A primary target of Mycobacterium tuberculosis is the human alveolar macrophage.
Infection by this bacterium can lead to a variety of responses, such as apoptosis,
autophagy, and necrosis, which may be involved in controlling the infection. M.
tuberculosis has evolved mechanisms to evade or use the host-mediated processes to its...
Mycobacterium avium cause disseminated disease in immunocompromised people such as AIDS patients. Subsequent to crossing the intestinal epithelium, M. avium thrive within vacuoles in macrophages. The bacteria exhibit a different, more invasive, phenotype after being in macrophages compared to M. avium from laboratory conditions. We hypothesized that this intracellular phenotype...
Mycobacterium avium is a ubiquitous environmental organism found in both water and soil. It can cause disease in patients with previous pulmonary conditions, as well as immunosupressed patients, with the most prevalent being AIDS patients. Studies have indicated that passage through amoeba, a common environmental protozoa, increases virulence of M....
Mycobacterium avium is a ubiquitous environmental organism found in water and soil. It can cause disease in patients with pre-existing pulmonary conditions, immunocompromised patients with the most prevalent being AIDS patients, as well as apparently healthy people. Studies have indicated that, upon macrophage uptake, Al. avium prevents phagosome-lysosome fusion, thus...
Mycobacterium avium is an intracellular pathogen that is associated with disseminated
infection, especially in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). It
appears that patients with AIDS acquire M. avium mostly through the intestinal tract,
and that bacteria enter the intestinal wall at the terminal ileum. Previous studies have
found that...
Environmental mycobacteria are important opportunistic pathogens for many hosts,
including humans, cattle, and fish. Two well-studied species are Mycobacterium
avium subsp. avium, a significant cause of disseminated bacterial disease in patients
with AIDS, and Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis, the cause of Johne’s
disease in cattle. Many other species that are...
Clostridium perfringens is the causative agent of a wide variety of diseases in animals and humans. C. perfringens can produce more than 15 toxins. However, individual strains produce a subset of these toxins. Although a small percentage of C. perfringens isolates (mostly belonging to type A) produce C. perfringens enterotoxin...
Torrubiella is a genus of entomopathogenic fungi in the Clavicipitaceae
(Ascomycota). Species of the genus produce superficial perithecia on a loose mat of
hyphae that forms directly on the host. The genus is estimated to contain about 70
species. Torrubiella is hypothesized to be a close relative of Cordyceps because...