Food insecurity and hunger have become persistent problems resulting from an increase in impoverished segments of populations worldwide. For those not affected, the problem seems unnoticeable – it is happening somewhere else far away from them. However, in the United States, the number of people living below the poverty level...
The food distribution system in the U.S. is complex. Many players—including middlemen—produce, manufacture, transport, distribute, market, and sell every type of food product imaginable. By the time a product is placed on a grocery store shelf, it has traveled countless miles and has been handled by many people. Each person...
With ever more inhibited programmes of excavation, new methods of site survey are always
welcome. Here a soil geomorphologist joins forces with archaeologists to read the history of
limestone blocks exposed on the surface at sites in southern Greece. Rillenkarren for example are
vertical grooves caused by rainfall on stones...
Abstract Watershed-scale fate/transport modeling of contaminants is a tool that scientists and land managers can use to assess pesticide contamination to stream systems. The Catchment Modeling Framework (CMF) is a catchment-scale fate/transport modeling tool. It was developed to help scientists and land managers assess the effects of possible land-use decisions...
On average, the water column of Lake Superior is undersaturated with respect to dissolved oxygen and supersaturated with respect to carbon dioxide during the summer-stratified period. On the basis of temporal changes in water column dissolved oxygen, we calculate rates of oxygen consumption that range from 0.19 to 0.75 mmol...
Agricultural revenues, the product of stochastic prices and yields, lead to markets which are
incomplete, thereby entreating and complicating economic inquiry. The following three essays
explore the incomplete nature of agricultural markets and consider the implications of
incompleteness for a range of policy questions and economic tools.
The first essay,...
A series of studies and replicated field sites were implemented in the Oregon Coast Range within Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) sapling plantations infected with varying levels of Swiss needle cast (SNC) caused by the fungus, Phaeocryptopus gaeumannii (Rhode) Petrak (PG). This research was conducted to understand the effects of...
The enlargement of 21 canopy gaps associated with the root pathogen Heterobasidion annosum (Fr.:Fr.)
Bref. (; Fomes annosus (Fr.) Karst.) in the mixed-conifer forest of Yosemite Valley was monitored between 1971 and
1998. Mean expanded gap area was 232 m2 (range 38–802 m2) in 1971 and 1455 m2 (range 150–4216...
Interconnection networks play important roles in designing high performance computers. Recently two new classes of interconnection networks based on the concept of Gaussian and Eisenstein-Jacobi integers were introduced. In this research, efficient routing and broadcasting algorithms for these networks are developed. Furthermore, constructing edge disjoint Hamiltonian cycles in Gaussian networks...
Effective watershed restoration planning and prioritization is often very difficult because decision making typically involves a large number of alternatives evaluated on the basis of multiple and often conflicting technical, social, economic, and environmental objectives and criteria. In order to solve such complex decision making problems, multiobjective decision making (MODM)...