This paper surveys the activity recognition task from a machine learning perspective. I give a definition of this problem, and I classify different activity recognition problems into two categories. I show the activities can be hierarchical, and based on such hierarchies I synthesize a language to describe activities. I give...
This paper addresses cost-sensitive classification in the setting where there are costs for measuring each attribute as well as costs for misclassification errors. We show how to formulate this as a Markov Decision Process in which the transition model is learned from the training data. Specifically we assume a set...
Collaborative filtering (CF)-based recommender systems predict what items a user will like or find useful based on the recommendations (active or implicit) of other members of a networked community. In spite of more than ten years of research, there is little consensus on state-of-the-art knowledge regarding CF predictive algorithms. There...
Keywords: tree ring chronology; climate; forest development; dendrochronology; otolith time series; Sebastes diploproa; Sebastes pinniger; Douglas Fir; Pseudotsuga menziesii
This paper studies the problem of learning diagnostic policies from training examples. A diagnostic policy is a complete description of the decision-making actions of a diagnostician (i.e., tests followed by a diagnostic decision) for all possible combinations of test results. An optimal diagnostic policy is one that minimizes the expected...
A common heuristic for solving Partially Observable Markov Decision Problems POMDPs is to first solve the underlying Markov Decision Process MDP and then construct a POMDP policy by performing a fixed depth lookahead search in the POMDP and evaluating the leaf nodes using the MDP value function. A problem with...
End-user programmers are writing an unprecedented number of programs, due in large part to the significant effort put forth to bring programming power to end users. Unfortunately, this effort has not been supplemented by a comparable effort to increase the correctness of these often faulty programs. To address this need,...
A diagnostic policy species what test to perform next based on the results of previous tests and when to stop and make a diagnosis. Cost-sensitive diagnostic policies perform tradeoffs between (a) the costs of tests and (b) the costs of misdiagnoses. An optimal diagnostic policy minimizes the expected total cost....
The standard model of supervised learning assumes that training and test data are drawn from the same underlying distribution. This paper explores an application in which a second, auxiliary, source of data is available drawn from a different distribution. This auxiliary data is more plentiful, but of significantly lower quality,...
Mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus), elk (Cervus elaphus), and cattle share rangelands throughout much of interior western North America. Considerable debate exists about the degree to which facilitation or competition occurs for forage between these three species (Nelson 1982, Wisdom and Thomas 1996, Miller 2002). Prior cattle grazing can have beneficial...
Spreadsheet languages, which include commercial spreadsheets and various research systems, have proven to be flexible tools in many settings. Research shows, however, that spreadsheets often contain faults. This thesis presents an integrated testing and fault localization methodology for spreadsheets. This methodology allows spreadsheet developers to engage in modeless development, testing...
End-user programmers are writing an unprecedented number of programs, primarily using languages and environments that incorporate a number of interactive and visual programming techniques. To help these users debug these programs, we have developed an entirely visual, interactive approach to fault localization. This paper presents the approach. We also present...
A human-centric issue that has not been considered in
the design of end-user programming environments is
whether gender differences exist that are important to the
design of these environments. Ignoring this issue would
miss the opportunity of enhancing the effectiveness of
end-user programmers by incorporating appropriate
mechanisms to support gender-associated...
Horticultural and nursery crops are the leading agricultural commodity in Oregon. Among currently grown nursery plants, Verbena x hybrida is a staple ornamental. It is grown and shipped worldwide, thus requiring a high level of certainty concerning the plants’ health and potential viability. V. x hybrida cultivars have been infected...
End users develop more software than any other group of programmers, using software authoring devices such as email filtering editors, by-demonstration macro builders, and spreadsheet environments. Despite this, there has been only a little research on finding ways to help these programmers with the dependability of the software they create....
This paper introduces the even-odd POMDP an approximation to POMDPs Partially Observable Markov Decision Problems in which the world is assumed to be fully observable every other time step. This approximation works well for problems with a delayed need to observe. The even-odd POMDP can be converted into an equivalent...
End users develop more software than any other group of programmers, using software authoring devices such as e-mail filtering editors, by-demonstration macro builders, and spreadsheet environments. Despite this, there has been only a little research on finding ways to help these programmers with the dependability of the software they create....
The WYSIWYT (What You See is What You Test) methodology applies formal analysis and testing techniques to the spreadsheet paradigm. So far the methodology has been applied to a research spreadsheet prototype, Forms/3. However, this prototype lacks the mathematical libraries, referential functions, ranges, and macros of commercial spreadsheets like Excel...
Although gender differences in a technological world are receiving significant research attention, much of the research and practice has aimed at how society and education can impact the successes and retention of female computer science professionals—but the possibility of gender issues within software has received almost no attention. If gender...
This paper presents a introduction of the developed system by that fisherman share various information. This system is characterized by the application of data mining methods and the introduction of IC tags. We compute the predict price formula by data mining of product value. The predict price of each port...
China is a large developing country with 1.28 billion of population, per capita’s income is continually increasing; the population is also increasing, so that the demand for human eatable consumption of fishery products is increasing significantly. During 1995 to 2001, the average annually increasing rate of per capita’s GDP was...
The Dominican Republic shares the island of Hispaniola with Haiti. The country has a total area of 48,442 km², a narrow insular shelf of 9,484 km² and an EEZ of approximately 238,000 km². Around 10,000 fishers with a fleet of 3,750 boats, operate from the 1,575 km of coastline to...
In recently years, the finance sector had focused their attention on commerce operation in China.When fisheries farmers decide to increase invent to promote production, they also can't get enough loans because aquaculture is a highest risk sector in agriculture and the commercial banks would prefer others sector in agriculture to...
El-Nino Southern Oscillation has many impacts on marine environment. During El-Nino 1997-1998, there has been a change in sea surface temperature in Bali water. Bali water is an important contributor for pelagic fisheries, such as Sardinella lemuru, Thunnus sp, Katsuwonus pelamis, and Euthynnus sp. Sardinella lemuru is emphasized, because the...
Whale meat has been one of traditional diets in Japan. However whaling is now prohibited except for the purpose of scientific research. Therefore it is important to keep an eye on poaching and to make distribution routes clear to obtain an international credibility. Then it is highly required to build...
Weitzman (2002) has shown that with a stochastic growth function and uncertainty in estimating stock size, landing fees will be superior to quotas as a means of controlling fish harvest. Hannesson and Kennedy (2003) expand the analysis by considering variable availability of fish, random fish prices, and non-constant returns to...
An integrated coastal management plan has become an increasingly important tool to accommodate coastal resource utilization that is multisectoral in nature. The idea of adopting this strategy comes from the fact that coastal resources consist of various valuable assets that should be utilized in a sustainable fashion. This paper emphasizes...
New forms of coordinations adapted to competition changes and new market conditions have recently emerged within the fisheries commercial channel. They redistribute the value added between the various actors and also bear significant consequences on fishing practices and resource exploitation. Two main reasons have led to the restructurings: - the...
As fisheries resources in the East China Sea, the Yellow Sea and the Japan Sea have the tendency to decrease, the purpose of this study is to identify the problems of the co-management by comparing the Total Allowable Catch (TAC) system between Japan and the Republic of Korea (Korea) in...
These three case studies of local fishery policy in Japan examine common causes of a successful fishery policy. This study tries to seek answer on "How did successful cases on Japanese local fishery policy succeed?" To find answer to this question, this study analyzed the relationship and the role of...
The British Columbia Seafood industry has witnessed fundamental and unprecedented changes to its business environment since the early 1990's. These changes include worldwide phenomena such as changes in consumer tastes and world economies, globalization, the growth of aquaculture, the growing and influential environmental movement, and the need for greater traceability...
This is a vogue to do fish farming in a pond or other water body inside and outside of the household in rural scenario of Bangladesh as an agriculture-aquaculture farming for a long time. Even the fish farming with profit or income generation among the fish farmers has taken place...
The new fishery order of Japan, China and the Republic of Korea (Korea) has changed their supply-and-demand structure (SDS) of marine products. This study observes the hagfish fishing which started in the Japanese coast/offshore, and the change of the international SDS. The present condition will be arranged as a framework...
Resource management under Individual Transferable Quota System (ITQ’s) is similar to that of Total Allowable Catch system. It, however, is said that the former is more difficult than the latter. In this paper, by analysing the case of the New Zealand’s ITQ’s during Fiscal Year 1991 and 2001, the current...
Between 1996 and 2000, the Federal Government of Canada reduced the number of salmon fishing licences in British Columbia by 50%, from a total of 4416 to the current 2221 licences, through voluntary “licence retirement”. The total cost of this program was $273.5 million over 5 years. The purpose of...
As world farmed salmon production has grown, so has the intensity of the debate over salmon farming. Critics have characterized salmon farming as environmentally, economically and socially unsound and irresponsible. This paper argues that underlying much of the salmon farming debate is a far broader debate over many of the...
Recently, the number of leisure fishers has increased in Japan. Recreational anglers have caught larger numbers of fishes than commercial fishermen in some species. Formulating an appropriate management strategy that considers recreational and commercial sectors is important. Sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) has been caught in Lake Toya, Hokkaido, Japan, by...
This paper provides a brief description of the two key institutional designs of Japanese coastal fisheries and their role in cooperative fishery management. It is well known that Japanese fishery management regime utilizes fishery cooperatives, called Fishery Cooperative Associations (FCAs), which they are granted territorial user rights (called common fishing...
Individual Transferable Quota systems (ITQ's) were implemented in the Icelandic groundfish fisheries in 1984, or twenty years ago. The system was not a 'pure' ITQ system from the beginning, notably with different regulations for different fleet segments and with several changes along the way. The current system has mostly been...
This paper is intended to examine and discuss in what way output control, one of the fisheries management measures, is effective in reducing over-capacity, and can become an effective means towards sustainable management of living marine resources. It was made clear theoretically and empirically that output control is applicable as...
The fisheries sector is an important contributor to the Indonesian economy in terms of protein supply, employment and income generation. Average per capita of fish consumption was 18,00 kg in 1990 and 22,84 kg in 2002. In the last 13 years, the dietary life of Indonesian people mainly consist of...
The rapid increase in global aquaculture production since the early nineties has increased the demand for fishmeal as an ingredient in aquafeed. This increase has been hypothesized as the source of disruption in the fishmeal market by researchers such as Delgado et al. In this paper we evaluate whether or...
Japanese salmon fishery is facing a juncture of existence and pressed for the improvement of constitution. The decline of high-seas salmon fisheries was taken and the import amount increased rapidly. In addition, domestic production by coastal set net fisheries has increased with a success of salmon enhancement in Japan. Salmon...