The security of world fish supply from wild fisheries and from aquaculture is an increasing concern due to dwindling yields from wild catch and undesirable ecological impacts of aquaculture. The extent to which aquaculture can substitute for fish from wild catch will depend on the productivity of aquaculture, which in...
In 1976 global exports for fish and fisheries products was approximately $8 billion. In 2000,
global exports exceeded $55 billion. The period between 1985 and 1995 witnessed the tripling
of global fisheries exports. This represents more than half of total value of global fisheries
production. Developing countries began to increase...
The harvesting strategies in open access marine fishery and marketing patterns of marine products have
undergone rapid structural changes in the post liberalisation era of the Indian Economy. There is a
continuous increase in demand and price of the fish both in domestic and export markets and the thrust on...
This study addresses the matter of logistic improvement of live food fish trade by economic analyses of pertinent information provided by the live fish traders in 2004 on three species of live fish: sand goby, sea bass, and grouper. The analyses take into consideration the logistics cost, break-even point, market...
The sinking of the oil tanker the Prestige in November 2002 off the coast of Galicia in Spain had an
important social, environmental and economic impact. The aim of this paper is to carry out an initial
analysis of the costs relating to a halt in the activity of an...
The optimal harvesting time in a fish farm is analyzed in the paper. Fish population is assumed to be heterogeneous with respect to weight, so a distributed parameter dynamic model is considered. Theoretical and numerical results are obtained and compared with the ones concerning homogeneous fish cultures only. The results...
Key decision variables in aquaculture management are stocking level, feeding schedule, temperature
control and batch length. In many management problems with an infinite planning horizon, the aim is to
find the batch length which results in maximum return if the same batch length applies to all future
batches. This may...
Fishmeal is a critically important feed ingredient for use in animal (e.g., poultry and pork) and
aquaculture production (e.g., salmon, trout, and shrimp). There is concern that demand for fishmeal may
place additional stress on the world’s pelagic fisheries and may undermine the sustainability of some
aquaculture systems that rely...
Non-radial measure of technical efficiency of fish farms in Oyo State was examined using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). Use of the non-radial measures to calculate overuse of inputs by inefficient fish farmers was demonstrated and the potential for reducing inputs used by improving efficiency was evaluated. Ordinary Least Square (OLS)...
The world’s output of farmed fish has grown steadily over the past two decades or so. Most
notably in the UK, since the mid 1980’s, a rapid increase in farmed salmon production has taken
place. Given that many of the world’s oceans are overfished, many see aquaculture as a method...
Freshwater fish species and Baltic salmon are important to small-scale fisheries in Finland and Sweden.
The formerly local markets for these species have expanded as the food trade has been opened up
to international competition. In this study we use cointegration analysis to test the spatial integration of
freshwater fish...
After 1950 traditional herring fisheries were revolutionized by a new technique: sonar, power block, larger
nets and bigger boats. As a result all major herring stocks in the North East Atlantic Ocean collapsed. The
most dramatic decline was that of the Atlanto-Scandian stock between Iceland and Norway from millions
of...
If a scientist can predict the weather (poorly)
Why cannot he predict fish yields (yet more poorly)? – a clerihew by Chris Corkett.
Recent long term historical studies of commercial fisheries have pointed to a well established pattern of overfishing. Under the principle of transference – what is true in...
This study analyses seafood consumption at home in Spain using three different cross sections (1980,
1990, and 1998). Price indices for seafood and other items are calculated for each household. The
empirical analyses consists of the estimation of double hurdle models of seafood consumption for each
survey, separately. Socio-economic variables...
The purpose of this study is to discuss, develop and test the relationship among perceived quality
performance, consumer satisfaction and two different format of loyalty toward seafood. We frame our discussion
with the purpose of drawing together streams from the quality-satisfaction research, loyalty literature, attitude
research and from research on...
This paper considers the implications of the sustainability agenda for seafood processors
in the UK. A systems approach, using the value chain system as the conceptual
framework, is adopted to capture the multifaceted and often subjective nature of
‘sustainability’ and accommodate the changing nature of competitive advantage. It is
concluded...
Linear approximate almost ideal demand system was employed to estimate demand for Thai frozen shrimp in the United States of America, the main importing country for Thai frozen shrimp. Import demands for the same products from Bangladesh, China, Ecuador, India, Indonesia, Mexico, and Vietnam were simultaneously estimated to compare with...
Tilapia exports to the US have been claimed to double in the last three years following the two bans on
Vietnamese catfish imports in November 2001 and June 2003. The aim of these bans was to restrict
imports from the major exporter of Catfish (Vietnam) reducing competition for US catfish...
In 2004, United States (U.S.) shrimp landings comprised 11% of shrimp available to the domestic market. Asian and
South America shrimp imports to the U.S. began reaching record levels in 2001, following European Union tariffs
on Asian shrimp. The increased import supply resulted in drastic decline of ex-vessel and wholesale...
In the world, Japan has a special place in the fish consumption, as Japanese people are among the most important consumers of aquatic food products, and Japan ranks first as fish importer, for supplying about half of its market. Thus the changes in the Japanese seafood market are susceptible to...
In the context of the restriction of production, French agriculture modifies its activities by developing multifunctionality. This concept translates the fact that, beyond the saleable production of agricultural and food processing products, the agricultural activity fulfills other functions: economic, social, environmental. Multifunctionality of agriculture is implemented in a number of...
The Virginia Fishery Resource Grant Program funded a two year grow-out trial to assess the
feasibility and economic activity associated with proposed introduction of non-native oysters in
Virginia's Chesapeake Bay waters. This paper summarizes the results of the trials which were
conducted to address two main objectives: determine the economic...
Historically, the fishery has been the mainstay of the Newfoundland economy. Inevitably, its importance declined as
economic development proceeded, but was still quite substantial at the time of Confederation with Canada in 1949.
Since then, however, the census figures show a precipitous decline in the role of the fishery in...
When dealing with time, a fishery manager faces a major difficulty. On an N-period time horizon, should he follow
several short-run objectives for every n sub-period, or should he consider only the long-run objective? If a European
manager trying to implement a stock recovery plan prefers to achieve the long-run...
By using harvest data for a North East Arctic Cod Fishery in the Barents Sea for the years 1971-1985 a monthly and
daily dimensional harvest function is estimated. The seasonal factors are investigated using dummy variables. The
results indicate that the seasonality is embodied in the catch ability coefficient of...
We study the combined effects of periodically varying carrying capacity and survival rates on the fish population in the ocean (sea). We introduce a new delay differential equation model with a control parameter which describes how fish are harvested.
We consider a predation function as the function of the delayed...
This study investigates the adjustment process of labor in the fishing industry of the Spanish regions
(Autonomous Communities). The analysis is based on a dynamic model applied to a panel of the 10
coastal regions in Spain for the period covering 1965 to 2001. A translog labor demand equation is...
A central objective for UK Department for International Development (DFID) funded research on
renewable natural resource systems has been that the research commissioned results in significant positive
developmental impacts. This paper describes the outcomes of activities employed by the DFID funded
Fisheries Management Science Programme to assess the developmental impact...
Many Fraser River sockeye salmon stocks show large cycles in abundance from year to year, but the causes of these
cycles are not clear. As a result, these stocks have historically been managed under the hypothesis of cyclic dominance,
i.e., maintaining the cyclic behaviour of the stocks. Biological studies and...
The report is an analysis of the resource rent in the Swedish fishery, produced as a contribution to the new strategic plan for the Swedish fishery in the years 2007-2013 according to the draft EU regulation for the EFF (European Fishery Fund). A model has been produced based on linear...
This paper presents the findings of a field survey carried out within small scale fishing communities on the island of Zanzibar in 2004. The study was designed to assess the impact of the Menai Bay marine protected area on the livelihoods of fishing households located within its boundaries using the...
A debate about the level of organic contaminants in farmed salmon relative to wild salmon was started with an article published the journal Science in January 2004. Concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and other contaminants were found to be significantly higher in farmed salmon than in wild salmon. Moreover, European-raised...
This paper analyses the effect of adopting certain policies of internalising environmental costs on the optimal management of farms. In particular, the optimal harvesting time is analysed once these policies have been implemented. Fish growth and contamination diffusion are represented by means of dynamic stochastic models, including the uncertainty inherent...
The purpose of this research is to model and measure shadow prices for quota that are not only vessel-specific but also conditioned upon the fisher's own quota holdings and individual circumstances regarding fishing effort. Shadow prices reflect the scarcity value of quota to each particular fisher and can be used...
The optimal management of many common pool resources (CPRs) requires the establishment of optimal aggregate extraction rates as well as the spatial distribution of those extraction rates. The importance of these two components is readily evident in fisheries management where the spatial behavior of other agents often affects another agent's...
It is widely believed that there have been significant levels of cod landed from the North Sea over and
above permitted quota levels in recent years as the TAC and quota system of the Common Fisheries
Policy has squeezed the fishing opportunities of EU fleets in an attempt to conserve...
The development of empirical models and analysis of retailers' conduct as sellers have received the greatest attention by economists. However, the development of empirical models and analysis of retailers' role as buyers have received considerably less attention. Analysing retailers' buying power is equally important in food industries where high concentration...
Many futures contracts for food commodities have been introduced; however, most of them have been withdrawn from the market due to poor liquidity. In this paper, various known success factors for futures contracts with regards to a proposed futures contract for salmon are discussed. Based on the various criteria from...
In India, while West Bengal has been the largest consumer of fish due to typical fish eating population. Due to many
constraints regarding production of fish it has not been the largest one. But it has been the largest producer of fish
seed and seedlings as compared to other Sates...
This paper presents the interim results of an ongoing research project funded by the 'Research Councils
UK' Rural Economy Land Use programme. The project has a multi-disciplinary perspective on the
potential production and marketing of tilapia as a niche product under a diversification strategy for UK
arable and dairy farmers;...
In this paper, a new test for causality in demand on markets supplied by both farmed and captured fish is
presented. This method is applied on markets for trout and potential substitutes imported to Germany, to
identify market delineation and causality in demand. It is found that markets for small...
The relatively new aquaculture industry of sea bream and sea bass has grown rapidly in Mediterranean
countries over the past decade. Greece is the leading production country and Spain is becoming the major
market for the two species.
Despite the importance of the industry, in that it contributes to the...
Environmental events such as tropical storms, hurricanes, and harmful algal blooms (HABs) have the potential to disrupt the commercial production and supply of certain marine species. In Florida, the red-pigmented dinoflagellate Karenia brevis (a particular type of naturally occurring HAB) has contaminated molluscan shellfish beds resulting in periodic fishery closures....
Fisheries co-management is the institutional model of choice to maintain and rebuild fishery resources in
the small-scale sector. This paper argues that the transfer of regulatory and property rights from the
central state to multi-stakeholder bodies, including resource users, and local government, can only achieve
sectoral efficiency goals - such...
The New Zealand Ministry of Fisheries has initiated development of fishery plans driven by management objectives. Ministry, industry and stakeholder processes will determine the management and resource needs to support sustainable fisheries. Simultaneously, the Ministry is identifying sustainable harvest strategies that will specify the resource monitoring and necessary stock assessment...
Several factors contribute to the productivity of nations' fisheries: (1) The biophysical conditions that determine the abundance of fish stocks, (2) government regulation of fisheries, and (3) innovation and adoption of (i.e. investments in) new fishing technologies. This paper analyzes the long-run productivity performance of three Nordic countries Iceland, Norway...
In this paper, a dynamic model of fishermen’s compliance is developed and used to analyse
several issues. There are two parties involved in the fishery; the regulator and the fishermen.
Regulator takes on a long term view and sets quota at the beginning of every period in order
to maximise...
Lake Victoria is the worlds' second largest and Africa's largest fresh water body and shared by Kenya, Uganda and Tanzania. The Nile perch was introduced to Lake Victoria in the 1950s and experienced explosive population growth in the 1970s. Since the 1990s landings have been above or about 500 000...
The paper presents the impact of trade-linked policies on the management of fisheries in West Africa. It raises issues
of national policies regarding fishery development but also the consequences of the ACP-EU cooperation and WTO
stakes.
Exploited throughout the marine and estuarian zones of West Africa, halieutic resources, in the...
The paper outlines theoretical and empirical alternatives to mismatched management structures and uses institutional analysis to examine possible solutions to conflicts in fisheries resource governance arrangements in post-war Sierra Leone. The country was plunged in a bitter civil war (1991-2001) that culminated into a collapsed state. Over-centralisation of the state...
The global trade in both fish commodities and fisheries services has expanded significantly in the past 10 years. FAO estimates that the current value of the international trade in fish commodities is over US $80 billion per year (fish is the most valuable traded agricultural commodity). Fisheries services are less...
A discrete-time bioeconomic model of two stocks is presented, where one of these two stocks can be partially protected by a reserve or some other hindrance to harvesting. The interaction between the two stocks is geographic, in the sense that the protected stock can migrate out of the reserve and...
In recent years there have been increasing concerns that fishing activities might degrade the ability of the environment to support the long-term biological productivity of exploited fish stocks. Fishing gear that contacts the bottom may disturb the seafloor and the benthic organisms dwelling therein. The disturbance, in turn, may reduce...
Days at sea restrictions were introduced in 2003 as part of the cod recovery strategy in the North Sea. The impact on the profitability of the fleet of the effort controls, however, is not immediately discernable, as the fishery was also subject to changes in costs, prices and stock conditions....
The theoretical economic performance of the year 2000 Norwegian fishing fleet in the Barents Sea cod fisheries are studied under different stock biomass levels and age compositions by applying the EconMult fleet model. Quarterly stock conditions during the period 1946-2004 have been investigated as this represent stock conditions which may...
Present resource rents in Norway's fisheries were compared for different fleet structures. Alternative values of TACs were assumed, which is consistent with how most fisheries in Norwegian waters are managed. Total allowable catches (TACs) are set on the basis of advice by fisheries biologists where the economics of the industry...
Fishing communities have always had an obvious economic interest in fishery management as it affects their short-run and long-run prosperity. Many fishing communities are now interested in a more active role in the form of co-management, community-based management, or community property rights. The primary research focus in communities and fishery...
Community quota schemes (CQS) have been introduced in some UK fishery dependent areas in an attempt to address the detrimental effects of the current market based approach to quota management. The most established and largest scheme operates in the Shetland Isles, where there was concern quota holdings could be traded...
The Chambo is an important fish to Malawi's economy and livelihoods of local people in southern end of Lake Malawi. While worries about overexploitation of the chambo have been a source of concern since the 1930s, the biological and economic collapse of the fishery in Lake Malombe and the Upper...
Capture fisheries is a primary employment for inhabitants of coastal and inland aquatic ecosystems globally. However, historically, aquaculture has been well documented as an economic activity in Southeast Asia. Coastal marine fisheries and freshwater inland waters provided employment for inhabitants of these ecosystems in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Aquaculture was started...
Participation of community groups is one of the main requirements for culture-based fisheries (CBF) in
non-perennial reservoirs of Sri Lanka. Homogeneity of the group characteristics facilitates to arrive at
collective decisions. And as such can be considered as positive feature for development of CBF. In this
paper an attention made...
INCOFISH is an acronym for "Integrating Multiple Demands on Coastal Zones with Emphasis on Aquatic ecosystems and Fisheries". In the scope of the EC funded INCOFISH project 35 partners from 22 countries worldwide are conducting specifically targeted strategic research towards reconciling multiple demands on coastal zones with special emphasis on...
Shrimp farming in Thailand is considered to be one of the main causes of mangrove deforestation. The Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis, however, posits that economic development eventually reverses resource degradation. This hypothesis is examined using pooled data on mangrove loss and Gross Provincial Product (GPP) from 23 provinces in...
In spite of being one of the leading fish exporters, fishery resources in Thai waters had been degraded. Increasing fuel cost reduced a number of commercial fishing vessels in Thai waters. While trawl was the main fishing gear for commercial fisheries, their main catches were trash fish for fish meal....
Japan is considered as one of the most successful marine fishery co-management or CBFM regimes. However, in 2001 the Japanese government was obliged to introduce new measures in order to recover several species under overexploitation. One example is the Resource Recovery Plans (RRP) that in all Japan accounts 51 fisheries....
Increased attention is being given to the promise of co-management as a means of achieving sustainable
fish stocks while at the same time providing benefits to those dependent on the fishery. At the same time,
the view that co-management represents a continuum between state or user control is being replaced...
Many fisheries management agencies struggle with developing management frameworks that can deliver sustainable
fisheries. Over fishing, by-catch of non-target fish species, marine mammals, seabirds, and damage to benthic
habitats remain serious problems. Management methods based on traditional command and control approaches may
meet with initial successes yet additional progress is...
In this paper, we study recovering processes for fisheries facing crisis or over-exploitation of a marine renewable
resource. We examine how to restore resource stocks and modify the economic characteristics of the fleet in order to
put on a sustainable exploitation system, near of some maximal standard as the Maximum...
With heightened media attention on the poor state of world fish stocks and the environmental impacts of aquaculture production methods, both governments and seafood industries are keen to demonstrate support for improved management measures. This paper includes results from a DFID funded project concerned with seafood certification, ecolabelling and developing...
This paper discusses the potential application of implicit discount rates (IDR) derived from Individual Transferable Quota (ITQ) trading data as indicators of fishery bio-economic health. The theoretical background is discussed, and in the context of one New Zealand ITQ fishery we analyze the behavior of IDR over ten years of...
The question of how to discipline fisheries subsidies is a major issue at the forefront of the international fisheries policy agenda. The negotiations underway at the WTO to clarify disciplines on fisheries subsidies, and the call in the WSSD Plan of Implementation to eliminate subsides that contribute to illegal, unreported...
Coastal areas in Southeast Asia have historically been globalised spaces, with land and resources such as
fisheries influenced by trade since pre-colonial times. As the intensity of resource use has expanded the
resilience of the coastal environment and effectiveness of management practices have come into question.
Commodity chains that once...
ICES – the International Council for the Exploration of the Sea – was founded more than a century ago out of
concern for overfishing. However, today’s global marine ecosystems are for the most part in a degraded state, many
alarmingly so. Why is the science used so little to make...
Responsibility for management of fisheries resources in waters off Queensland, Australia is vested largely
in the Queensland Government, under the Offshore Constitutional Settlement agreed between the federal
and state governments. These Queensland-managed fisheries include lucrative prawn fisheries and reef
and coastal finfish fisheries off the east coast of Queensland and...
By the mid-1990s, Atlantic sea scallop populations in the northeastern United States had been driven to
near depletion due to years of excessive fishing pressure and ineffective fishing regulations. However,
above-average recruitment coupled with new regulations based on reduction of fishing effort and
demarcation of closed areas with restricted access...
Fisheries economists and fishery scientists have forcefully argued that access to fisheries has to be restricted so as to increase stock size, harvest and/or profitability compared to what would be the results of free access. Fisheries economists have pointed out that management by Individual Transferable Quotas (ITQs for short) fare...
Fry production of milkfish (Chanos chanos), which is called “Milkfish Backyard Hatchery” or MBH in
Gerokgak District, North of Bali had been famous since 1995. The coastal area of the district is the largest place for
backyard hatcheries.
The research was conducted in Gerokgak District in the year of 2004....
A key conclusion of 'Net Benefits' - the landmark 2004 strategic review of the UK fishing industry - was that a sustainable UK fleet must make long-run profits adequate to invest in new boats, improve safety levels, pay good wages for skilled staff and be able to survive in years...
Individual fishing quota programs are increasingly being used to establish property rights in commercial fisheries in the U.S. These programs are intended to promote resource conservation while improving economic efficiency. However, these rationalization programs are often criticized for their distributional consequences. In the Gulf of Alaska halibut fishery, there is...
This paper demonstrates analytically how a nature reserve may protect the total population, realize maximum sustainable yield (MSY), maximum economic yield (MEY) and consumer surplus (CS) and how this depends on biological growth, migration, reserve size and economic parameters. The pre-reserve population is assumed to follow the logistic growth law...
Studies on compliance with fishing regulations have looked at fishery crimes for which the offender faces a one-period
decision problem of maximizing an expected utility. Moreover, the returns to the crimes are uncertain
because the offender may lose them if caught. This paper extends these models by considering a fishery...
Game-theoretic fisheries models typically consider cases where some n countries harvest a common fish
stock x. For this common resource they attempt to achieve an agreement that would be beneficial to all
countries. The present paper considers cases where the countries may be involved in several coexisting
agreements. We identify...
This paper is based on work that the authors have carried out on EU financed projects in the South Western Indian
Ocean (SWIO) in collaboration with the Indian Ocean Tuna Commission and the Indian Ocean Commission (IOC)¹ on a range of fisheries management issue including, stock assessment, tagging and monitoring,...
Theorists and modelers have made significant progress in defining ecological and economic parameters
for measuring the 'costs' of fisheries. The social dimensions of such universal exercises, however, have
barely been worked upon. This is a serious omission. In the context of the EC-funded ECOST
programme, a group of social scientists...
This paper explores the possibility of using marine reserves to protect stocks subject to bycatch problems. The importance of migration rates and growth rates of both target and bycatch species and costs are analyzed. Pure open access equilibrium harvest of target species and stock level of bycatch species are compared...
Highly migratory fish stocks in the Western and Central Pacific Ocean are an important source of income
for those Pacific island nations through whose economic zones the stocks pass, and for distant water
fishing nations that target the stocks. Although the tropical stocks have been regarded in the past as...
The marine fisheries sector in India is currently going through a phase of socio-economic cum ecological turbulence.
The rate of growth in marine fisheries production, as evidenced by recent studies, is plateauing, if not, declining.
The need for initiating management options that promote sustainable resource utilization and stable livelihood
security...
Marine habitats and the fisheries they support may be modified through the use of human-made physical structures placed in the sea. These structures ('artificial reefs') serve a variety of functions, ranging from the traditional practice of food production to newer applications which include mariculture, tourism and resource conservation. The presentation...
The introduction of modern trawl fishing in Norway after the Second World War was intended to be the very platform for the modernisation of the fishing industry. Right up to the end of the seventies, market orientation and the absence of state regulation of fishing were on the agenda. However,...
Many international fisheries agreements involve sharing rules. These rules are normally stable rules, not contingent on shifts in the relative distribution or development of the resource. In the latest IPCC report,
the most likely future scenario is an increase in the global mean temperature, and most severely in high
latitudes....
In this paper we use stock size, harvest quantity and fishing effort, respectively, as strategic variables. We model a two agent (nations) non-cooperative fishery game, where the agents harvest a common fish stock. The planning horizon is infinite. The model is solved successively using one instrument at a time as...
The optimal economic exploitation of renewable resources has been a subject of great interest in the last few decades. Nevertheless many fish stocks have been damaged in such a way that economical exploitation is jeopardized or even interrupted. Consequently, an increasing number of fisheries are collapsing. Causes that are frequently...
NOAA’s National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) was a key participant in the FAO technical and policy-level consultations of 1991-1999 that led to the FAO International Plan of Action for the Management of Fishing Capacity. The U.S. Plan of Action includes a commitment to prepare regular assessments of overcapacity in federally-managed...
To empirically study production structure and the capacity level at which vessels are harvesting, a short-run
translog cost function is estimated. From the estimated parameters, two capacity utilisation measures
are calculated (returns to scale and a dual capacity utilisation measure). Empirical results show that there
is no excess capacity in...
The current Senate Bill to reauthorize the Magnuson/Stevens Act, the key US fishery management law,
will allow some significant changes in the way that Individual Transferable Quota programs can be
developed. First, the bill will expand the range of individuals who will be permitted to obtain harvesting
privileges. In addition...
Overcapacity in the form of excess fishing vessels or effort allocation often arises out of improved economic conditions and/or innovation in fishing methods and is generally associated with species overexploitation. With many fisheries fully or over-exploited, stakeholders are advocating product enhancement to add value to the fishery. A recent innovation...
The 2004 and 2005 hurricane seasons have been particularly devastating to the Gulf Coast region of the U.S. During 2004, hurricanes Charley and Ivan, among others, took dead aim at the Florida Gulf coast and caused excessive structural damage to residences and near-shore structures. These storms in general missed the...
This paper reports on an economic experiment conducted to examine the nature of rent dissipation in limited entry fisheries with aggregate quotas, and factors affecting fishermen's political support for changing to individual quota management. The experimental subjects are fishermen who participate in a series of fishing seasons. The experiment assumes...
Hundreds of coastal communities located in Phang-nga Bay were exacerbated by Tsunami explosion. Fishers and fish
cage farmers accidentally lost their means of fishing and culturing operations to stabilize their conventional
livelihoods. The article is placed with two objectives in order to simply describe the re-building of coastal community
for...