Historians and sociologists of science often identify the efflorescence of social stud ies of science with the work of postwar American intellectuals such as Robert K. Merton and Thomas S. Kuhn. They often also refer to the views of Michael Polanyi (1891-1976) on the roles of tacit knowledge, apprenticeship, social...
Measurements of the spectral distribution of direct solar radiation, made in both wide and narrow wavebands, are reported. The measurements suggest that the wavelength dependence of aerosol attenuation in central England, in summer, can generally be described by a power law with wavelength exponent of about 1.7. Attenuation of visible...
This study examines how coastal banks influence wind-driven circulation along stratified continental shelves. Numerical experiments are conducted for idealized symmetric banks; the standard bank (200 km long and 50 km wide) has dimensions similar to the Heceta Bank complex along the Oregon shelf. Model runs are forced with 10 days...
Measurements of near-surface winds by the NASA scatterometer (NSCAT) from October 1996 through June 1997 are analyzed to investigate the three major wind jets along the Pacific coast of Central America that blow over the Gulfs of Tehuantepec, Papagayo, and Panama. Each jet is easily identifiable as locally intense offshore...
Old-growth Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) forests frequently contain large populations of epiphytic lichens and bryophytes. To determine the effect these epiphytes have on canopy hydrology we measured the maximum water fraction (f(x)max; maximum mass of internal and external water stored by an epiphyte divided by its tissue dry mass)...
Horizontal tow measurements of internal waves are rare and have been largely supplanted in recent
decades by vertical profile measurements. Here, estimates of isotherm displacements and turbulence dissipation
rate from a towed vehicle deployed near Hawaii are presented. The displacement data are interpreted
in terms of horizontal wavenumber spectra of...
Halogens are primarily located within surface reservoirs of the Earth; as such they have proven to be effective tracers for the identification of subducted volatiles within the mantle. Subducting lithologies exhibit a wide variety of halogen compositions, yet the mantle maintains a fairly uniform signature, suggesting halogens may be homogenized...
Studies examining the effects of human disturbance on avian parental behavior and reproductive
success are fundamental to bird conservation. However, many such studies fail to also consider the influence of
natural threats, a variable environment, and parental roles. Our work examines interactive relationships of cyclical
(time of day, tide, temperature,...
A substantial portion of the developed world's population is increasingly dependent on machines to make their way in the everyday world. For certain privileged groups, computers, cell phones, PDAs, Blackberries, and IPODs, all permitting the faster processing of information, are commonplace. In these populations, even exercise can be automated as...
Some authors defending the "hereditarian" hypothesis with respect to differences in average IQ scores between populations have argued that the sorts of environmental variation hypothesized by some researchers rejecting the hereditarian position should leave discoverable statistical traces, namely changes in the overall variance of scores or in variance-covariance relating scores...