Mutualistic associations between cnidarians, such as corals, and photosynthetic
dinoflagellate algae provide the trophic and structural foundation of coral reef
ecosystems. In many cases, this intracellular mutualism is highly specific and must be
established anew for each generation of host corals. The ability to maintain partner
specificity across generations implies...
Fluorinated chemicals (FCs) have been used since the 1950s in many industrial and commercial applications because of their unique properties such as chemical inertness, resistance to heat and their ability to repel water and oils. Concerns regarding potential environmental or human health risk from FCs exposure have emerged due to...
An automated method, requiring the fabrication of a small set of test structures, efficiently extracts the coefficients of Z-parameter based macromodels. The extraction approach has been validated for both heavily and lightly doped substrates and can be applied to a variety of technologies. After the parameters of a macromodel have...