This study examines the relative efficacies of the specific and non-specific
factors in psychotherapy. Psychotherapy is conceptualized as
having three common components: the problem component whose essence is
low self-esteem; the interactional component which induces change through
social influence; and the treatment component which elicits change through
therapeutic techniques. The...
Diets and foraging strategies of Glaucous-winged Gulls were
studied in areas with and without sea otters in the western Aleutian
Islands, Alaska. Gulls foraged on invertebrates (e.g., sea urchins,
limpets, chitons, mussels, and others) in the rocky intertidal
community and on fish at sea; this study was conducted on gulls...