Spotted-wing drosophila (SWD, Drosophila suzukii) is an invasive fruit fly species native of Southeast Asia. In vineyards, SWD lays eggs in damaged and intact fruit of the most soft-skinned varieties, and feeds on damaged fruits during the harvest period. Feeding and oviposition activities increase the likelihood of vectoring spoilage bacteria,...
The gauge integral is a rather obscure object in mathematics. Like the Riemann integral, it is relatively simple to define, but unlike the Riemann integral, the gauge integral has the ability to integrate a very large class of functions. Here, we provide a development of the gauge integral at an...
Clear and unbiased question wording is important to obtaining consistent and accurate survey results. However, if the goal is not to obtain accurate results but instead to obtain a specific result, then altering question wording may be effective. To examine this possibility, we created a survey with 9 different versions...
Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) can be used as markers to infer population genetic structure. For Mycoplasma cynos, a pathogen associated with infectious respiratory disease among canines and other animals, SNPs may help to elucidate ecological and evolutionary relationships among the strains that reside in the upper respiratory tract of canines...
Nanoparticles (NPs), particles defined by their size in a single dimension (1-100 nm), are being increasingly incorporated into commercial and industrial products due to their high surface area to volume ratio that gives them unique properties, such as optical tunability and higher reactivity than their bulk counterparts. NPs can be...
The dynein molecule is a peculiar motor protein recognized for its unique stepping behavior. Sometimes it steps forwards. Other times it steps backwards. It has even been observed to occasionally shuffle by beginning a step with the same domain many times in row. These motions make dynein an interesting object...
Green consumerism is an important issue among marketers due to the prevailing green gap (Tseng, 2016). A consumer’s green gap is the distance between the stated importance of protecting the environment and actual behavior (Tseng, 2016). This study strives to understand factors affecting consumer motivations and decisions related to sustainable...
Seeds are an essential component of plant life histories, and seed endophytes have the potential to influence germination, seedling establishment and development. That said, seed endophytes are a relatively new area of study, both in the factors that influence which taxa are present and how these microbes alter plant function....
According to the U.S. Census Bureau (2017), Latinx people are the fastest growing ethnic group in the nation but are least likely to enroll in institutions of higher education and fewer eventually earn a degree even if enrolled. Enrollment rates for Latinx students with migrant and seasonal farmworker (MSFW) background...
An almost torus manifold $M$ is a closed $(2n+1)$-dimensional orientable Riemannian manifold with an effective, isometric $n$-torus action such that the fixed point set $M^T$ is non-empty. Almost torus manifolds are analogues of torus manifolds in odd dimension and share many of the characteristics of torus manifolds. For example, both...