector is pervasive yet tends to be invisible. Their exclusion in the fisheries development equation is perpetrated by public ignorance and apathy. Aimed at increasing public awareness and understanding of this phenomenon, this study on the girl- and...
Under the new Law of the Sea, the definition of exclusive zones was considered an important first step towards improved management of the world's fisheries. However, one of the limits to the effectiveness of extended Jurisdictions was the problem of transboundary fish stocks. This question recently appeared at the centre...
The Japanese system of local management has been heralded as a successful system for managing coastal resources. Despite such general success, however, fishing cooperatives and their respective members currently face internal and external pressures from over-fishing, pollution, and life in an industrialized society. Further, the Japanese government has pushed for...
The relatively new aquaculture industry of sea bream and sea bass has grown rapidly in Mediterranean
countries over the past decade. Greece is the leading production country and Spain is becoming the major
market for the two species.
Despite the importance of the industry, in that it contributes to the...
Le future du secteur de la pêche en Andalousie doit être analysé dans le contexte d'une stratégie de développement régional liée a une économie de plus en plus mondialisée.
l'union européenne, d'où l'Andalousie en fait partie, veut-elle être productrice de poisson, ou bien, exclusivement une commerçante des produits pêcheurs? la...
Waterways that are used for boating (both for recreation and commercial fishing) are increasingly being constrained out of concern for boater safety, the habitat and habitat-dependent stocks and wildlife. In Southwest Florida, a primary species of concern is the West Indian manatee, which is currently listed as an endangered species....
This paper presents the findings of a field survey carried out within small scale fishing communities on the island of Zanzibar in 2004. The study was designed to assess the impact of the Menai Bay marine protected area on the livelihoods of fishing households located within its boundaries using the...
The basic hypothesis underlying this paper is that the amount of fishing that a fisher undertakes over a year is not determined solely by circumstances which are exogenous to the fisher, such as weather conditions and resource availability, but are the subject of individual choice. As such, the decision can...
The global trade in both fish commodities and fisheries services has expanded significantly in the past 10 years. FAO estimates that the current value of the international trade in fish commodities is over US $80 billion per year (fish is the most valuable traded agricultural commodity). Fisheries services are less...
Game and experimental theorists have specified the conditions under which different auction systems may lead to distinct price levels. By changing the sales organisation, the introduction of electronic auction systems on first-hand fish markets is expected to have modified bidders' habits, hence affecting the price levels. A demand model based...
The community based for the fisheries resources management project (CO-FISH-Project) in Bengkalis is a coastal development project to improve the living standard of coastal community in this region. Over all project activities including resources and ecology assessments, social economy assessment, establishment of suitable fisheries resources management, community based fisheries resources...
The concept of an ecosystem approach to fisheries management (EAF) is reaching a point of general acceptance by those involved in fisheries. There is also growing agreement that fisheries management must incorporate the complicated and often not-well-understood links between human activities and the environment. As a primary goal of an...
The British Columbia Seafood industry has witnessed fundamental and unprecedented changes to its business environment since the early 1990's. These changes include worldwide phenomena such as changes in consumer tastes and world economies, globalization, the growth of aquaculture, the growing and influential environmental movement, and the need for greater traceability...
Community quota schemes (CQS) have been introduced in some UK fishery dependent areas in an attempt to address the detrimental effects of the current market based approach to quota management. The most established and largest scheme operates in the Shetland Isles, where there was concern quota holdings could be traded...
Historically, the fishery has been the mainstay of the Newfoundland economy. Inevitably, its importance declined as
economic development proceeded, but was still quite substantial at the time of Confederation with Canada in 1949.
Since then, however, the census figures show a precipitous decline in the role of the fishery in...
The Fishermen Guilds in Spain (Cofradias) have around one thousand year tradition. They play a central role in the control of the fishing rights in special in the context of coastal fisheries. The paper examines the mechanisms to establish property rights, the quality of these rights and the cost and...
Combating illegal fishing is one of the major difficulties the International Law of the Sea faces. The European Community is aware of this problem and has taken some measures to fight against illegal fishing, amongst which there are those related to the effective exercise of jurisdiction and control of the...
In this paper we use stock size, harvest quantity and fishing effort, respectively, as strategic variables. We model a two agent (nations) non-cooperative fishery game, where the agents harvest a common fish stock. The planning horizon is infinite. The model is solved successively using one instrument at a time as...
The fish markets in Finland were formerly protected from international competition. The markets were gradually
opened to free competition in the 1990s due to the EEA agreement and EU membership. As a consequence, the importation of fresh salmon from Norway rapidly increased, and imported salmon captured the markets from domestic...
At a hearing about the Green Paper (an analysis of the EU fisheries policy over the last 10 years and an outlook for the next decade) the following statement was given by an economist: „The Ecosystem Approach is the fata morgana of the fisheries biologists.“ Indeed, a lot of biologists...
The inclusion of ecosystem considerations in fisheries management implies two changes with extensive institutional repercussions: the uncertainties about states and outcomes rise dramatically and a multiplicity of new stakeholders, interests and objectives must be accommodated in the management institutions. The first change may potentially add immense costs to the management...
The small to medium-scale tuna longline industry targets the fresh chilled sashimi markets. This fishery is seen as the major avenue for the development of the domestic tuna industry in the Pacific Islands. The capital and technology requirements for the longline industry are relatively less compared to the purse seine...
Gear technologists have, in recent years, developed rigid sorting grids, Sort-X, in bottom trawls, to improve the size selectivity of this type of gear. Experiments with the Sort-X system in the aft sections of trawls were carried out aboard Norwegian and Russian trawlers along the coast of Northern Norway and...
On the morning of 29 August 2005, Southeast Louisiana was decimated by the winds and flood surge associated with Hurricane Katrina. Shortly thereafter, Hurricane Rita played havoc on the Southwestern part of the state. Louisiana's commercial seafood industry, already on the decline for a number of reasons, including declining output...
The economic results of fishing harbours are a key issue for the sustainability of coastal economies. To deal with it, three harbour branches need to be analysed : the suppliers of goods and services, the fishing companies and the trading actors. The compatible state with constraints, various interactions and behaviours...