Pancreatic beta cells produce and release insulin, a vital hormone that regulates blood glucose levels, and their dysfunction contributes to the development of diabetes mellitus. Dietary zinc deficiency and exposure to the toxicant inorganic arsenic have both independently been associated with diabetes, although the effects of their combination on pancreatic...
Amphibian biodiversity is in rapid global decline, due in part to the fungal disease chytridiomycosis, caused by Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd). Susceptibility to Bd and chytridiomycosis varies between species and populations. Skin peptides and symbiotic skin bacteria appear to be important mechanisms of Bd resistance. However, not much is known about...
Isothiocyanates (ITCs) are produced by roots in a variety of agricultural plants, such as those within the Brassicaceae family. ITCs act as fumigants, and are used to control microbial plant pathogens by adding brassica-origin seed meal to soil prior to replanting. However, there is suggestion that the presence of residual...
The purpose of this investigation was to purify and characterize
the autolytic enzyme from cell walls of Bacillus subtilis 168. The
crude enzyme was obtained by autolysis of purified cell walls in
buffer at 37° C. Two purification methods were developed. The first
involved fractional precipitation with ammonium sulfate. The...
Humans and viral disease are inextricably intertwined. Viral disease plays an immeasurable role in human life, from the disease and economic burden associated with every facet of contending with human viral disease, to managing the consequences of viral disease in organisms important to our food supply, economy, and entertainment. The...
The Oregon sockeye salmon virus (OSV) was isolated from
diseased sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) fingerlings in 1958
by J. L. Fryer. Experimentation performed prior to the research
reported herein indicated that the OSV contained essential lipids, was
100 to 300 mμ in size, and possessed RNA (presumptively identified
by 5-bromodeoxyuridine...
Plasma membranes from Saccharomyces cerevisiae were prepared by a new procedure involving lyticase treatment of the yeast cells. The plasma membranes were right-side out, closed vesicles of uniform appearance with a sterol to phospholipid molar ratio of 0.365. The thermotropic behavior of these plasma membranes from wild-type yeast and from...
At a time of rapid global change, a socio-ecological system (SES) approach can provide a framework through which to quantify and communicate the risks and uncertainties of coupled human-natural systems. Islands, and tropical coral reef islands in particular, can be excellent models for SES research since they may be considered...
Diseases caused by parasites are recognized as significant sources of mortality in wild fish populations. I assessed the impacts of multispecies parasitism on a threatened stock of juvenile coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch). A crucial prerequisite to this research was proper identification of parasites, which can be difficult for species lacking...