After hatchery-reared salmonids are released into the wild, their survival and performance are
frequently lower than those of wild conspecifics. Additionally, negative effects of hatchery fish on wild fish are cited as factors affecting the recovery of salmonid populations. Alternative hatchery rearing environments and release practices have been proposed to...
Successfully shifting to a more piscivorous diet may be an important factor in the growth and survival of juvenile coho salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch and Chinook salmon O. tshawytscha during their first summer in the northern California Current. Nonmetric multidimensional scaling and cluster analysis of diets by size showed several distinct...
This study reports on the creation and testing of a model concept-mapping process that will aid the development and documentation of ocean science educational content of The Science and Math Investigative Learning Experiences (SMILE) Program, a pre-college science and math enrichment program based at Oregon State University. The project uses...
The placement of ‘Pseudomonas butanovora’ in the genus Thauera was proposed previously, based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, upon further studies of taxonomical characteristics. In this study, physiological characteristics and DNA–DNA reassociation data are presented and the transfer of ‘P. butanovora’ to the genus Thauera is proposed. The original...
Apex predators have experienced catastrophic declines throughout the world as a result of human persecution and habitat loss. These collapses in
top predator populations are commonly associated with dramatic increases in the abundance of smaller predators. Known as “mesopredator release,”
this trophic interaction has been recorded across a range of...
Discusses options for managing major insect pests and diseases of conifers in Oregon forests: bark beetles, wood borers, and ambrosia beetles; defoliators; aphids, adelgids, and scale insects; terminal and branch insects and pitch moths; root diseases; stem decays; foliage diseases; canker diseases and canker-causing rust diseases; and mistletoes. Extensive references...
In the blink of an eye, unconscious bias was visible to me, an African American. A man saw my face as I walked into the store and unconsciously checked his wallet. On the street, a woman catches my eye a half block away and moves her purse from the handle...
The Lincoln County Soil and Water Conservation District produced this map to illustrate existing conservation easements as of 2009. The largest ownerships on the map are 8000 acres owned by Pacific Forest Trust and being managed for older forest conditions with revenue generation from
thinning and selective logging, the Van...
The potential for creating underwater noise disturbance is one environmental impact that must be accounted for by wave energy developers to meet the needs of regulatory agencies. This review study has been conducted to provide a concise knowledge base of the expected underwater noise conditions in the near shore environment...
The Oregon 4-H Carcass of Merit Program offers recognition to Oregon State University Extension 4-H members who breed and/or buy, feed, and raise animals whose carcasses meet the “ideal” for red meat: lean, early maturing, high yielding, and containing minimal external fat. This
publication was prepared for 4-H leaders and...
Gives nutrient and lime recommendations for soft white winter wheat in western Oregon. Also discusses: impact of diseases, such as take-all root rot, on crop yield; planting in poorly drained soil; soils and settings for wheat production; fall and spring nutrient management; and postharvest evaluation of nitrogen. Includes sources of...
This report was prepared for the 2009 Range Field Day held at the Central Oregon Agricultural Research Center in Madras, Oregon. It contains research reports on production of vegetable seed, grass seed, forage and cereals, and potatoes and peppermint; potential new crops; and rangeland and non-crop areas.
This report was prepared for the 2009 Range Field Day held at the Columbia Basin Agricultural Research Center in Pendleton, Oregon. It contains research reports on molecular identification of cyst nematodes in wheat and barley; hard red winter wheat production; club wheat breeding in Oregon; growing canola on wide row...
Managing the financial affairs of a direct marketing operation includes:
• Raising capital
• Identifying financial objectives and creating plans to achieve them
• Budgeting for the future flow of cash receipts and disbursements (cash
management)
• Controlling the use and distribution of funds
• Protecting the operation’s assets
Capital...
Selecting the right people to meet and serve customers is an important
decision in establishing and operating a direct farm market outlet. When
selecting and training employees, remember that customers expect a cordial atmosphere and friendly service. You want employees who are alert for opportunities to be of service, who...
Selecting a good location for a direct farm‑to‑consumer enterprise is of primary importance in direct marketing. Although roadside stands, U-pick operations, and farmers markets can and do operate in different locations and settings, certain key factors contribute to a satisfactory direct market location:
• Being on a well‑traveled road near...
A successful direct farm maketing business requires a knowledge and understanding of effective marketing and management practices. This publication discusses what services and choices to offer customers and how to price and promote items for sale.
Strategies for managing production and marketing costs ensure greater
profitability and stability, especially for direct marketers who decide to expand and diversify their operations. In developing these strategies, it is important to understand concepts such as fixed and variable costs, depreciation, and interest. These concepts can help you develop budgets...
With the renewed interest in direct marketing activity, more and more farmers are asking, Is direct farm‑to‑consumer marketing the answer? This question can best be answered after assessing:
• Personal abilities and desire to sell directly to consumers
• The farming operation’s compatibility with direct marketing
The assessment should also...
Silage corn makes excellent feed for dairy cattle because of its high dry-matter yield, energy content, and palatability, especially when mixed with other feed. Also, it does not accumulate potassium as do many
cool-season grass species. Nitrogen (N) is the most yield-limiting nutrient for silage corn production. Most dairies in...
With color photos and text, describes principal insect pests of hazelnuts (filberts) including their life stages, symptoms of infestation, and techniques for sampling population levels. Also describes beneficial insects (generalist natural enemies) that can combat pest insects.
Scours is the common name for diarrhea in calves. Diarrhea is a disease
of the digestive system characterized by watery feces and increased
frequency of bowel movements.
The high water content in the feces results in water loss from the body
(dehydration). Along with water, the body loses electrolytes, which...
Winter grain mite, Penthaleus major (Duges), is a small, colorful, cool season mite that damages grass and cereal crops throughout the Pacific Northwest as well as in most other temperate regions of the world. Hosts include most cereals and grasses of economic importance. Winter grain mite has been a frequent...
Many factors can cause distorted growth in grapevines. One cause of distorted growth is a disorder known as Short Shoot Syndrome (SSS), which is associated with mite feeding damage. However, similar abnormal growth symptoms can be caused by spring frost damage, herbicide damage, vine imbalance (overcropping of vines), nutrient deficiency...
The most important step in deciding whether to start a vineyard is to learn as much as possible about vineyard establishment, vine growth and development, and requirements of vineyards. Considerations include vine
physiology, vineyard inputs, and crop management. By having some understanding of winegrape production, you can avoid many mistakes...
Cada año, grandes cantidades de suelo superficial son arrastradas por las aguas de riego. A través de los años, esta erosión puede resultar en una pérdida significativa de suelo en los campos agrícolas. Las investigaciones llevadas a cabo por Oregon State University Malheur Experiment Station y otros han demostrado que...
El fósforo es un componente esencial para toda forma de vida, tanto para las plantas como para los animales, incluso los seres humanos. El fósforo es importante para la productividad del suelo y el crecimiento de plantas. Por eso, los dueños de casa a menudo fertilizan el césped con grandes...
Soluble butane monooxygenase (sBMO), a three-component di-iron monooxygenase complex
expressed by the C2–C9 alkane-utilizing bacterium Thauera butanivorans, was kinetically
characterized by measuring substrate specificities for C1–C5 alkanes and product inhibition
profiles. sBMO has high sequence homology with soluble methane monooxygenase (sMMO) and
shares a similar substrate range, including gaseous and...
The Library of Congress (LC) decided to suspend creating series authority records on May 1, 2006 and to transcribe all future series statements as untraced. To evaluate the impact on cataloging workload at Oregon State University (OSU), bibliographic records were examined for untraced series statements from June 1, 2006 to...
Oregon State University has trained paraprofessionals to assign subject headings to theses and dissertations. This article describes the training program for the paraprofessionals and the ongoing support provided by weekly meetings to discuss works that are difficult to analyze. The transition from copy cataloging to subject analysis is a major...
Home gardens produce the best yields when planted with vegetable varieties adapted to local growing conditions. Market growers and home gardeners may be able to use the information from these trials to help them choose adapted varieties, based on vegetable qualities that are important to them (appearance, earliness, flavor, yield,...
In this paper we examine some of the developments concerning the Gauss class number problems and build a solid understanding of the class number. First we will develop some background knowledge necessary to understand the problem, specifically the theory of quadratic forms and quadratic fields and how the class number...
Background: Short RNAs, and in particular microRNAs, are important regulators of gene
expression both within defined regulatory pathways and at the epigenetic scale. We investigated
the short RNA (sRNA) population (18-24 nt) of the transcriptome of green leaves from the
sequenced Populus trichocarpa using a concatenation strategy in combination with...
The advent of high-throughput sequencing (HTS) methods has enabled direct approaches to quantitatively profile small RNA
populations. However, these methods have been limited by several factors, including representational artifacts and lack of
established statistical methods of analysis. Furthermore, massive HTS data sets present new problems related to data processing
and...
Small RNAs, including microRNAs (miRNAs), small interfering RNAs
(siRNAs), and trans-acting siRNAs (tasiRNAs), control gene expression
and epigenetic regulation. Although the roles of miRNAs and
siRNAs have been extensively studied, their expression diversity
and evolution in closely related species and interspecific hybrids
are poorly understood. Here, we show comprehensive analyses...
With rising costs for natural gas, fuel oil, and electricity,more people are thinking of burning firewood or wood pellets to heat their homes. How do you know when it is time to switch from one heating source
to another? This publication can help you make that decision by comparing the...
A wide variety of materials are sold as mulches and used in landscapes. This publication discusses mulching woody ornamentals (trees and shrubs) with organic materials. It covers the reasons for mulching, how to apply mulch, and how to maintain its beneficial effects over time. The information is presented in a...
Grape phylloxera, Daktulosphaira vitifoliae (Fitch) (Homoptera: Phylloxeridae), is an aphidlike insect that feeds aggressively on grape roots. Phylloxera is native to the eastern and southeastern United States, where native American grape species coevolved with the insect.
Mating flight records are presented for males (drones) of the Asian dwarf honeybee species
Apis florea. These include observations on longevity, mortality and inclusive flight records for a cohort of
known-aged males. Averages for flight performance show the flights/lifetime to be 15.3 (± 11.8 SD); the
number of flight days,...
Oregon has a rich history of orchard cultivation
across the state. Today, orchards continue to
be an important part of Oregon’s economy
and contribute to a healthy and balanced diet for the
public. But, with the growth of residential development,
lands that once contained orchards are being
converted into homes...
Offshore wave conditions along the Oregon coastline are measured at a handful of buoy
locations where directional wave information is available. Most of these buoys are located in
deep waters and incoming waves undergo changes as they travel from deep water onto the shelf
where wave energy conversion arrays are...
This report establishes an industry knowledge base for existing anchoring and mooring techniques as applied to wave energy conversion (WEC) devices in and around Oregon. This report on anchoring and mooring techniques is derived from the cumulative experiences of engineers and scientists with many years of experience analyzing, designing and...
In February 2009, the Oregon Wave Energy Trust kicked off a project titled the Utility Market Initiative (UMI). The project's purpose was to initiate a process to align the needs of the regional electric utilities with the resource potential of the wave energy industry. Pacific Energy Ventures' proposal that include...
As the emerging ocean energy industry progresses towards commercialization, the need for a regulatory process that sufficiently addresses key interests has become increasingly apparent. As part of the organization’s efforts to foster responsible development in this emerging industry, OWET is sponsoring a program to educate and engage with stakeholders about...
Using a chain saw safely and effectively promotes efficiency in
clearing brush, cutting firewood, harvesting, and any other woodland
activity requiring the use of a chain saw. However, chain
saws are dangerous! Using them requires a satisfactory level of physical
conditioning and adequate skill in using and maintaining a saw.
Observations of temperature, winds, and atmospheric trace gases suggest that the transition from troposphere to stratosphere occurs in a layer, rather than at a sharp ‘‘tropopause.’’ In the tropics, this layer is often called the ‘‘tropical tropopause layer’’ (TTL). We present an overview of observations in the TTL and discuss...
During the 2003 summer monsoon, the Hi‐CLIMB seismological stations deployed across the Himalayan Range detected bursts of high‐frequency seismic noise that lasted several hours to days. On the basis of the cross correlation of seismic envelopes recorded at 11 stations, we show that the largest transient event on 15 August...
The gravitational component of water potential and frictional resistance during transpiration lead to substantial reductions in leaf water potential (Ψl) near the tops of tall trees, which can influence both leaf growth and physiology. We examined the relationships between morphological features and gas exchange in foliage collected near the tops...
A melt pond model is presented that predicts pond size and depth changes, given an
initial ice thickness field and representative surface fluxes. The model is based on the
assumption that as sea ice melts, fresh water builds up in the ice pore space and eventually
saturates the ice. Under...
We assimilate localized mass anomalies inferred from
GRACE ranging measurements into a hydrodynamic model
to improve tidal solutions around Antarctica for the M2, S2,
and O1 constituents. The variational approach used accounts
for the spatial averaging of tidal elevations implicit in the
mass anomaly parametrization used for the GRACE tidal...
1. The xylem pressure inducing 50% loss of hydraulic conductivity due to embolism
widely used for comparisons of xylem vulnerability among species and across aridity
However, despite its utility as an index of resistance to catastrophic xylem failure
drought, P5o may have no special physiological relevance in the context of...
The Penman‐Monteith equation is often used to estimate transpiration, but an important limitation to this approach, especially for mountainous forested sites, is an accurate estimate of canopy conductance averaged over the area of interest (Gs). We propose a method for estimating watershed‐scale transpiration using estimates of Gs derived from measurements...
The United States is one of the wealthiest countries in the world, yet accessing enough healthy, fresh food to meet basic nutritional needs is a critical issue faced by millions of Americans. There are a number of reasons for food insecurity in the United States, the primary causes being lack...
Many Gram-negative bacteria use a type III secretion system (T3SS) to establish associations with their hosts. The T3SS is a conduit for direct injection of type-III effector proteins into host cells, where they manipulate the host for the benefit of the infecting bacterium. For plant-associated pathogens, the variations in number...
We present molybdenum isotope and concentration data from 14 sites in the eastern Pacific from the
central California to the Peru margin. The environments studied have been chosen to represent a broad
range in oxidation-reduction (redox) potential, which provide a framework for the behavior of this redox-sensitive
element. Manganese-rich hemipelagic...
We analyzed 7 years (2002–2008) of micrometeorological and concurrent biological
observations of carbon and water fluxes at a mature ponderosa pine forest in central
Oregon in a semiarid climate. We sought to evaluate the extent that gross primary
productivity, net ecosystem exchange, ecosystem respiration, net primary productivity, net
ecosystem productivity,...
Davidson Seamount, a volcano located about 80 km off the central California coast, has a volume of
~320 km³ and consists of a series of parallel ridges serrated with steep cones. Davidson was sampled and
its morphology observed during 27 ROV Tiburon dives. During those dives, 286 samples of lava,...
• There are two optima for maximizing hydraulic conductance per vasculature volume in plants. Murray's law (ML) predicts the optimal conduit taper for a fixed change in conduit number across branch ranks. The opposite, the Yarrum optimum (YO), predicts the optimal change in conduit number for a fixed taper.
•...
The Oregon Multicultural Archives (OMA) investigation team from the Research and Innovative Services Department was charged with exploring the future directions of this program. Team members make recommendations about future actions including effective ways to engage internal and external stakeholders based on website and literature review findings.
Measurements of suspended sediment concentration, velocity, salinity, and turbulent
microscale shear in the near-field region of the Columbia River plume are used to investigate
the mechanisms of sediment resuspension and entrainment into the plume. An east-west
transect was occupied during spring and neap tide periods in August 2005 and May...
The initial composition of a river plume depends on the cumulative turbulent
entrainment within the estuary and how this dilutes the supplied freshwater. Here we
examine the relative roles of turbulence and freshwater input using observations from the
Columbia River estuary and plume during two periods with contrasting river flow....
The dynamics of vorticity motions forced by wave groups incident on an
alongshore-uniform barred beach are analyzed. For both normally and obliquely incident
wave groups, the potential vorticity and enstrophy equations reveal that the temporal
variability of wave group–forced vortices is directly linked to the variability in the
incoming wave...
The Oregon Coastal Transition Zone (OCTZ) extends several hundred
kilometers offshore where shelf flows interact with the northern California Current. A
primitive-equation numerical ocean model is used to study the upwelling circulation in this
region from 1 May to 1 November 2001. This OCTZ model obtains initial and boundary
conditions...
Despite a recent decline, during the past decade there has been a dramatic increase in sales
and permit registrations for off-highway vehicles (OHVs) in Oregon. These vehicles include
quads and three-wheel ATVs (Class I), dune buggies, sand rails, and 4x4 vehicles (Class II),
and off-highway motorcycles (Class III). This report...
We present observations from deployments of a microstructure turbulence instrument
(the Towed Microstructure and Auxiliary Sensor Instrument) aboard a pumping profiling
vehicle (the Lamont Pumping SeaSoar) towed behind a research vessel at the New
England shelf break front in August 2002. From these we determined coincident fine-scale
vertical eddy diffusivity...
We developed a multiple linear regression model to
robustly determine aragonite saturation state (Ωarag) from
observations of temperature and oxygen (R² = 0.987, RMS
error 0.053), using data collected in the Pacific Northwest
region in late May 2007. The seasonal evolution of Ωarag near
central Oregon was evaluated by applying...
Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) Expedition 316 Sites C0006 and C0007 examined the
deformation front of the Nankai accretionary prism offshore the Kii Peninsula, Japan. In the drilling area,
the frontal thrust shows unusual behavior as compared to other regions of the Nankai Trough. Drilling
results, integrated with observations from...
This project is investigating whether low rate (goal: one pound per acre) early fall Contans applications to flailed diseased residues left on the soil surface can increase Cm inoculum and reduce Ss sclerotial viability.
Nitrogen use varies dramatically among crops. Short season crops with relatively small
biomass accumulation will not need as much nitrogen for growth as long season corn varieties
that develop a large canopy. The recent introduction of sweet corn hybrids that tolerate root rot
may reduce N fertilizer need. Hybrids such...
Objectives for 2009:
1. Evaluate ascospore detection of S. sclerotiorum using multiple Rotorod spore traps.
2. Monitor environmental conditions within bean fields to begin model development of ascospore detection events.
The VegNet regional pest monitoring program sponsored by the Oregon Processed Vegetable Commission has been fruitful.The program has, on occasion,saved growers money by providing
growers and agricultural professionals with early warnings
of insect pest outbreaks. The combination of regional pest
monitoring plus field scouting has allowed growers, in some cases,...
Energy input comparisons between tillage systems; evaluation of the value of legumes as part of a cover crop mixture used in strip-till sweet corn production; evaluation of the nitrogen contribution of legume-based cover crops to organic vegetable production.
Objective 1: Evaluate sweet corn inbred germplasm for colonization of silks by Fusarium species and subsequent seed infection/contamination.
Objective 2: Evaluate biological applications to silks and subsequent Fusarium presence in ears.
Objective 3: Evaluate seed disinfestation and location of remaining Fusarium on or in seed.
Objective 4: Examine the yield...
Though the data from the Research Evaluation does show how the new lines are doing and which crosses are the most promising, the low number of evaluators does not lead to statistically significant analysis of the results.
Objectives:
Develop broccoli varieties adapted to western Oregon with suitable quality, high yields, and disease resistance. Specific traits include:
Early to midseason maturity
Concentrated yield potential
Head rot and downy mildew resistance
Large openly branched heads that are well exserted and have clean stems for easy trimming and separation into...
Objectives:
Breed improved Bush Blue Lake green bean varieties with:
a. White and gray mold resistance
b. Improved plant architecture
c. High economic yield
d. Improved pod quality (including straightness, color, smoothness, texture, flavor and quality retention, and delayed seed size development)
e. Tolerance to abiotic stresses
Improve seed quality...
This is a redacted version of a two-week investigation of academic libraries offering "24/7" services within the Greater Western Library Alliance (GWLA). It was undertaken to better inform Oregon State University Libraries (OSUL) administration of the staffing, security and costs associated with providing such a service. OSUL undertook a pilot...
We investigate the freshwater composition of the shelf
and slope of the Arctic Ocean north of the New Siberian
Islands using geochemical tracer data (δ¹⁸O, Ba, and PO₄*)
collected following the extreme summer of 2007. We find
that the anomalous wind patterns that partly explained the sea
ice minimum at...
Monitoring the sources and fate of freshwater in the
East Greenland Current (EGC) is important, as this water
has the potential to suppress deep convection in the Nordic
and Labrador Seas if the outflow of freshwater from the
Arctic Ocean increases in response to climate change. Here,
hydrographic, oxygen isotope...
CERM Poster 2009.
To determine if diet affects the growth rate of juvenile ling cod, we began with three initial objectives: 1) Record the growth rates of juvenile lingcod on different diets (squid and sardine); 2) Determine if hemocyanin will cause lingcod skin and muscle pigmentation will take on a...
This thesis consists of an autoethnography of a sexual assault survivor written using poems, journal entries, annotations, photographs and song lyrics. The ethnography is a chronological record of feelings the author experienced during the day prior to the attack and emotions she navigated during the year and a half after...
Many cranberry growers on the Oregon coast are well aware that good pollination is necessary for quality fruit set. Multiple
visits to the flower deliver more pollen, which can increase the percentage fruit set, number of seeds per berry, and mature
berry weight. The better a bee is at delivering...
The northern California Current System is impacted by two primary freshwater
sources: the Strait of Juan de Fuca and the Columbia River. The Columbia is frequently
bidirectional in summer, with branches both north and south of the river mouth
simultaneously. We describe the interaction of these two warm Columbia plumes...
In north and central California, equatorward winds drive equatorward flows
and the upwelling of cold dense water over the shelf during the midspring and summer
upwelling season. When the winds temporarily weaken, the upwelling flows between
Point Reyes and Point Arena ‘‘relax,’’ becoming strongly poleward over the shelf.
Analytical and...
Realistic hindcast of the Columbia River estuarine-plume-shelf circulation in summer
2004 using the Regional Ocean Modeling System nested within the Navy Coastal Ocean
Model (NCOM) is quantitatively evaluated with an extensive set of observations. The
model has about equal skill at tidal and subtidal properties. Tidal circulation and water
properties...
The biosonar system of dolphins and porpoises has been studied for about 5 decades and much has
been learned [Au,W.W. L. )1993). The Sonar of Dolphins (Springer, New York)]. Most experiments
have involved human-made targets; little is known about odontocetes’ echolocation of prey. To
address this issue, acoustic backscatter from...
The rural two-lane highway in the southeastern United States is frequently associated with a disproportionate number of serious and fatal crashes. The major research objectives are to investigate the relations between probabilities of fatal crash type occurrence and potential contributing factors from road geometric design characteristics and roadside, environmental features....