The performance of metallic-hollow-core-waveguides (MHCWs) and multimode polymer waveguides (MMPWs) are numerically evaluated using ray-tracing method for complex board level optical interconnects systems such as optical bus. Based on an ideal model neglecting the waveguide surface roughness, we find that MHCWs will provide lower optical loss for small curvature bending...
Euphotic zone depth, z[subscript]1%, reflects the depth where photosynthetic available radiation
(PAR) is 1% of its surface value. The value of z[subscript]1% is a measure of water clarity, which is
an important parameter regarding ecosystems. Based on the Case-1 water assumption,
z[subscript]1% can be estimated empirically from the remotely derived...
We show that the value of the total angular momentum (AM) carried by a surface mode can be interpreted as representing the transverse position of the center or balance point of the power flow through the mode. Especially in the lossless cases, the value of the Abraham AM per unit...
Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) has demonstrated single-molecule sensitivity and is becoming intensively investigated due to its significant potential in chemical and biomedical applications. SERS sensing is highly dependent on the substrate, where excitation of the localized surface plasmons (LSPs) enhances the Raman scattering signals of proximate analyte molecules. This paper...
Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Leg 202 has opened a new window
into understanding late Paleogene and Neogene global environmental
change by providing high-quality sediment sequences from a previously
unsampled region, the eastern South Pacific. Eleven sites (1232–
1242) that record variations on timescales ranging from decades to tens
of millions...
In this paper, we present the design, fabrication and characterization of a traveling
wave directional coupler modulator based on electro-optic polymer, which is able to provide
both high linearity and broad bandwidth. The high linearity is realized by introducing Δβ-reversal technique in the two-domain directional coupler. A travelling wave electrode...
The present study examined the stability of young men’s intimate partner violence (IPV) over a 12-year period as a function of relationship continuity or discontinuity. Multiwave measures of IPV (physical and psychological aggression) were obtained from 184 men at risk for delinquency and their women partners. The effects of relationship...
Assessing uncertainties in hydrologic models can improve accuracy in predicting future streamflow. Here,
simulated streamflows using the Variable Infiltration Capacity (VIC) model at coarse (1/16°) and fine (1/120°)
spatial resolutions were evaluated against observed streamflows from 217 watersheds. In particular, the adequacy
of VIC simulations in groundwater- versus runoff-dominated watersheds...
We demonstrate active control of plasmonic bandgap on a metallic photonic crystal slab using thermo-optic effects. The Au grating, which is milled by focused-ion beam on a glass substrate, is designed to exhibit an extraordinary optical transmission and a sharp transitional edge for high modulation efficiency. Only a moderate refractive...
Building intelligent assistants has been a long-cherished goal of AI, and many were built and fine-tuned to specific application domains. In recent work, a domain-independent decision-theoretic model of assistance was proposed, where the task is to infer the user’s goal and take actions that minimize the expected cost of the...