Proceedings of the Eighteenth Biennial Conference of the International Institute of Fisheries Economics and Trade, held July 11-15, 2016 at Aberdeen Exhibition and Conference Center (AECC), Aberdeen, Scotland, UK.
Despite an extensive literature on food-sharing, little attention has been given to the practice in the context of fish harvesting and consumption. We examine it as a possible, almost inadvertent, source of fishery management and we examine its role in trade. Our model is a simple general-equilibrium model of a small costal economy...
Given the complex and often opaque nature of seafood supply chains, port cities can serve as checkpoints within supply chains to address illegal, unreported, and unregulated (IUU) seafood commodities. Harmonized systems (HS) codes are used at port cities by customs officials to monitor commerce. Concern about IUU activity in capture...
The study examined Fish Value Chain (FVC) in Yola area of Adamawa state, Nigeria. Primary data were collected using questionnaire and were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The results showed that female dominate the fish marketing and processing nodes with 79% and 62% respectively while male (77%) dominate the...
In 2014, developing countries were responsible for 56.5% of total value of seafood imported by the EU; however, their import value only grew 56% relative to 1999. During the same period, China, gained over 300% growth in this market. The EU’s General System of Preferences (GSP) scheme provides duty-free or...
The Gulf of Alaska and Bering Sea pollock fisheries in the U.S. were certified by the Marine Stewardship Council (MSC) in February 2005, yet to date little other than anecdotal evidence exists to suggest whether products from these fisheries have gained market benefits relative to uncertified pollock from, for example,...
In the European market for fish European producers compete with international imports which often can be produced at lower costs. That is why imports of fish are gaining market shares and an economically sustainable production of fish in Europe is frequently questioned. When aiming at increasing European production, consumers play...
Price formation of fish in landing market was studied in Japan to examine price discounts of fish species regularly landed in small quantity. It is often told that buyers tend to offer low bidding prices for fish which have small landing amount in a day because handling and shipping costs...
Recently, several studies have investigated price behaviors of aquaculture and wild fisheries products and related the differences in price fluctuations to production technology, and environmental shocks. Researchers have also documented the evidence of asymmetric price responses along the supply chain of seafood products; however, a feature that has received little...
Economic assessment data in agricultural systems at farm level require a substantial methodology in order to assure result reliability. This paper aims to evaluate the effectiveness of a participatory approach which is being used by the Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Embrapa) in aquaculture. This methodology consists in gathering technical parameters,...
Brazilian aquaculture is undergoing major transformations which have been changing the whole structure of this sector. Except for the shrimp farming industry - which for years already has a high technology production structure - the majority of the Brazilian aquaculture had been characterized for small producers and low level of...
This paper explores, using an historical example, the challenges that small island economies face when they are heavily invested in one or two productive sectors, and where they have had privileged historical access to the resources that underpin those sectors, and suddenly that access is removed or reduced. The Islands...
Commercial fisheries rationalization has promoted economic benefits and accountability to annual catch limits, but most recreational fisheries are managed under regulated open access with relatively poor catch accounting, short and unpredictable seasons, and persistent overharvests. For many mixed-used fish species, recreational fishing represents over half of total fishing mortality. Yet...
Gulf of Mexico oyster safety is a significant health issue, ranking as the fourth leading cause of foodborne death in the United States. Seafood traceability is an approach that can be used to increase oyster safety. Traceability is the ability to follow seafood through all stages of production, processing and...
We develop a theoretical model to address the effects of different market structures on the ex-vessel prices and consequently how this would impact the risk-sharing mechanism for harvesters and processors in fisheries. We focus our research on two market structures, price-at-landing (PL) and post-season pricing (PS). PL market structure is...
The paper devises an integrated ecological–economics–social model to assess the implementation of ecosystem-based fisheries management in the Pearl River Estuary (PRE) in the South China Sea (SCS). In particular, this paper presents the development of an integrated model, which links a regional economics social accounting matrix (SAM) model to an ecological...
The parrotfish and lobster fisheries play important ecological functions. Besides the ecological functions, the fisheries are important market assets exploited for food and income and cater for different markets. Because of the differences in the value of the two fisheries, competitive strategies employed by fishers and traders and the implications...
The positions of Japan and Australia have been in sharp contrast over whaling; Japan seeks to expand whaling and is not concerned about protecting whales while Australia attempts to halt whaling and strengthen whale conservation. In this study, we hypothesize that this sparked difference reflects different levels of willingness to...
An international conflict between pro- and anti-whaling countries has been a concern. While many Western countries condemn whaling, Japan conducts ‘research whaling’ under the special permission of the International Whaling Commission (IWC) along with Norway and Iceland, who also engage in commercial whaling. Especially Japan and Australia have been divided...
In order for the fisheries to recover from the Fukushima Disaster, we investigated that how much the Japanese consumers are willing to pay (WTP) for seafood caught in Fukushima and the adjacent regions. Since market data of Fukushima seafood are not available, we conducted hypothetical survey (conjoint analysis) to measure...
Demand for unshelled oysters has recently risen in Japan as oyster bars gain popularity among consumers. This study undertook consumer preference research to evaluate a new brand of unspawned oysters, Amakoro, compared with conventional oysters. We surveyed the willingness-to-pay (WTP) for both oyster types as well as consumers evaluation of...
Aquaculture has been identified term in the European Union Blue Growth strategy as an activity with high growth potential in the long term. The supply and demand of farmed salmon have been steadily growing in the EU. However, most of the salmon is imported to EU from Norway, while the...
This work reports on the implications of an extreme climatic event among owners of fishing grounds in the spiny lobster (Panulirus argus) fishery of Punta Allen, Mexico. This MSC certified small-scale fishery is co-managed through Territorial User Rights. Members of the fishing cooperative, have exclusive access to individual fishing grounds...
Future changes in Arctic marine ecosystems will depend as much on global climate change as on our ability to regulate and manage exploitation pressure at sustainable levels. There is a lack of integrated, cross-sectoral ecosystem-based analysis of the Arctic marine management. The analysis is on both the choices for implementing...
Around the world, there are numerous examples of collaborative science -industry partnerships, which provide a bottom up approach to trawl gear development. Many have had better success in implementing selective gears as opposed to a top down approach where selective gears are enforced into legislation. On the other hand, such...
Each year, over 20,000 metric tons of tuna are supplied to the Japanese market, of which 40% are caught by domestic vessels. Although the Japanese tuna market is large, little is known about the supply chain and the Japanese tuna fisheries’ behaviors. In this study, we investigate how Bluefin tuna...
This paper studies whether and under what circumstances, individual fishing decisions in aggregate match the maximum economic yield (MEY) or maximum sustainable yield (MSY) of a fishery. Under experimental economic conditions we provided participants a fleet of boats with a constant marginal cost and a non-linear revenue function. We explore...
The vulnerability approach is an analytical framework used to assess the impacts caused by changes in socio-ecosystems that are often linked to large external natural events. The vulnerability approach is mobilized by the sciences that deal with the management of environmental risks with the aim to determine the conditions allowing...
Individual Transferable catch-Quotas (ITQs) have become a popular management tool to reduce excess competition and foster economic efficiency in marine commercial fisheries. They have increasingly been used in more complex multispecies fisheries, where the by-catch of non-targeted species is common. In these fisheries, the reduction of discards is also being...
We present a positive mathematical programming model (PMP) for Hawaii's longline fishing fleet with the aim of examining the outcome of specific fishery policies. This model expands an earlier model which developed a generalized adaptation of the PMP framework to study fisheries. The current model provides managers with a realistic...
A two-species bioeconomic model is analyzed, but in contrast to most similar models, there is no biological interaction between the species, only economic. The interaction takes place in the market where the quantity of either species may affect the price of the other. Both the sole-owner and the open access...
The Northwest Fisheries Science Center has been collecting cost earnings data since 2003. The Center economists survey all commercial fishing vessels on the West Coast of the United States from San Diego, CA to Blaine, WA. These vessels range in size from less than 40 feet to more than 300...
Choices are often limited as the most popular alternatives reach capacity and sell out; thereafter, selection is over less preferred choices. In the context of nonmarket goods, willingness to pay (WTP) welfare measures provide an estimate of the value of characteristics – often calculated through the modeling of preferences using...
The industry owned trawlers land-lock obligation, originally intended to ensure both greater seasonal distribution of raw material as well as settlement in coastal communities, functions poorly and is being put under pressure. This is due to national and global trends in economics and politics, technological change and changing market conditions....
We develop a model of a multinational firm producing commodities for a global market in multiple locations with location-specific risks and different regulatory standards. Salmon aquaculture and disease outbreaks provide an empirically relevant example. We specifically examine details of the infectious salmon anemia outbreak in Chile in the late 2000s,...
In this paper an unregulated, but not open-access, fishery is studied and it is analyzed how more modern fishing technology may be a mixed blessing not only for the fish abundance, but also for the rent. The model is formulated in section two where it is included a strategic interaction...
The spatio-temporal overlap of morphologically undistinguishable weak and healthy stocks is a major concern for the Pacific Northwest troll Chinook salmon fishery. Regular fishery closures have led to major financial losses calling for alternative regulatory measures. One approach for such complex and pressing socio-ecological challenges is the transition towards transdisciplinary...
Climate change and continued fishing pressure threaten to increase recruitment variability for many wild stocks. Additionally, as many seafood markets are now integrated nationally and globally, individual fisheries may be less insulated from broad macroeconomic shocks. Large inter-annual shifts in fisheries production may have dramatic consequences for economically dependent industries...
Spatial closures are a prominent tool for ecosystem-based management in commercial fisheries. The potential benefits of spatial closures in commercial fisheries have been discussed thoroughly in the literature; however, empirical estimates of the potential short-run costs incurred by the commercial fishing industry are relatively scarce. Spatial closures constrain the ability...
Different user groups have different stakes in fisheries. The societal challenge is that, exploiting the same fish stock, or ecologically interacting stocks, recreational and customary fishermen interact with a continuum of commercial fishermen, ranging from very small-scale and part-time artisanal fishermen to large-scale fishing firms. In this paper we develop...
This year marks the thirtieth anniversary of the introduction of New Zealand’s QMS. Over that time the system has evolved into a complex management system. Our fisheries management system is considered world-leading and scientific assessments show that overall our fisheries are sustainably managed and New Zealand is in a strong...
Scholars of natural resource systems increasingly refer to ‘governance’ as a crucial steering activity for sustainable management of natural resources. It is now common practice to speak of ‘ocean governance’, ‘coastal governance’, and ‘fisheries governance’. Within governance, sustainability and decentralization are two major factors that underpin the success of governance...
The success of fishery management ultimately depends on the approach of implementation. Past fishery management has relied largely on technical regulations. Examples for such command-and-control measures include detailed gear prescriptions, restrictions on the days-at-sea spent fishing and vessel capacity, and minimum landing sizes. Resource economists have argued in favor of...
When climate change alters the distribution of fish stocks, stocks that were previously owned by a single country can suddenly become shared between countries. Current models predict that in such cases, if no agreement on management is formed, stocks may be severely depleted. A similar problem arises when a new...
The U.S. NOAA Northwest Fisheries Science Center has developed an online tool using the R package ‘Shiny' for the dissemination of data to the public (which is required under the NOAA plan for Public Access to Research Results (PARR)). However, the online application is very flexible and is useful to...
Fishing is the most dangerous job in the United States. When fisheries management creates the incentive to "race for fish", a fishing season can be reduced to only a few days and involve around-the-clock fishing in life-threatening weather conditions. Overloaded vessels, ignoring maintenance problems on vessels, and fishing in dangerous...
In the present paper we study effect of information uncertainty on efficiency of multispecies fishery contracts, when private harvesting costs are uncertain. A static game between a principal and two fishing fleets is considered, when fishermen are completely selective about allocation of their harvesting efforts between the commercial and non-commercial...
Fisheries in Queensland, and elsewhere, are coming under increased pressure from other potential resource users for access to the resources. These include the fish resource itself (i.e. by recreational fishers), as well as encroachment on the area of the fishery through conservation based closures and onshore activities (e.g. port development)...
The Australian federal fisheries policy identifies maximising net economic returns as the primary objective of fisheries management. This has largely been interpreted as maximising the net economic yield (MEY) in fisheries. For multispecies fisheries, this has been based on maximising the net present value of total profit in the fishery...
Many of the world’s most valuable fisheries involve highly migratory stocks that cross national jurisdictions. These same fisheries face severe threats from direct overfishing or excessive bycatch. Traditional input and/or output controls generally have been costly and ineffective. Incentive-based programs that provide tradable shares in an annual total allowable catch...