The slow β relaxation is understood to be a universal feature of glassy dynamics. Its presence in bulk metallic
glasses (BMGs) is evidence of a broad relaxation time spectrum that extends to deep within the glassy state.
Despite the breadth of research devoted to this phenomenon, its microscopic origin is...
We report vibrational information of both the first electronically excited state and the ground
cationic state of jet-cooled triphenylene via the techniques of resonantly enhanced multiphoton
ionization (REMPI) and zero kinetic energy (ZEKE) photoelectron spectroscopy. The first excited
electronic state S₁ of the neutral molecule is of A₁' symmetry and...
The zebrafish (Danio rerio) is emerging as a new important species for studying brain mechanisms and its deficits. Focusing on selected CNS disorders (brain cancer, epilepsy and anxiety) and using them as examples, we discuss the value of zebrafish models in translational neuroscience, and their contribution to neuroimaging, circuit-level and...
We studied the reliability and validity of the Columbia Suicide Severity Scale (C-SSRS).
Severely delinquent adolescent girls (n = 166) participated in a treatment trial and repeated
assessments over time. Lifetime suicide attempt history was measured using the C-SSRS in early
adulthood (n = 144; 7–12 years post-baseline). Nonclinician raters...
How do you test a program when only a single user, with no expertise in software testing, is able to determine if the
program is performing correctly? Such programs are common today in the form of machine-learned classifiers. We consider the
problem of testing this common kind of machine-generated program...
The protein palmitoylation cycle has been shown to be important for protein signaling and synaptic plasticity. Data from our lab showed a change in the palmitoylation status of certain proteins with age. A greater percentage of the NMDA receptor subunits GluN2A and GluN2B, along with Fyn and PSD95 proteins, were...
A novel patterning technique that creates magnetization patterns in a continuous magnetostrictive
film with surface acoustic waves is demonstrated. Patterns of 10 μm wide stripes of alternating
magnetization and a 3 μm dot of reversed magnetization are written using standing and focusing
acoustic waves, respectively. The magnetization pattern is size-tunable,...
BACKGROUND: Workers onboard freezer-trawl (FT) and freezer-longline (FL) vessels in Alaska may be at high risk for fatal and non-fatal injuries. METHODS: Traumatic occupational injuries onboard vessels in the FT and FL fleets were identified through two government data sources. RESULTS: The annual risk of fatal injuries was 125 per...
A compact, low-cost, wireless gamma-ray spectrometer is a tool sought by a number of different organizations in the field of radiation detection. Such a device has applications in emergency response, battlefield assessment, and personal dosimetry. A prototype device fitting this description has been constructed in the Advanced Radiation Instrumentation Laboratory...
Substantial investments in fuel management activities on national forests in the western US are part of a national strategy to reduce human and ecological losses from catastrophic wildfire and create fire resilient landscapes. Prioritizing these investments within and among national forests remains a challenge, partly because a comprehensive assessment that...
We examine the contribution of when-issued trading to price discovery and underpricing in the Indian IPO market. Besides the when-issued trading, there exists IPO grading, analyst recommendation, group affiliation, and the subscription rates in the bookbuilding process. We examine the impact of these activities and find three sequential factors that...
Many behaviors and substances have been purported to induce labor. Using data from the Third Pregnancy,
Infection, and Nutrition cohort, we focus on 663 women who experienced spontaneous labor. Of
the women who reported a specific labor trigger, 32% reported physical activity (usually walking), 24% a
clinician-mediated trigger, 19% a...
In a previous article, Beschta et al. (Environ
Manag 51(2):474–491, 2013) argue that grazing by large
ungulates (both native and domestic) should be eliminated
or greatly reduced on western public lands to reduce
potential climate change impacts. The authors did not
present a balanced synthesis of the scientific literature, and...
A study was conducted in western Oregon to assess the impact of cultivar and weed management strategy on accumulation and loss of plant biomass and nutrients during the first 3 years of establishment when using organic fertilizer. The study was conducted in trailing blackberry (Rubus L. subgenus Rubus Watson) planted...
Springs in arid lands provide critical habitat for a variety of species and functions to humans, yet the ecology and management needs of springs to maintain these values are poorly understood. To examine plant communities along spring watercourse-upland gradients, we sampled 12 springs at low (desert) and high (forest) elevations...
We assessed the effects of porosity and hydrophobicity on water uptake by biochars.
Biochars were produced from two feedstocks (hazelnut shells and Douglas fir chips) at
three production temperatures (370°C, 500°C, and 620°C). To distinguish the effects of
porosity from the effects of hydrophobicity, we compared uptake of water to...
According to the “social intelligence hypothesis,” species with complex social interactions have
more sophisticated communication systems. Giant otters (Pteronura brasiliensis) live in groups
with complex social interactions. It is likely that the vocal communication of giant otters is more
sophisticated than previous studies suggest. The objectives of the current study...
In organizational management, researchers and managers study separations or faultlines that occur in diverse teams when members
form subgroups based on the alignment of multiple demographic characteristics. The team faultline concept is operationalized
using multivariate cluster analysis—analysts use faultline measures to identify subgroups/clusters in a team and to quantify how...
Viruses were defined as one of the two principal types of organisms
in the biosphere, namely, as capsid-encoding organisms in
contrast to ribosome-encoding organisms, i.e., all cellular life
forms. Structurally similar, apparently homologous capsids are
present in a huge variety of icosahedral viruses that infect bacteria,
archaea, and eukaryotes. These...
We show that the vegetation canopy of the Amazon rainforest is
highly sensitive to changes in precipitation patterns and that
reduction in rainfall since 2000 has diminished vegetation greenness
across large parts of Amazonia. Large-scale directional
declines in vegetation greenness may indicate decreases in carbon
uptake and substantial changes in...
We compared uropathogen antibiotic susceptibility across age groups of ambulatory
pediatric patients. For Escherichia coli (n=5,099) and other Gram-negative rods (n=626), significant
differences (p<0.05) existed across age groups for ampicillin, cefazolin, and
trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole susceptibility. In E. coli, differences in
trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole susceptibility varied from 79% in children under 2 to 88%...
BACKGROUND: A substantial proportion of the general population has low lung function, and lung function is known to decrease as we age. Low lung function is a feature of several pulmonary disorders, such as uncontrolled asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The objective of this study is to investigate...
We consider solutions to the two-dimensional incompressible Navier-Stokes and Euler equations for which velocity and vorticity are bounded in the plane. We show that for every T > 0, the Navier-Stokes velocity converges in L∞([0,T]; L∞(R²)) as viscosity approaches 0 to the Euler velocity generated from the same initial data....
Greater sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus; sage-grouse) are highly susceptible to infection with West Nile virus (WNV), with substantial mortality reported in wild populations and in experimentally infected birds. Although sage-grouse are hunted throughout much of their range, they have also recently been considered for protection under the Endangered Species Act. We...
OBJECTIVE: To test a theory-driven model of health behavior to predict the illicit use of
prescription stimulants (IUPS) among college students. PARTICIPANTS: A probability sample of
554 students from one university located in California (response rate = 90.52%).
METHODS: Students completed a paper-based survey developed with guidance from the Theory...
Pacific Lamprey Entosphenus tridentatus has declined across its range along the West Coast of North America,
and an understanding of all life history phases is needed to address population recovery. Spawning surveys (redd
counts) are common tools currently used to monitor returning adult salmonids, but such methodologies are in their...
Connectivity models using empirically-derived
landscape resistance maps can predict potential
linkages among fragmented animal and plant populations.
However, such models have rarely been used to
guide systematic decision-making, such as identifying
the most important habitat patches and dispersal corridors
to protect or restore in order to maximize regional
connectivity. Combining...
Improved monitoring of forest biomass and biomass change is needed to quantify natural and anthropogenic effects on the terrestrial carbon cycle. Landsat's temporal and spatial coverage, moderate spatial resolution, and long history of earth observations provide a unique opportunity for characterizing vegetation changes across large areas and long time scales....
Spatiotemporal planning involves making choices at multiple locations in space over some planning horizon to maximize utility and satisfy various constraints. In Forest Ecosystem Management, the problem is to choose actions for thousands of locations each year including harvesting, treating trees for fire or pests, or doing nothing. The utility...
Parasites and pathogens influence the size and stability of wildlife populations, yet many population models ignore
the population-level effects of pathogens. Standard survival analysis methods (e.g., accelerated failure time models)
are used to assess how survival rates are influenced by disease. However, they assume that each individual is equally
susceptible...
Low-frequency acoustic signals generated by baleen whales can
propagate over vast distances, making the assignment of calls to
specific individuals problematic. Here, we report the novel use of
acoustic recording tags equipped with high-resolution accelerometers
to detect vibrations from the surface of two tagged fin whales that
directly match the...
Studies were conducted to assess glacial acetic acid (GAA) with various host plant volatiles (HPVs) and the sex pheromone, (E,E)-8, 10-dodecadien-1-ol, of codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L), as lures in traps for tortricid pests that often co-occur in tree fruits in the western United States. In addition to codling moth,...
Managing weak stocks in mixed-stock fisheries often relies on proxies derived from data-rich indicator stocks, although there have been limited tests of the appropriateness of such proxies. For example, full cohort reconstruction of tagged Klamath River fall-run Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha of northern California enables the use of detailed models...
Declining abundance of Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha across the Pacific Northwest is an issue of great concern ecologically, culturally, and economically. Growth during the first summer is vitally important for juvenile Chinook Salmon, as it influences not only life history decisions (to smolt or not to smolt) but also subsequent...
BACKGROUND: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) and hyperuricemia often coexist and both conditions are increasing in prevalence in the U.S., although their shared role on cardiovascular risk remains highly debated.
STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional and longitudinal
SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: Participants in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 1988 to...
Zebrafish are a powerful model organism to study disease. Like other animal models, Danio rerio colonies are at risk of pathogenic infection. Microsporidia, a group of intracellular fungus-like parasites, are one potential threat. Microsporidian spores germinate and spread causing pathological changes in the central nervous system, skeletal muscle, and other...
The 2014 Working Group on California Earthquake Probabilities
(WGCEP14) present the time-independent component of the Uniform California
Earthquake Rupture Forecast, Version 3 (UCERF3), which provides authoritative
estimates of the magnitude, location, and time-averaged frequency of potentially
damaging earthquakes in California. The primary achievements have been to relax
fault segmentation and...
Piñon (Pinus spp.) and juniper (Juniperus spp.) trees are reduced to restore native vegetation and avoid severe fires where they have expanded into sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata Nutt.) communities. However, what phase of tree infilling should treatments target to retain desirable understory cover and avoid weed dominance? Prescribed fire and tree...
In environmental management, companies must respond to myriad needs and pressures from
stakeholders such as buyers, regulators, communities and NGOs. While researchers recognize
that these stakeholder entities have different saliency and influences over a focal firm, the
influences from multiple stakeholders are often aggregated as a single factor, overlooking
differences...
This study reviews the experience of cooperation in five international river basins, focusing on the perceptions of risks and opportunities by country decision makers responding to a specific prospect of cooperation, and the effects of risk reduction and opportunity enhancement on the cooperation process. We explore the following five categories...
A novel method of copper indium diselenide nanoparticle
(CuInSe₂ NP) synthesis using a two-step, continuous flow,
solar microreactor is reported here. This method allows for
exceedingly fast heating and short reaction times using only
radiative heat transfer from simulated, concentrated solar
radiation. Chalcopyrite and sphalerite CuInSe₂ phases have
both been...
Peroxiredoxins (Prxs) make up an ancient family of enzymes that are the predominant peroxidases for nearly all organisms and play essential roles in reducing hydrogen peroxide, organic hydroperoxides, and peroxynitrite. Even between distantly related organisms, the core protein fold and key catalytic residues related to its cysteine-based catalytic mechanism have...
The discovery of a brilliant-blue color upon the introduction of Mn³⁺
to the trigonal-bipyramidal (TBP) sites in YInO₃ has led to a search for other hosts
for Mn³⁺ in TBP coordination. An obvious choice would be YAlO₃. This compound,
which has only been prepared through a citrate precursor route, has...
Loss of native vegetation cover is thought to be a major driver of declines in pollination success worldwide. However, it is not well known whether reducing the fragmentation of remaining vegetation can ameliorate these negative effects. We tested the independent effects of composition vs. configuration on the reproductive success of...
Through application of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) stable isotope analyses, we investigated the benthic trophic structure of
the upper-slope off southern Chile (~45°S) including a recent methane seep area discovered as part of this study. The observed
fauna comprised 53 invertebrates and seven fish taxa, including remains of chemosymbiotic...
We used serology and muscle digestion to test black bears (Ursus americanus) from western Oregon, USA, for Trichinella. Results indicate black bears in Oregon are not part of a sylvatic cycle for Trichinella, and risk of human exposure to Trichinella larvae from eating black bear meat from Oregon appears low.
Observations show abrupt changes in the oceanic circulation of the southwestern Atlantic. These
studies report a southward drift of the Brazil/Malvinas Confluence (BMC) and a change in the spectral
characteristics of the Malvinas Current (MC) transport. We address the cause of these changes using the result
of a high-resolution numerical...
Swiss needle cast (SNC) is a fungal disease of Douglas-fir
(Pseudotsuga menziesii) that has recently become prevalent
in coastal areas of the Pacific Northwest. We used growth
measurements and stable isotopes of carbon and oxygen in
tree-rings of Douglas-fir and a non-susceptible reference
species (western hemlock, Tsuga heterophylla) to evaluate...
Many endemic species, particularly those on
remote islands, have been driven to extinction or near extinction
by anthropogenic influences. The short-tailed albatross
Phoebastria albatrus once numbered in the millions
but was thought to be extinct by the mid 20th century.
Albatrosses, of the family Diomedeidae, are among the most
threatened...
In this article we consider the current educational needs for science and policy in marine resource management, and we propose a way to address them. The existing literature on cross-disciplinary education in response to pressing environmental problems is vast, particularly in conservation biology. However, actual changes in doctoral-level marine science...