Published June 1969. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Experiments were conducted to determine survival, growth, and accumulation of HEOD (major component of dieldrin) in the tissues of steelhead trout (Salmo gairdneri) embryos, alevins, and fry exposed to dieldrin concentrations ranging from 0.012 to 52 ppb. The fish were held in specially designed exposure chambers provided with continuously renewed...
Under July 1, 1972 - June 30, 1973 cost levels for the Little White Salmon and Willard National Fish Hatcheries, small budget reductions made by reducing expenditures for fish food resulted in sharp increases in average total cost per pound of salmon produced.
Foraging honey bees (Apis mellifera L.), exposed to birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.)
bloom treated with microencapsulated methyl parathion, continued to display pollen and midgut
microcapsule contamination up to 9 days postspray. Nearly 10% of all pollen storage cells
examined in combs taken from honey bee colonies exposed to the...
Published September 1983. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
The western states include a complex combination of geological, topographical, climatic, and vegetative features. The region extends through 1900 km of latitude and contains three major north-south, storm-directing mountain systems. Most of the region is arid (annual precipitation < 50 em); however, sizeable agriculturally important areas west of the Cascade...
Anderson and DeWitt considered the quantization of a massless scalar field in a spacetime whose spacelike hypersurfaces change topology and concluded that the topology change gives rise to infinite particle and energy production. We show here that their calculations are insufficient and that their propagation rule is unphysical. However, our...
Alcohol is part of our society. We use it to celebrate joyous occasions,
from weddings to anniversaries, from baseball games to reunions, from new jobs to retirement. For many people, alcohol is part of religious observances. But there’s a darker side. For some elderly people, the use of alcohol becomes...
Twelve days of microstructure measurements at the equator (140°W) in November 1984 showed a
surprisingly strong effect of both the daily cycle of solar heating and wind on mixing in the upper ocean.
Because of limited variations in atmospheric forcing and currents during the experiment, processes in the
daily mixing...
This scanned article is provided to correct an error on the publisher’s website. The online version has incorrectly given the first author name as “Listen, Aaron” rather than the correct, “Liston, Aaron.” If using this article, please cite the first author correctly.
Revised May 1990. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Persistent, long‐lived, stationary sites of excessive mantle melting are called hotspots. Hotspots leave volcanic trails on lithospheric plates passing across them. The global constellation of fixed hotspots thus forms a convenient frame of reference for plate motions, through the orientations and age distributions of volcanic trails left by these melting...
Acetylene is a slow-binding inhibitor of the Ni- and Fe-containing dimeric hydrogenase isolated
from Azotobacter vinelandii. Acetylene was released from hydrogenase during the recovery from inhibition.
This indicates that no transformation of acetylene to another compound occurred as a result of the interaction
with hydrogenase. However, the release of C2H2...
The effects of nitric oxide (NO) on the individual components of Azotobacter vinelandii
nitrogenase have been examined by kinetic and spectroscopic methods. Incubation of the Fe protein (Av2)
for 1 h with stoichiometries of 4- and 8-fold molar excesses of NO to Av2 dimer resulted in a complete
loss of...
Probability density functions (normal, lognormal, and three-parameter Weibull) were used to characterize strength data for three different types of metal-plate-connected wood truss joints (web at the bottom chord, tension splice, and heel). Modulus of elasticity (MOE) of the lumber used to fabricate the joints was also characterized. A probability-plot technique,...
Nuclear waste is going nowhere, and neither is the debate over its disposal. The problem, growing every day, has proven intractable, with policymakers on one side, armed with daunting technical data, and the public on the other, declaring: not in my backyard. This timely volume offers a look past our...
Radioactive In has been incorporated into oriented thin films of YBa₂Cu₃O₇₋δ during a thermal coevaporation process. The hyperfme technique of perturbed γγ-angular correlation spectroscopy shows that 60% of the indium substitutes at a single site in the superconductor. We obtain spectra with reasonable statistics from 2 mCi of starting material,...
We have investigated a second-order phase transition of the vortex lattice in thin-film Nd₁.₈₅Ce₀.₁₅CuO[subscript 4-y] from 1 mT to 1 T applied magnetic fields. The dc resistivity-current density data for each field exhibit critical scaling consistent with a second-order vortex-liquid to vortex-solid phase transition. The high-field data support the vortex-glass...
A drifter equipped with bio-optical sensors and an automated water sampler was deployed in the California Current as part of the coastal transition zone program to study the biological, chemical, and physical dynamics of the meandering filaments. During deployments in 1987 and 1988, measurements were made of fluorescence, downwelling irradiance,...
A thorough introduction to disease pathogens, signs and symptoms, and management. Nine chapters cover root diseases (Armillaria, annosus, etc.); stem decays (Indian paint fungus, red ring rot, etc.); rust diseases (stem rusts, broom rusts, etc.); other fungal diseases; mistletoes; abiotic diseases; and effects of forest practices such as thinning on...
The effects of reduced food availability on the behavior of juvenile walleye pollock Theragra chalcogramma were examined in laboratory experiments designed to test for potential energy-conserving responses. Groups of juvenile fish were held on 1 of 6 ration treatments ranging from ad libitum to near starvation, and then vertical distribution...
The objective of this study was to test a method under development for assigning allowable properties to foreign species graded by American Lumber Standard machine-stress-rated (MSR) rules. The method was tested on dahurian larch (Larix dahurica), a major softwood species that grows in the Russian Far East and could be...
We present in situ electrode measurements of sediment resistivity, pore water oxygen, and pore water pH from three stations between 2300 and 3000 m depth on the Ontong-Java Plateau in the western equatorial Pacific. One of these stations is also the site of a concurrent benthic chamber incubation experiment [Jahnke...
Longitudinal growth strains develop in woody tissues during cell-wall formation. This study compares stems, which have a mechanical role and experience longitudinal stresses, and nonstructural roots, which have little mechanical role and experience few or no longitudinal stresses, to test the hypothesis that growth strains are produced in stems of...
Both laboratory analyses and on-farm quick tests of manure nutrient content play an important role in manure management. Laboratory testing is the most reliable method of manure nutrient testing and is valuable for long-term planning and as a check on quick test results.
Published July 1998. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Designed for forest owners and managers who want to prevent and manage insect damage in living trees (does not cover insects that infest dead wood). Six chapters discuss insects that affect tree foliage, shoots and twigs, trunks and large branches, and roots. Explains the effects of forest practices, such as...
This article examines how collection development and acquisitions librarians can best adapt their policies and procedures to face the challenges of selecting and providing access to electronic journals. It emphasizes the necessary changes librarians should consider in their collection development policies, provides an overview of the benefits and disadvantages of...
The problem of extinction in the sea has been recognized
only recently by the scientific community (Roberts and
Hawkins 1999). For the last decade, the American Fisheries
Society (AFS) has pursued an initiative to identify marine
fish stocks that may be at risk of extinction in North America
(Musick 1998;...
This article describes a grant-funded project with the final goal of creating information literacy collaborative partnerships among academic, school, and public libraries. The objectives of the grant as well as an overall description of the project are stated. The emphasis of the article is on the process followed to create...
This nutrient management guide is designed to assist onion growers and crop advisors in producing a high-quality crop while protecting the environment from excess nutrients. Nutrient management strategies recommended here are based on data accumulated over many growing seasons with many different onion varieties in Idaho, Washington, and Oregon. This...
Most insects are not pests. Only those that
feed on desirable plants or transmit disease
cause problems for gardeners. Many insects
are very useful. Some are pollinators of fruits, flowers,
and vegetables, while others help control insect
pests.
There are three types of beneficial insects: predators,
pollinators, and parasitoids.
People have been growing and enjoying flowers and foliage plants for as long as history has been recorded. Once people’s needs were met for a place to live and food to eat, they began to grow and use plants for their beauty, fragrance, and shade, both indoors and out. Over...
The first three years of SeaWiFS data (1997-2000) provide the most complete quantification to date of chlorophyll seasonal variability along the full latitudinal extent of the four major eastern boundary currents (EBCs). Comparisons to previously published chlorophyll seasonal climatologies deduced from the relatively sparse coverage provided by the Coastal Zone...
There are several assumptions regarding the behavior and motivations of participants in fishery management that may hinder the effectiveness of the management process. In this research, we examine whether the commercial fishing industry is a homogeneous group whose decision-making is dominated by short-term economic considerations to the detriment of long-term...
We tested two genes together in hybrid poplars (genus Populus), CP4 and GOX, for imparting tolerance to glyphosate (the active ingredient in Roundup® herbicide). Using Agrobacterium-based transformation, 80 independent transgenic lines (i.e., products of asexual gene transfer) were produced in a variety of hybrid poplar clones (40 lines in Populus...
We simulate three-dimensional ice temperature fields to examine spatial-temporal history of the subglacial thermal environment during the last glacial cycle. Model results suggest that 60–80% of the Laurentide Ice Sheet was cold-based (frozen to the bed) at the LGM, and therefore unable to undergo large-scale basal flow. The fraction of...
Published February 2002. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. This publication was replaced by Pacific Northwest Extension publication PNW 639 in November 2012. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Gramene (http://www.gramene.org/) is a comparative genome database for cereal crops
and a community resource for rice. We are populating and curating Gramene with
annotated rice (Oryza sativa) genomic sequence data and associated biological information
including molecular markers, mutants, phenotypes, polymorphisms and Quantitative Trait
Loci (QTL). In order to support queries...
Two factors have led to curtailment of some lethal methods of combating sheep predators and limit the use of others: changes in public attitudes and more restrictive state and federal regulations. Ranchers now use more nonlethal methods for reducing losses of sheep to predator attack. Electric fence tests in Oregon...
This study investigated how roads interact with hillslope flow in a steep, forested landscape dominated by subsurface flow and how road interactions with hillslope flow paths influence hydrologic response during storms in a second-order catchment. Runoff was measured continuously from 12 subcatchments draining to road segments and covering 14% of...
Adults often find an aging parent needs support at a time when their own lives and responsibilities are the most complicated. You may feel pulled in several directions—raising your children, being supportive to a spouse, helping parents, and/or working outside the home—all at the
same time. It’s not unusual to...
The goals of the Of People and Fish program are for youth and adults to understand the complex cultural and scientific history that has led to the “salmon crisis” and to become active citizens in the search for solutions within their communities.
Three types of fine fescue—Chewings, red, and hard— are typically grown for turf seed on Jory or Nekia soils in the foothills of the Willamette Valley. Recommendations in this guide assume production in this setting and are based on research from large and small plots throughout the area. During the...
Annual ryegrass varieties such as ‘Gulf’ are grown for seed on poorly drained soils of the south Willamette Valley, including Dayton, Concord, and Bashaw. Recommendations in this guide are based on research throughout this production area. Management practices from seedbed preparation to harvest must be performed in an appropriate and...
This study examined daily streamflow response over up to four decades in northwest conifer forest and eastern deciduous forest sites in the United States. We used novel methods to analyze daily observations of climate and streamflow spanning more than 900 basin years of record at 14 treated/control basin pairs where...
Assessing students' information literacy skills can be difficult depending on the involvement of the librarian in a course. To overcome this, librarians created an assignment called the Paper Trail, where students wrote a short essay about their research process and reflected on what they would do differently. Through reviewing and...
Explaining restoration failure can be as important as touting success. We used a series of studies to understand the failure of techniques commonly used to restore wetland prairies in the Willamette Valley of western Oregon. Burning, fallowing, and solarization (covering tilled plots with plastic sheeting to heat the soil) had...
Published March 2004. Reviewed July 2014. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Multicellular eukaryotes produce small RNA molecules (approximately 21–24 nucleotides) of two general types, microRNA (miRNA) and short interfering RNA (siRNA). They collectively function as sequence-specific guides to silence or regulate genes, transposons, and viruses and to modify chromatin and genome structure. Formation or activity of small RNAs requires factors belonging...
Diatom remains indicate the oceanic Ge/Si ratio (μmol/mol) has varied temporally, ranging from Miocene values of 0.9 to Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) values of 0.55, with the present value of 0.69. These ratios lie between those for the primary sources for these elements: continental weathering (Ge/Si = 0.5) and hydrothermal...
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primers are reported for 68 nuclear-encoded microsatellites developed during the past several years from genomic libraries of red drum (Sciaenops ocelwtus). All68 microsatellites were tested for reproducibility and polymorphism on a sample of five to 12 red drum; 60 of the microsatellites were found to be...
Prior studies of modem scientific internationalism have been written primarily from
the point of view of scientists, with little regard to the influence of the state. This
study examines the state's role in international scientific relations. States sometimes
encouraged scientific internationalism; in the mid-twentieth century,t hey often
sought to restrict...
Oregon is a wonderful state. Forested land is found in every region. It's good to know about the types of plants and land use that dominate your home state. The goals of the Oregon 4-H Forestry Project are to give factual, science-based information about forests and to give you a...
MOTIVATION: The automatic identification of over-represented motifs present in a collection of sequences continues to be a challenging problem in computational biology. Many existing approaches to motif identification do not always find the relevant biological motifs, or find only a subset of the occurrences of a motif. In this paper,...
This publication is for pesticide applicators, including those preparing to take certification exams and those who already are certified pesticide applicators, operators, dealers, or consultants.
The Plant Ontology Consortium (POC) (www.plantontology.org) is a collaborative
effort among several plant databases and experts in plant systematics, botany
and genomics. A primary goal of the POC is to develop simple yet robust
and extensible controlled vocabularies that accurately reflect the biology of plant
structures and developmental stages. These...
Sequence data from nrITS and cpDNA have failed to fully resolve phylogenetic relationships among Pinus species. Four low‐copy nuclear genes, developed from the screening of 73 mapped conifer anchor loci, were sequenced from 12 species representing all subsections. Individual loci do not uniformly support either the nrITS or cpDNA hypotheses...
Soil respiration is a major pathway for carbon cycling in terrestrial ecosystems yet little is known about its response to natural and
anthropogenic disturbances. This study examined soil respiration response to prescribed burning and thinning treatments in an old-growth, mixedconifer
forest on the western slope of the Sierra Nevada Mountains....
Coastal wetlands are characterized by high biodiversity, which is one of the main criteria considered when establishing protection policies or when proposing adequate management actions. In this study, the crustacean and aquatic insect composition of the Emporda wetlands is described. These two faunal groups contribute highly to the total biodiversity...
Web Information Discovery Tool (WIDIT) Laboratory at the Indiana University School of Library, whose basic approach to combine multiple methods as well as to leverage multiple sources of evidence, participated in 2005 Text Retrieval Conference’s Hard track (HARD-2005) to investigate methods of effectively dealing with HARD topics by exploring a...
Habitat and landscape features that influence the rate of interpatch movement and colonization may determine the likelihood that a species will persist in fragmented landscapes. We simulated patch extinction by removing Carolina Chickadees (Poecile carolinensis) from woodland fragments in an Ohio agricultural landscape in January 2002. We then monitored the...
Donato et al. (Brevia, 20 January 2006, p. 352) concluded that logging after wildfire kills natural
regeneration and increases fire risk. We argue that their paper lacks adequate context and
supporting information to be clearly interpreted by scientists, resource managers, policy-makers,
and the public.
The goal of this study was to describe the duration and magnitude of the physiological stress response in lingcod Ophiodon elongatus after exposure to brief handling and sublethal air stressors. The response to these stressors was determined during a 24‐h recovery period by measuring concentrations of plasma cortisol, lactate, glucose,...
Commercial blueberry production in Oregon is dominated by the northern highbush type, although rabbiteye blueberries are produced on limited acreage.
This publication addresses nutrient management of northern highbush blueberries in western Oregon. Where data are available to support management differences by blueberry type, this information is provided. The following questions...
Recommendations in this fertilizer guide apply to tillage fallow-winter wheat and chemical fallow-winter wheat cropping systems. This guide is one of a set of publications that address the nutritional requirements of nonirrigated cereal crops in north-central and eastern Oregon.
Recommendations for nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, sulfur, chloride, and zinc are covered...
New seafloor mapping and sampling demonstrates that the eruption of the high-Ca boninites is clearly associated with rifting of the northern Tonga ridge and the northern Lau Basin at the northern termination of the Tonga Trench. There is very strong evidence for OIB plume related mantle sources involved in the...
This article examines the strategies used by directors of the East German film monopoly Deutsche Film-Aktiengesellschaft (DEFA) to voice their disapproval of the Berlin Wall.1 My aim is to show how it was possible, despite universal censorship in East Germany, to create films that addressed the wall as an inhumane...
Mechanical thinning and prescribed fire are widely used to restore western forests after a century of fire suppression, yet we know little about
how these treatments affect understory communities where plant diversity is highest. We followed understory plants and environmental factors in
old-growth, Sierran mixed conifer for two pre-treatment and...
Published January 2007. Reviewed July 2016. Please check for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
In this paper, we describe a fusion approach to finding opinionated blog postings. Our approach to opinion blog retrieval consisted of first applying traditional IR methods to retrieve on-topic blogs and then boosting the ranks of opinionated blogs based on combined opinion scores generated by multiple assessment methods. Our opinion...
In TREC-2007, Indiana University‟s WIDIT Lab1 participated in the Blog track‟s opinion task and the polarity subtask. For the opinion task, whose goal is to "uncover the public sentiment towards a given entity/target", we focused on combining multiple sources of evidence to detect opinionated blog postings. Since detecting opinionated blogs...
In plants, microRNAs (miRNAs) comprise one of two classes of small RNAs that function primarily as negative regulators at the posttranscriptional level. Several MIRNA genes in the plant kingdom are ancient, with conservation extending between angiosperms and the mosses, whereas many others are more recently evolved. Here, we use deep...
Off-highway vehicle (OHV) recreation impacts species and ecosystems around the world, and is particularly prevalent in the United States. Our study examines the impact of OHVs on one of several species restricted within the United States to the Algodones Dunes, California. This dune system attracts many OHV enthusiasts annually, and...
Mechanical thinning and prescribed fire are widely used to restore western forests after a century of fire suppression, yet we know little about
how these treatments affect understory communities where plant diversity is highest. We followed understory plants and environmental factors in
old-growth, Sierran mixed conifer for two pre-treatment and...
The frequency of moderate to heavy rainfall events is projected to change in response to global warming. Here we show that these hydrologic changes may have a profound effect on mosquito population dynamics and rates of mosquito-borne disease transmission. We develop a simple model, which treats the mosquito reproductive cycle...
Eukaryotes contain a diversified set of small RNA-guided pathways that control genes, repeated sequences, and viruses at the transcriptional and posttranscriptional levels. Genome-wide profiles and analyses of small RNAs, particularly the large class of 24-nucleotide (nt) short interfering RNAs (siRNAs), were done for wild-type Arabidopsis thaliana and silencing pathway mutants...
Paleoclimate records from glacial Indian and Pacific oceans sediments document millennial-scale fluctuations of subsurface dissolved oxygen levels and denitrification coherent with North Atlantic temperature oscillations. Yet the mechanism of this teleconnection between the remote ocean basins remains elusive. Here we present model simulations of the oxygen and nitrogen cycles that...