In the first experiment, estradiol production was measured in cultured embryos collected on Days 7, 9, 11, 13 and 15 post-mating. Estradiol was detected in Day 7 embryos and production increased approximately 50-fold (P<0.05) in medium recovered from Day 13 compared to Day 11 embryos and was greatest (P<0.05) from...
Solid-state esophageal manometry was used to study physiology of the normal llama esophagus. Esophageal baseline pressures, esophageal response to water swallows and to balloon distention, and other motor activity of the esophagus during experiments were measured throughout the entire length of the esophagus. Gross and histologic anatomy, muscle fiber type...
