The Oregon Department of Transportation (ODOT) standard specifications require a minimum density for the construction of dense-graded hot mix asphalt (HMA) pavements. Currently, the standard specifications call for density measurements for quality control (QC) and quality assurance (QA) testing to be made using nuclear density gauges that are calibrated using...
Non-destructive testing methods and applications have become of increasing interest due to the worldwide aging and deteriorating infrastructure network. In the field of Civil Engineering, bridges and bridge components as well as non-structural elements such as roadway pavements for example, are affected. In particular, the Acoustic Emission (AE) technique offers...
Low levels of copper have been shown to impair the olfactory system of threatened and
endangered (T&E) salmon, decreasing their predator avoidance behavior and likely
increasing mortality. However, only dissolved copper (dissCu) present as the cupric ion
(Cu2+) and weakly complexed species are truly bioavailable. Previous studies indicate the
vast...