We determined pore fluid rare earth element (REE) concentrations in near-surface sediments retrieved from the continental margin off Oregon and California (USA). These sites represent shelf-to-slope settings, which lie above, within, and below the oxygen minimum zone of the Northeast Pacific. The sediments are characterized by varying degrees of net...
Fish consumption rates (e.g., pounds or grams per day (gpd), or meals per week) are used in a variety of regulatory processes such as setting water quality standards. Many tribes still eat more fish than the general public, especially in in areas such as the Columbia River Basin which was...
The distinction between contemporary Native American fish consumption rates and original baseline heritage rates is important as heritage rates have long been recognized as a baseline relevant to the fishing tribes of the Pacific Northwest, and are generally protected by Treaties and case law. This paper reviews two approaches to...
Using a graphene field-effect transistor biosensor, we monitored the pH inside a living biofilm with fast temporal resolution (~ 1 s) over multi-hour time periods. The atomically-thin sensor is positioned between the biofilm and a supporting silicon oxide surface, providing non-invasive access to conditions at the base of the biofilm....
The ubiquity and importance of parasite co-infections in populations of free-living animals is beginning to be recognized, but few studies have demonstrated differential fitness effects of single infection versus co-infection in free-living populations. We investigated interactions between the emerging bacterial disease bovine tuberculosis (BTB) and the previously existing viral disease...
Previous observations suggest that females utilize a more erect initial landing posture than males with sex differences in landing posture possibly related to sex-specific energy absorption (EA) strategies. However, sex-specific EA strategies have only been observed when accompanied by sex differences in initial landing posture. This study: 1) investigated the...
The spin-statistics connection has been proved for nonrelativistic quantum mechanics (Jabs in Found Phys 40:776–792, 2010). The proof is extended here to the relativistic regime using the parametrized Dirac equation. A causality condition is not required.
In multi-instance multi-label (MIML) instance annotation, the goal is to learn an instance classifier while training on a MIML dataset, which consists of bags of instances paired with label sets; instance labels are not provided in the training data. The MIML formulation can be applied in many domains. For example,...
Disability is an emerging field within public health; people with significant disabilities account formore than 12% of the US population. Disparity status for this group would allow federal and state governments to actively work to reduce inequities. We summarize the evidence and recommend that observed differences are sufficient to meet...
Deterministic numerical models for tsunami inundation provide the most accurate means for estimating tsunami run-up when the bathymetry/topography and water level time history at the seaward boundary are well known. However, it is often the case that there is uncertainty in both the bathymetry/topography and water level at the seaward...