This report includes information concerning experimental use of unregistered pesticides or unregistered uses of pesticides. Experimental results should not be interpreted as recommendations for use. Use of unregistered materials or use of any registered pesticides inconsistent with its label is against both Federal Law and State Law.
We believe concreteness, direct manipulation and responsiveness in a visual programming language increase its usefulness. However, these characteristics present a challenge in generalizing programs for reuse, especially when concrete examples are used as one way of achieving concreteness. In this paper, we present a technique to solve this problem by...
Crops were grown at the experimental farms using accepted cultural practices within the limits of experimentation or trials were conducted on growers' fields. Most experiments were designed as randomized complete blocks with three to five replications. Herbicide treatments were applied uniformly with precision plot sprays, or granular formulations were distributed...
During the last two years thrips have been suspected of causing shoot damage in the form of reduced leaf size and stunted vine growth in one vineyard in the Cave Junction area of Southern Oregon. While there can be several problems that can cause this symptom in grapes, it was...
For over 13 years there has been an Area Horticultural Extension Agent available to assist winegrape growers in Jackson and Josephine Counties with production problems by conducting educational programs and applied research projects. While the salary for this position is paid by Oregon State University Extension, support funds which pay...
The connection between the fruit-set disorder Inflorescence Necrosis (IN) and high ammonium (NI14+) in affected tissues has led to an investigation of NH4+ assimilation enzymes (principally glutamine synthetase (GS) and glutamate synthase) in grape tissues. Previous work in this department has suggested that toxic levels of NH4+ build up in...
We harvested the first significant crop from the Woodhall clonal trials in 1993. Early results from clonal trials can be misleading but there are differences between clones that are already quite apparent in some cases. Many of the clone types could be readily identified this season by plant growth habit...
Objectives: 1. Survey Oregon vineyards for the presence, identity and abundance of plant parasitic nematodes. 2. Document seasonal changes in abundance of species of important plant parasites in order to identify optimum times for sampling. 3. Evaluate the efficacy of Nemacur for reducing populations of plant parasitic nematodes.
Since phylloxera's discovery in a commercial vineyard in August of 1990, nine infestations have been verified in Oregon. With over 95% of Oregon's vineyards planted with ownrooted, Vitis vinifera, non-resistant vines, understanding the insect's biology under our conditions has become important for determining management strategies that minimize rate of spread....
The Oregon wine industry has gown in recent years to over 100 wineries. There is a strong need for enology Extension, technical assistance, and technology transfer of relevant research for commercial application. Enology Extension at OSU provides technical assistance to winery personnel including wine analysis, consultation on production problem, training...
The 18 winegrape varieties in this trial were in fifth leaf in 1994. Vines were pruned in February to either a Scott Henry (4 arms on a vertical trellis using two fruiting wires 12 inches apart at 30 and 42 inch height) or a guyot (a double arm on a...
Four year old vines of 18 varieties were cane pruned, trained to a Scott Henry, thinned before veraison, and harvested in October and November 1993. Two of the varieties, Chardonnay and Cabernet Sauvignon, were used as standards. Only four varieties were spur pruned to reduce cropping or cluster size: Dolcetto,...
Seed size, abundance, viability, dormancy, and germination requirements strongly influence plant establishment and therefore are important considerations in restoration of native vegetation. These characteristics provide criteria for selection of suitable species, development of collection and pretreatment methods, and determination of seeding densities. The first set of objectives of this study...
The Forest Service and the Bureau of Land Management propose to adopt coordinated ecosystem management direction for the lands they administer within the range of the northern spotted owl. This Supplemental Environmental Impact Statement (SETS) presents as alternatives the options, with slight modifications, developed by the Forest Ecosystem Management Assessment...
Revised July 1994. A more recent revision exists. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Nisin, bacteriocin produced by Lactococcus lactis, Nisin may have the potential to replace (or reduce) sulfiting agents traditionally added to wines to prevent the growth of spoilage lactic acid bacteria. This may be valuable since sulfites are believed to cause toxic responses in sensitive individuals. As a result, the U.S....
Riesling, Chardonnay, and Pinot noir wines from the 1992 vintage were fermented with several different commercial yeast strains. Differences were observed in fermentation rates, wine composition, and aroma and flavor. Preliminary results were reported on in the OSU Wine Grape Research Progress Reports, 1992-1993, Special Report 929, June 1993, OSU...
Oregon Pinot noir wines differ greatly in their color and phenolic profiles and this variability is due to both vineyard and to fermentation management practices. We have observed that Pinot noir fruit composition can vary significantly with vintage, with degree of maturity, with yields, with trellis systems, and with the...
In experiments in grape skin light transmission in 1991, we found that quercetin (a phenolic compound found in many plants) accumulates in sun exposed grape skin. The accumulation of quercetin in grape skins appeared to be a protective response to solar radiation and we were able to show that quercetin...
The new varietal trial at SOES was monitored during the growing season and during ripening by David Sugar and Porter Lombard (see Winegrape Variety Trial in Southern Oregon). The 1993 vintage was a late ripening season and not all the varieties developed sufficient maturity for experimental wine production. Tempranillo, Viognier,...
Minimal pruning continues to look like a production system worthy of consideration in small scale commercial trials. In 1993, in a trial on Chardonnay at Woodhall vineyard, minimal pruning was compared to standard cane pruned vines on a vertical trellis. This was the second year of the trial.
The easiest way to introduce phylloxera to a site is by infested plant material. If a grower can effectively remove any existing phylloxera on new plants, the rate of spread of phylloxera. in Oregon vineyards will be significantly decreased.
The objectives of this study are to determine methods for dipping...
"In the past 6 years research effort on the Marbled Murrelet (Brachyramphus marmoratus) has increased in response to an apparent dramatic decline in their numbers on the west coast south of British Columbia (Marshall, 1988, Carter and Erickson 1992, Nelson et al. 1992). Their recent listing as a federally threatened...
WTD Industries, Inc. and its subsidiaries ("WTD") employ approximately twelve hundred people in the business of manufacturing lumber and related activities.
In the mid 1980's WTD implemented a drug testing program to prevent users of illegal drugs from working for or continuing to work for the Company. The program was...
This is an exhibit made by the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife to the Oregon Fish and Wildlife Commission on October 19, 1994. Topics covered include a summary of the 1993/1994 crab fishery, analysis of the use of long-line gear in crab fisheries, and standards for biodegradable twine on...
Reprinted March 1994. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Reprinted January 1994. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Revised November 1994. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Published November 1994. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Revised April 1994. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Reprinted January 1994. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Published July 1976. Reprinted January 1994. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Published October 1994. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Published January 1994. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Published November 1994. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
in a drought, every gallon of water saved
means more crop production. There are many
places in a typical irrigation operation where
water is lost. Here are some prudent management
practices that can conserve water and
possibly make the difference between making
a profit or taking a loss.
Note: These...
Published January 1994. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Reprinted July 1994. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Revised March 1994. Reprinted January 2000. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
In addition to statistics on bay clams, the report mentions an effort to plant native (Olympia) oysters (Ostrea lurida / Ostrea conchaphila) in Netarts Bay.
This report describes sediment testing done on the Yaquina River benthos between river miles 6 and 11 (a section between Yaquina and Toledo). The sediments were found to be safe for in-water disposal, thus enabling dredging to proceed.
The Horsetail (Equisetaceae) family comprises 30 species, all in the ancient genus Equisetum. During the Carboniferous age (more than 230 million years ago), the Horsetail family was the dominant plant group in the world, with plants reaching gigantic size. Two basic forms of horsetails survive today. One is the hollow,...
Yellow toadflax (Linaria vulgaris) and Dalmatian toadflax (Linaria
dalmatica) are members of the figwort (Scrophulariaceae) family.
They were introduced into North America as ornamental plants because of their showy, snapdragon-like flowers. Yellow toadflax was brought from Wales in the mid-1800s as a garden flower by Ranstead, a Welsh Quaker who...
Squarrose knapweed, introduced from southwest Asia and the Middle East, became weedy in northern California and Utah by the early 1950s. How it
was originally introduced is not known, but its spread in California
and Utah was associated with the trailing of range sheep. Squarrose knapweed grows in the Klamath,...
Fertilizing hops improves yield and quality by supplying the crop with ample nutrition in advance of demand. Producers must combine this goal with production costs and environmental stewardship. Fertilization should be based on yield and quality response, experience, and economics. Unfortunately, limited experimental data exist linking modern cultural practices, current...
Published January 1994. Reprinted April 2007. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Yellow starthistle (Centaurea solstitialis L.) is a member of the knapweed
(Centaurea L.) complex. It is poor forage for all livestock and causes
“chewing disease,” a nervous disorder, in horses. Yellow starthistle infests
millions of acres in California and the Pacific Northwest. Infestations range
from scattered plants to dense stands...
Revised February 1994. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
This publication gives basic information on choosing your
planting site, selecting the right species for the site, proper planting
techniques, and first-year care. Although you may be buying a tree
to add beauty to your home landscape,trees also serve other important
functions in your landscape.
Moisture problems can occur in many places in homes and for many reasons: when high levels of moisture enter building cavities or get inside, when excessive moisture is produced indoors, or
when indoor air comes into contact with cold surfaces such as single-pane windows or uninsulated walls. Excess moisture often...
A family meeting is a prearranged time when family
members come together to talk about what’s happening in their
home and in their lives. It’s structured to allow for interaction
that otherwise might not occur.
Published May 1994. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
The Douglas-fir needle midge can be a very destructive pest of
Douglas-fir. Infestation of new needles can be as high as 100 per-cent. Severe infestations can cause intolerable needle loss, and trees may take several years to recover. Needle loss is an especially serious problem in Christmas trees because of...
Cash commodity sales from Oregon farms and
ranches were an estimated $2.7 billion in 1992.
Total cash receipts in Oregon’s agricultural sector have shown
steady increases over the pastdecade—sales have climbed about
50 percent over the past 10 years.
Published August 1994. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Published March 1994. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Published August 1994. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Communication is basic to a relationship. What is communication? The word means “to make common.” It is the process of interacting, of creating and negotiating meanings. Your feelings,
communication style, family of origin,gender, and culture all affect your communication.
Blue mustard (Chorispora tenella) is a native of Russia or
southwest Asia. It first was documented in this country in
Lewiston, Idaho in 1929, and has spread throughout the
western plains states, the western portion of the United States,
and southern Canada.
Declared out of print July 2010. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Cover crops planted in late summer are an inexpensive way to build better soil for gardening. Cover crops often are
called green manure crops. They are grains, grasses, or legumes that will grow during fall and winter and that you
can plow, spade, or till under in the spring.
Although many people enjoy deer, these animals can be destructive
to gardens, orchards, and landscaped areas. Deer damage to
ornamental plants is associated with a variety of factors including
increasing numbers of deer, human population shifts to rural
and suburban areas, and landowners prohibiting deer hunting.
Bulbous bluegrass is another example of an introduced
European plant that escaped to become weedy. The first reports
of its growth in the United States were experimental
plantings at Arlington, Virginia, in 1907, and one at Pullman,
Washington, at about the same time. It was produced commercially
in southern Oregon...
The public expects and deserves
a safe food supply. This
includes food free of antibiotic
residues. Congress has empowered
the Food and Drug Administration
(FDA) to examine and
closely monitor the use of animal
drugs in dairy herds across the
nation. This regulatory agency has
the power of enforcement action.
Declared out of print July 2010. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Creeping buttercup (Ranunculus repens L.) probably is the most troublesome of several members of the buttercup family that are weeds in the Pacific Northwest. There are many native species of buttercup in the Pacific Northwest, but the weedy species are of European origin. It’s likely that they were introduced as...
The common name powderpost beetle loosely applies to three closely related beetle families, Lyctidae, Anobiidae, and Bostrichidae. Powderpost beetles breed in dead wood, as well as dried and cured lumber. It is their larvae’s feeding that reduces wood to what scientists call frass—a fine powder or a mass of small...
This document recreates an historically valuable report prepared by George A Bright in 1914 It
describes an extensive reconnaissance of the Wenaha National Forest that Bright completed in
1913 In addition to narratives about the natural resources, existing uses, and management
opportunities of the Forest, the report includes 42 black-and-white...
Poison oak is common in western Oregon and Washington. Its near relative, poison ivy, is found in eastern Oregon and Washington, throughout Idaho, and eastward. Both plants are native to the Pacific Northwest.
The first through fifth instars of the gypsy moth were tested for development to adults on
326 species of dicotyledonous plants in laboratory feeding trials. Among accepted plants,
differences in suitability were documented by measuring female pupal weights. The majority of
accepted plants belong to the subclasses Dilleniidae, Hamamelidae, and...
Agropyron spicatum, considered one of the most important native bunchgrasses in British Columbia, western Montana, the Columbia Basin and the area between the Cascades and Sierras and the Rockies, dominated millions of acres of pristine semiarid grass and sagebrush sites. It produced more herbage than all other associated species in...
Published March 1994. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Long-term experiments were started at Pendleton and Moro, Oregon in the 1930's to evaluate the effects of tillage, fertilizer, and residue management on crop productivity in non-irrigated semi-arid regions. Coupled with multi-year varietal improvement, rotation, and green manure studies, they define those practices which sustain soil productivity and improve crop...
Published April 1994. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Published September 1994. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Agricultural scientists recognize farmer knowledge and experience can provide important contributions to the development of new agricultural technologies. However, insufficient use has been made of this valuable resource because farmer knowledge and experience are difficult to collect, quantify, and evaluate.
Four factors govern the potential for groundwater
contamination by pesticides passing
through the soil:
• Properties of the soil
• Properties of the pesticide
• Hydraulic loading on the soil
• Crop management practices
Parents play many roles as they
guide their children’s developing
food habits: model, teacher, mediator,
provider, stage manager, and
director. We’ll discuss these in the
four lessons of Food for Tots.
Throughout the production cycle, sheep producers must know whether or not their sheep are in condition (too thin, too fat, or just right) for the stage of production: breeding, late pregnancy, and lactation.
Measuring the flow rate of water is the first step to good water management. All water right holders in the State of Oregon must be able to measure the flow rate of the water being diverted.
Water quality problems related to excessive algal
growth, high nutrient loading, and low flows have been
occurring along Oregon's Tualatin River. The Tualatin River
is 86 miles long and has a drainage basin of 711 square
miles. The drainage basin incorporates forest,
agricultural, and urban areas. Located in the Portland...
Published January 1994. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
The BEST (Benguela Source and Transport) project was designed to investigate the form
of the Benguela Current and ratio of the Aguhlhas Current and South Atlantic Current
source waters masses. The transport of the Benguela Current and its variability was
measured by a moored array of instruments, inverted echo sounders...
Summaries from 49 published articles on tree volume and taper equations are presented for 39 tree species found in California, Oregon, Washington, British Columbia, southeast Alaska, Idaho, and western Montana. The summaries are organized by species and then by type of equation (volume or taper). Each summary describes the types...
This report describes current meter measurements from an experiment to measure the deep western boundary current that carries dense water from the Antarctic to the Pacific Ocean. The field measurements were conducted as part of a joint two year experiment by Oregon State University, Texas A&M University, Woods Hole Oceanographic...
An international Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Response Experiment (COARE)
was conducted in the warm-pool region of the western equatorial Pacific Ocean over a four-month period from November 1992 through February 1993 (Webster and Lukas, 1992). Most of the oceanographic and meteorological observations were concentrated in the Intensive Flux Array (IFA) centered at...
