Prior studies of modem scientific internationalism have been written primarily from
the point of view of scientists, with little regard to the influence of the state. This
study examines the state's role in international scientific relations. States sometimes
encouraged scientific internationalism; in the mid-twentieth century,t hey often
sought to restrict...
Concurrent measurements of predator and prey δ¹⁵N isotope values demonstrated that a cross-shelf
isotopic gradient can propagate through a marine food web from forage species to top-tier predators and
indicate foraging areas at a scale of tens of kilometers. We measured δ¹³C and δ¹⁵N in muscle tissues of
thick-billed murres...
The lipid composition of an ammonium oxidizing bacterium isolated from Alaskan waters was examined at 2 different growth temperatures (5 and 25 °C). The composition was surprisingly simple with palmitic acid (C ₁₆:₀) and a monounsaturated isomer, palmitoleic acid, comprising about 90 % of the total lipids. There was a...
An expression for the ratio of the upwelling nadir radiance L(π, z) and the downwelling scalar irradiance Eod(Z) is derived from the following equation of radiative transfer. This expression is given by RSR(z)=[L(π, z)]/Eod(Z) = [fb(z)bb(z)]/2π[k(π, z) + c(z) – fL(z)bf(z)], where bb(z) is the backscattering coefficient, k(π, z) is...
An expression is derived for the rate at which the diffuse attenuation coefficient for vector irradiance approaches its asymptotic value in a homogeneous medium. The asymptotic approach rate is shown to be a function of boundary conditions at the surface and the asymptotic diffuse attenuation coefficient which is an inherent...
During the 2008 and 2009 breeding seasons of murres Uria spp., we combined visual observations of these predators with active acoustics (sonar), fish trawls, zooplankton net tows, and hydrographic measurements in the area surrounding breeding colonies in the southeastern Bering Sea. We acoustically detected thousands of bubble trails that were...
An exact expression for the remotely sensed reflectance (RSR, upwelling radiance divided by downwelling scalar irradiance) just beneath the surface of the ocean is derived from the equation of radiative transfer. It is shown that the RSR at a given depth in the ocean depends only on the inherent optical...
During the upwelling season in central California, northwesterly winds along the
coast produce a strong upwelling jet that originates at Point Año Nuevo and flows
southward across the mouth of Monterey Bay. A convergent front with a mean
temperature change of 3.77 ± 0.29°C develops between the warm interior waters...
Measurements of inherent optical properties (IOP) were conducted over bottoms with different substrates by use
of a sampling package mounted on and operated by a SCUBA diver. It was found that in areas of low ambient
currents the distribution of IOP varies with bottom type in (1) its value relative...