Variation in nutrient content of forest trees is discussed using the
data from literature plus data collected by the authors. Sections are
included on sampling and methods of expression of nutrient content. The
emphasis is on possible causes of variation, which involves nutrient
variation between years, within the year, and...
The specific objectives of the program are: (1) To understand the relative behavior of terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems in various environments in the biome. (2) To develop conceptual and computer simulation models that describe nutrient, carbon, and waterflows on a short-term basis (fewer than ten years) and which integrate research...
This report describes decomposition studies conducted in the H. J. Andrews
Forest, Oregon in 1973. Changes in weight loss and nutrient content of
leaves, cones, branches, and bark of Douglas-fir and leaves of big-leaf
maple, vine maple, Rhododendron, red alder, sword fern Oregon oak, and
Chinkapin were recorded in a...
Sixteen propeller anemometers were placed 29 meters above a 45-year-old (approximately) Douglas-fir stand. Correlations between paired anemometers, when viewed as a function of distance between them, showed that eddies up to 5 meters in diameter were common, and indicated that larger eddies up to 9 meters across occur. Partial correlation...
The following report Introduces a documentation scheme for flow
oriented ecosystem models and shows its application to a carbon-water
model developed within the coniferous biome. This documentation scheme
has remained operative through revision of this model and expansion of
It to include nutrient flows. This model and subsequent versions are...
FLEX1 is a general model processor, patterned after Klir's
General Sequential System Paradigm (Figure 1). Specifically, the
processor is a discrete time flux oriented realization of the general
paradigm and can process non-linear, non-stationary, environmentally
controlled state variable system models with explicit memory. The
current version is restricted to not...
Studies in the lower Lookout Creek-Blue River area have revealed a geomorphic history including glaciation and the development of three alluvial surfaces, presently active alluvial cones and older, deeply dissected cone remnants. Results are based on landform mapping, analysis of the types and distributions of surficial sediments, and the
distribution...
"This report presents a reference list of available studies on aboveground forest biomass, together with (1) methods of sampling and estimation and some of the problems and errors associated with each method (given as an aid to comparison of data), (2) some results obtained from the literature of field estimates...
Air temperatures at i m and soil temperatures at 2C cm are reported for
twenty-one forest stands in the central Western Cascader of Oregon. Records
began in 1970 for some stands, in 1971 or 1972 for most. Temperature Growth
Index for a stand, based on temperature effects on Douglas-fir seedling...
Macroinvertebrates were sampled on a regular basis from March to October
1973. A relationship between chironomid length and biomass was established.
Production equations to be used for these insects are reported. A similar
length/weight relationship is presently being explored for the oligochaetes.
A proposal is made for calculating their production...
SIMCOMP is a computer programming system which is designed to aid biologists with a limited knowledge of FORTRAN programming to design and execute compartment-flow simulations. The system is designed to minimize the programming overhead required by any computer language while maintaining
sufficient flexibility of FORTRAN. This flexibility does allow interfacing...
A steady-state phosphorus cycle was determined for the stratified period
May to November in Lake Sammamish, Washington. A steady-state. condition
for this period is considered at this time since data on some important
processes are only sufficient to estimate average values for the stratified
period. Nevertheless, such a cycle is...
The food habits of yellow perch in Lake Washington were studied over a period
of nine months. Altogether, 549 yellow perch were examined for the stomach
contents. The food consisted mainly of cottids, mysid shrimp, and chironomid
pupae and larvae; the predominant food item being the mysid shrimp.
There was...
A litter decomposition model was developed as part of :a watershed modeling effort. This model simulates weekly dry weight changes In woody and nonwoody litter (01), incorporated litter layer (02), and soil organic matter. Processes simulated by the model include: litterfall by component, root turnover, respiration, decomposition, and organic matter...
The Coniferous Forest Biome has access to several strip chart recorders but is definitely limited with respect to data-logging equipment. The methodology reported in this paper interfaces the common strip chart with the Coniferous Forest Biome Information bank storage system by
converting the strip chart data to card image data...
This report lists 98 microfungi found in the H. J. Andrews Experimental Forest, Lane County, Oregon, between June 1970 and
August 1972. The taxonomic treatments of the Ascomycetes and the Fungi Imperfecti in general follow Dennis (1968) and Barnett (1960), respectively. Specimens are deposited in the herbarium at Oregon State...
This review concentrates on 10 recent publications dealing with various aspects of radiation exchange in forest vegetation. The articles are discussed with respect to the following categories: definitions,
instrumentation, the modification of radiation by vegetation, and radiation budgets. The papers reviewed have appeared for the most part during the period...
Much effort can be saved by having well-documented field notebooks and field sheets. ITABLE will produce notebook pages filling in the collector's name, dates, stations, and depths.
Lakes Findley, Chester Morse and Sammamish, Washington, are characterized
by one major outburst of phytoplankton productivity and biomass (mainly
diatoms) with usually no or low fall activity. Vernal outbursts were
often delayed in the monomictic lakes by inadequate light because of
unfavorable climate and/or a lack of thermal stratification. Strong...
Data on soil temperature at two locations and five depths, tensiometer readings, and soil moisture release curves for the soils of Findley Lake are presented in this report.
"The information in this paper on litterfall in stands of red alder (Alnus rubra Bong.) was developed from a series of studies carried out to determine the pattern and quantities of litterfall of various
tree species grown at the University of Washington Charles Lathrop Pack Forest in western Washington. This...
Nitrogen fixation rates were determined periodically by the acetylene
reduction technique at three depths in each of the lakes. Fixation began
in June in Lakes Washington and Sammamish and peaked during July and
August. Chester Morse and Findley Lakes did not exhibit acetylene
reduction activity until August and the rates...
A model is developed to simulate basal area growth and mortality for forest stands using individual trees as the basic units. Yearly diameter increment, probability of death, and height-diameter relationship are computed
from a competition measure which is based on crown overlap. This model is used to simulate the growth...
Field reconnaissance, soil sampling, and laboratory analyses were
conducted to characterize the soils of the 50 by 50 meter forest community
reference stand plots in and near the H. J. Andrews Experimental
Forest. Soil descriptions, chemical and physical properties, soil classification,
and nutrient capital information for mineral soils are summarized....
Diurnal changes in stem circumference at the 1954 and 1963 internodes of a 22-year-old Douglas-fir were monitored using automated
band dendrometers. Determinations of internal tree water potential and estimates of transpiration were used to characterize the water status of the tree. Environmental monitoring included the measurement
of air temperature along...
Zooplankton grazing rates and life history stage densities for secondary
production estimates were determined in three lakes in the Cedar River
watershed, Washington. Eight copepod species, seven cladoceran and nine
rotifer species were identified in the three lakes. No one species of
cladoceran or copepod occurred in all the lakes,...
A convenient method of portraying functions of n dimensions to aid modeling
is needed. Unfortunately, visual representations are limited to only
two independent variables. ISO was written to partially meet the demands
of two-independent-variable graphics.
Direct-beam solar radiation is presented in graphical and tabular form for hourly, daily, and yearly values for 7 slopes on 16 aspects at 45 and 47.5 degrees north latitude. Theoretical equations necessary for the calculations are given. Solar altitude and azimuth during the day and year are also presented for...
A study of the phosphorus dynamics in castle Lake, California, is presented.
The approach is (1) to identify the important phosphorus parameters,
(2) to develop and apply methods measuring the parameters in the
field and (3) to develop a computer model of the phosphorus cycle. This
model will be used...
PLOTCAL is a subroutine package to aid in organizing and attaching Calcomp graphics to existing programs and simulations. PLOTCAL is self-contained, requiring additional card input and a binary data file from the generating program.
The relationships between inorganic nutrient supply and the first two trophic levels have long been understood in a very approximate manner but the dynamics of such a system cannot be explored adequately by simple
arithmetic when nonlinear relationships exist. An exploration of such a
system was accomplished by the use...
Biome investigators are well skilled in collecting and recording numbers.
The investigators continue through description of the notebook data.
Some investigators encounter much trouble in getting the data our of
their notebooks and Interchanged among people in a usable format. This
paper describes an effort to automate the calculations done...
The Coniferous Forest Biome is committing itself to the synthesis of the collected data. The computer programs documented in the following three internal reports have had a very useful track record in the synthesis of data and the computer implementation of models.
A steady-state model designed especially for analysis of gas exchange studies of terrestrial net photosynthesis is discussed. The model expresses net photosynthesis as a function of light, temperature, CO₂ concentration, stomatal resistance, and other factors. The parameters of the model are
estimated from data by nonlinear least-squares. The data set...
Measurement of plant moisture stress of 1-2 m understory conifers
was made in "reference stands" on the H. J. Andrews Experimental
Forest in 1970-1972. Maximum stress each year (measured between midnight
and dawn) is closely correlated with the position of each community
along one axis of an ordination of the...
Studies of vertical as well as horizontal distributions of fishes often require the use of gill nets hung vertically from the surface to the bottom. By using gill nets in this fashion it is possible to sample the entire water column as a continuous variable.
The physical framework or matrix in which the biological processes of aquatic ecosystems occur is currently under investigation at the Castle Lake Research Station. Special attention has been given these physical parameters in view of their close interrelationship with important biological properties within the lake (as exemplified by the rate...
Early in the planning of the Coniferous Biome research program, it was recognized that Experimental Watersheds 6, 7, and 8 in the
H. J. Andrews Experimental Forest might provide ideal study sites for certain phases of the Biome program. A study was funded during year 1 (1970) to provide necessary...
This bibliography, an apparently haphazard sampling of literature from many sources, grew out of a general project that was intended to elucidate the role of consumers in the forest system. The 124 articles
briefly abstracted here are ones that give some insight into the role of foliage-feeding insects. The process...
During Biome 1, our primary objective was identification of the dominant fungi involved in litter decomposition. Two survey methods
were used: (1) a survey of macrofungi occurring on Watershed 2 based on fruiting bodies collected and cultures; and (2) a survey of microfungi on decomposing foliage based on cultures isolated...
The feasibility and enumeration studies have led to the following conclusions: The nitrogen fixation studies should be done in 1973, using acetylene reduction technique with some verification by N15. The denitrification studies should be done with N15 technique. The decision to continue more enumeration sampling of nitrogen transforming bacteria should...
Populations of mites and.nematodes were monitored on Watershed 10, H. J.
Andrews Forest. A minimum of 50 families and 60 genera of mites are
present, the majority being Cryptostgmata. Population estimates vary
from 5000-350,000 per square meter. Nine categories of nematodes are
present, most belonging to the saprozoic, dorylaimoid, aquatic...
Macrobenthos populations of the IBP lakes were sampled during October and November of 1972. Analyses of the samples revealed dominance of chrinomids and oligochaetes in both littoral and profundal regions for at least this time of year. Due to sampling difficulties the oligochaete material was not used for chemical analyses....
The attack spatial pattern of the Douglas-fir beetle, Dendroctonus
pseudotsugae Hopkins was shown to be regular within a given subarea
of bark on its host, Pseudotsugae menziesii (Mirb.) Franco. Empirical
arguments were advanced which indicated the uniform spacing of attacks
was the result of a beetle controlled spacing mechanism dependent...
The conceptual framework of an erosion model has been designed to link processes of mass wasting, surface erosion, and channel storage and transport. A program to stimulate mass wasting will be based on a variation of the factor of safety approach which balances forces tending to drive mass movement against...
Field and laboratory studies are being conducted to describe the hydrologic properties of soil and to determine the timing pathway of precipitation and snowmelt water as it moved through forested soil on a steep slope. Hydrologic properties include hydraulic conductivity, porosity, pore-size distribution, moisture characteristics, stone content, and soil depth....
Although no formal project in mineral cycling was defined for 1972, three modeling efforts were begun: calcium cycling at Cedar River, litter decomposition, and miombo ecosystem. The calcium cycling model is a simple compartment model and was developed as a practice exercise. It demonstrates the inadequacy of linear-donor control formulation...
Basidiomycete fructifications collected at the research site were Cortina sp., Amanita sp., Armillaria sp., Polyporus abietinus,
Fomes annosus, Poria spp., Fomes pinicola, Coprinus spp., and Cantharellus cibarius.
Fungal organisms isolated from partially decomposed needles were phycomycetes and Fungi Imperfecti, and organisms isolated from
undecomposed needles were primarily yeasts ... The...
Forty-nine genera and ninty-eight species of Lichenized fungi are reported from the H. J. Andrews Experimental Forest (Oregon). Substrates, growth form, and type of phycobiont are indicated for each taxon.
Lakes Findley, Chester Morse and Sammamish, Washington, are characterized
by one major outburst of phytoplankton productivity and biomass (mainly
diatoms) with usually no or low fall activity. Vernal outbursts were often
delayed in some lakes and years probably by unfavorable climate (snow cover
and cloudy rainy conditions). Mean spring-summer productivity...
Felled second-growth Douglas-fir trees in western Washington were used
to determine the attack distribution and develop a sampling technique
for an endemic Douglas-fir beetle, Dendroctonue peeudotaugae Hopk.
(Coleoptera: Scolytidae) population. The attack density varied by
circumferential position. The lowest density was on the upper bole
and the highest on one...
A fast response meteorological instrument system for measuring parameters
used in calculating evapotranspiration above a forest stand is described.
Comprised of Gill-type propeller anemometers, Brady-array humidity sensors,
thermistor air-temperature sensors and a Metro-Data digital tape recorder,
the system was designed to measure eddy fluctuations in the range from one
to...
The simulation model described below is based on the assumption that the periphyton community can be treated as a unit, without a quantitative concern for the dynamics of
its many constituent populations. The function statements and parameter
estimates incorporated into the model are based on experimental work with laboratory streams...
The fleshy carpophores of fungi fruiling, on soil and litter were collected from watersheds 2, 3, and 10, IBP sites located in the H.J. Andrews Experimental Forest near Blue River, Oregon (122° W, 44° N). No effort was made to systematize collections: all
carpophores in fresh condition seen were taken....
The preliminary results of a study of the insect emergence at Findley Lake in the Cascade Mountains of Washington during 1972 are presented. Bottom samples were taken from different regions of the lake to compare
the insect emergence at the surface, the physical conditions of the bottom,
and the biological...
On 20 March 1972 three snow cores and one surface snow sample were taken on the Findley Lake watershed to obtain a preliminary estimate of the elemental composition of the snowpack. Variation in chemical composition
with depth and between forested and open areas was also investigated. Data from Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺,...
Sample collection to define the phytoplankton biomass and productivity in Lakes Findley, Chester Morse, and Sammamish was conducted according to the schedule In Figure 1. Methods and procedures are the same as those
used in 1972 (Welch et al. 1972). The purpose of such sampling is to provide validation data...