Published June 2000. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Published May 2001. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Introduction of later maturing cultivars of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) places more seed production fields in a period of drought common to Oregon during vital stages of reproductive development. During these stages, the final yield of the crop is largely determined by the number of seeds set, and the...
Later maturing cultivars and increased ability to apply irrigation have led to inquiries by producers about proper irrigation management in tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) seed crops. The literature reveals little information about irrigation of perennial grass seed crops in general, and none about tall fescue in particular. Willamette Valley...
Limited information is available on the effects of applied spring nitrogen (N) and cultivar on winter canola (Brassica napus L.) production in high-rainfall environments. The objectives of this investigation were: (i) to determine the effects of spring N and winter canola cultivars on seed and oil production characteristics, and (ii)...
One important cool-season perennial grass seed crop grown in Oregon is fine fescue (Festuca rubra L.). Open-field burning has been used for many decades to manage pests, cycle nutrients, and stabilize yield, in fine fescue seed fields, especially as stands age. Legislative restrictions currently limit open-field burning to 6,070 hectares...
Sound and essential management practices, succinctly described, for maintaining a high quality, productive pasture and healthy livestock. The publication is primarily directed to eastern Oregon small acreage landowners.
A new planktonic ecosystem model was constructed for the Eastern Bering Sea based on observations from the 2007–2010 BEST/BSIERP (Bering Ecosystem Study/Bering Sea Integrated Ecosystem Research Program) field program. When run with forcing from a data-assimilative ice-ocean hindcast of 1971–2012, the model performs well against observations of spring bloom time...
Background:
Phylogeographic studies of aquatic insects provide valuable insights into mechanisms that shape the genetic structure of communities, yet studies that include broad geographic areas are uncommon for this group. We conducted a broad scale phylogeographic analysis of the least salmonfly Pteronarcella badia (Plecoptera) across western North America. We tested...
Background:
Phylogeographic studies of aquatic insects provide valuable insights into mechanisms that shape the genetic structure of communities, yet studies that include broad geographic areas are uncommon for this group. We conducted a broad scale phylogeographic analysis of the least salmonfly Pteronarcella badia (Plecoptera) across western North America. We tested...
On June 20, 2019, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) announced it would conduct a 5-year status review of the Spruce-Fir Moss Spider as part of the process mandated by the Endangered Species Act. Although the Spruce-Fir Moss Spider has been listed as endangered since 1994, minimal research has...
Transparent conductive oxides (TCOs), combining the optical transparency and electrical conducting properties, have attracted escalating research interests in recent years due to their potential for various photonic applications. The electrical and optical properties, such as carrier concentration, mobility, will strongly affect the performance of TCO-based photonic devices. In this dissertation,...
Pb(Zr₀.₅₂Ti₀.₄₈)O₃ (PZT) thin films are of interest for their large dielectric permittivity, ferroelectric, and piezoelectric properties. The material has been widely studied for use in high frequency transducers, multi-layered capacitors, and ferroelectric random access memory. Copper foils are an inexpensive, flexible substrate with a low resistivity which makes them ideal...
The absence of federal climate legislation in the United States has led to a growth of sub-federal and non-governmental programs to combat greenhouse gas emissions. One such program, the American College and University Presidents’ Climate Commitment (ACUPCC) seeks to mitigate greenhouse emissions from higher education through the voluntary commitment of...
The natural gas industry has become essential in many areas in the United States. Currently there is over 37.5 million miles of natural gas distribution lines. A large majority of these lines are polyethylene pipes. With such a large percentage of polyethylene lines in use gas companies are continually looking...
Measuring surface fluxes using the surface renewal (SR) method requires a set of programmatic algorithms for tabulation, algebraic calculation, and quality control. Full matlab scripts and functions, example data used in the analysis, and results are included in this data archive. Because the SR method utilizes high frequency (20-100 Hz+)...
The Services for Students with Disabilities (SSD) is the department responsible for providing reasonable
accommodation to students with documented disabilities. Each term, SSD serves approximately 500
students and receives hundreds of requests for various services. These services range from alternative
testing, alternative formats, notetaking, classroom relocation, and requests for tables...
Current state-of-the-art environmental, clinical, and in-vivo radiation sensing systems utilizing various inorganic and tissue-equivalent plastic scintillators are not user friendly, suffer from electron-beam-generated noise, and are difficult to deploy successfully for real-time dosimetry. A robust, real-time detection system using different scintillating materials coupled to solid-state detectors by optical fibers is...
This paper concerns a question that frequently occurs in various applications: Is any dispersal coupling of stable discrete linear systems, also stable? Although it has been known this is not the case, we shall identify a reasonably diverse class of systems for which it is true. We shall employ the...
Natural convection provides a means for circulating fluids without the use of pumps. This type of system is of great interest for a wide variety of applications, including solar heaters, process industry, and nuclear reactors. Natural convection will play a vital role in the area of passive safety and reliability,...
Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) have demonstrated the ability to improve lubrication and thermal conductivity, and stand as promising metalworking lubricant and coolant additives due to their low cost compared to other NPs. While nanomaterials are a focus of research due to their potential to enable advanced technologies, little is...
Calcium and magnesium are two minerals that play prominent roles in animal and plant metabolism. The purpose of this study was to determine if genetic variation exists among advanced potato breeding clones for tuber calcium and magnesium content and the extent of genotype x environment interactions on these two traits....
Elton (1927) realized that, intuitively at least, nature was complex and stable. And that the last property contributed to the first. This idea was challenged mathematically by Gardner and Ashby (1970) and May (1972), and in the years following various models have attempted to reconcile these opposing views. Unlike previous...
The Moderate or Intense Low-oxygen Dilution (MILD) combustion regime has received interest from the industrial furnace and gas turbine engine industries due to attractive properties of reduced NO[subscript x] emissions and high thermal efficiency. MILD combustion is characterized by low oxygen concentrations (i.e. 3%-9% by volume) and high reactant temperatures....
The next generation of nuclear safety analysis computer codes will require detailed
modeling of two-phase fluid flow. The most complete and fundamental model used for
these calculations is known as the two-fluid model. It is the most accurate of the two-phase
models since it considers each phase independently and links...
We analyze merger parameters of binary black hole systems (BBHSs), including orbital separation and time at which gravitational and viscous timescales intersect for all combinations of black holes (BHs) in the range 1-100 solar masses. Our initial examination of BBHS merger parameters using the assumption R=0.5r reveals suspicious trends in...
Biochar has shown promise as a soil amendment for improvement of agricultural and forest productivity, remediation of heavy metals, and sequestration of carbon, but has not yet been adopted for widespread use in any of these applications. By assessing the production potential as a carbon sequestration tool, and the stability...
The logarithmic-spiral (log-spiral) limit equilibrium procedure for slope stability analysis rigorously satisfies both force and moment equilibrium with a failure surface geometry formulated as a function of the soil’s angle of internal friction. Within the framework of limit equilibrium, this procedure has, in the past, been primarily limited to homogeneous...
Stable expression of transgenes is required for commercial uses of genetically engineered trees. To better understand the stability of transgene expression under field conditions, we studied transgene expression and RNA interference (RNAi)-induced transgene suppression in 2,480 transgenic poplars (460 transgene insertion events) over three years. Stability of expression was assessed...
Obtaining high-resolution structures of biological macromolecules has become one of the biggest challenges in the scientific world. Dr. Wei Kong’s lab is currently working to overcome the limitations of current structure resolution techniques, such as x-ray crystallography and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Kong’s group hopes to develop a new protein...
The northern Oregon coast suffers extensive loss of land as a result of landslides which constitute the primary mechanism of coastline recession. Both real property and structures along the coast have been destroyed and this destruction will continue. In certain instances, it may be feasible to protect property by engineered...
New ice cores retrieved from the Taylor Glacier (Antarctica) blue ice area contain ice and air spanning the Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 5/4 transition, a period of global cooling and ice sheet expansion. Chronologies were determined for the ice and air bubbles in the new ice cores by visually matching...
The anaerobic and highly reductive conditions found in the ovine rumen are considered favorable for the degradation of the nitroaromatic explosives such as hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX). In this study, we used stable-isotope-probing to determine the bacteria responsible for the degradation of RDX in the rumen. Results indicate 10 μg mL⁻¹ (45...
Following breeding, sooty shearwaters Puffinus griseus leave New Zealand waters and migrate to 1 of 3 distinct areas in the North Pacific Ocean, effectively exploiting environmental resources across a large proportion of this northern ocean basin. In this study, we combined electronic tracking technology with stable isotope analyses (δ¹⁵N and...
The processes that lead to stable, low-growing plant communities and the characteristics of the species that form them are of great interest to rights-of-way (ROW) managers and others wishing to better understand plant community resistance to tree invasion on managed landscapes. The use of stable, low-growing plant communities as a...
A central challenge for ecology is to understand the dynamic nature of species interactions. A classic approach to community ecology assumes that individuals within a species are functionally identical and that consumer-resource dynamics can be predicted solely by using species abundances. However, one species can consist of multiple functional groups,...
Calanoid copepod eggs have a robust, chitinous outer chorion, which makes field‐collected, formaldehydefixed eggs difficult to penetrate with stains or molecular probes. Egg development studies in copepods have involved physical, chemical, and enzymatic treatments to remove the chorion. We present an efficient, one‐step method for staining copepod eggs with the...
Animal weapons are thought to have evolved to compete for reproductive opportunities within a species. Across the diverse weapon-bearing taxa, several evolutionary trends have emerged: (1) increasing complexity and relative size across ontogeny, (2) sexual dimorphism, and (3) higher levels of random deviations from symmetry (i.e., fluctuating asymmetry) than non-weaponized...
Papers proposing novel machine learning algorithms tend to present the algorithm or technique in question in the best possible light. The standard practice is generally for authors to emphasize their proposed algorithms' performance in the precise setting where it is maximally impressive, often by only fully evaluating their best known...
Over fishing, by-catch of non-target fish species, marine mammals, seabirds, and damage to benthic habitats remain serious problems in fisheries management. Management methods based on traditional command and control (CAC) approaches may meet with initial successes yet additional progress is often marginal, requiring managers to implement additional regulations to achieve...
Selecting locations for large energy facilities represents a land use dilemma: The beneficiaries of such facilities often are not the ones to suffer from adverse local impacts. As a result, it is not uncommon for local opposition groups to form in response to such proposals, and although opportunities for public...
This study examines the long-term role of interference on stand development of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii [Mirb.] Franco) and red alder (Alnus rubra Bong.) planted mixtures in the Central Cascades of Oregon, USA. The two species are common associates in naturally regenerated and planted conifer stands in the Pacific Northwest. Due...
Old-growth dry-mixed conifer forests are valued as habitats for late seral forest species, for the
ecosystem services and landscape diversity they provide, and for their aesthetic appeal. The
structure of these forests has been heavily altered by historic logging of overstory ponderosa
pine and Douglas-fir. Additionally, changes in fire regime...
Large areas of non-coniferous communities in southwestern Oregon are thinned to reduce fire hazard and accomplish ecosystem restoration, under the assumption that current fuel loads are unnaturally high. Although Oregon white oak (Quercus garryana) woodlands are a characteristic landscape component in this region, little is known about their current or...
Most blackberry and raspberry (Rubus) seed exhibit delayed or poor germination because of a deep double dormancy. The objective of this study was to improve seed scarification and germination protocols for the diverse Rubus species in two subgenera often used for breeding improved cultivars. We also defined the germination potential...
In recent years, several interrelated forces—prolonged drought, growing populations, height-ened environmental protections, sustained agricultural use, and hydrologic alterations due to climate change—have increased pressure on water users in the Western United States, where the agricultural sector accounts for up to 90% of total water withdrawals. Technology im-provements developed since the...
Self-directed mobility is a fundamental human right. Typically developing children engage in mobility for a majority of their day, but children with disabilities do not have the same opportunities. Children with disabilities are at a disadvantage and have a greater risk for developmental delays in physical and cognitive skills, along...
This study explores how a star CEO winning a prestigious award and prior firm performance relative to competitive aspirations, defined as the performance of industry peers, influence competitor CEOs’ risk-taking. Using a difference-in-differences methodology, we find that when a star CEO wins a prominent award, competitor CEOs increase their risk-taking....
This publication helps parents and 4-H volunteers think about ways to organize a 4-H club. Includes basic guidelines as well as ideas for holding meetings and recruiting members and volunteers.
Children enter kindergarten on unequal footing. Early childhood experiences shape initial disparities and predict academic achievement and life trajectories. One influence, child care, is not available to all children in Oregon as most counties qualify as child care deserts. This paper analyzes if child care access has an effect on...
Children enter kindergarten on unequal footing. Early childhood experiences shape initial disparities and predict academic achievement and life trajectories. One influence, child care, is not available to all children in Oregon as most counties qualify as child care deserts. This paper analyzes if child care access has an effect on...
The state of the California Current System (CCS)
since spring 2011 has evolved in response to dissipation
of La Niña through spring and summer, resurgence of
cooler La Niña conditions in fall and winter, and finally
a transition towards ENSO-neutral conditions in spring
2012. The resurgence of La Niña was...
Tax credit auctions are a new way to fund government programs, dating back to just 2011. In place of funding new programs with direct appropriations from the general fund, tax credit auctions are a means to fund programs by monetizing tax credits. We performed a case study of all of...
Spotted lanternfly (Lycorma delicatula) is an invasive insect that was first discovered in Pennsylvania in 2014, and has since spread across the Northeastern United States. States in the Northeast have created quarantine zones, regulations, outreach, reporting systems, and management efforts for the control of spotted lanternfly. Despite states’ efforts, spotted...
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a particularly aggressive molecular subtype of malignant cells that tends to proliferate quickly and is commonly resistant to traditional chemotherapy leading to relapses in prognosis more frequently than other forms of breast cancer (BCa) [1][2][3]. Current treatment options include surgical resection of cancerous tissue and...
Confederate governors Joseph Brown and Zebulon Vance have long been considered obstructionists to the Confederate cause through their steadfast commitment to states' rights. States' Rights Nationalists throws in its own interpretation of these two men into the historiographical conversation taken on by well-known Civil War historians like Frank Owsley, Albert...
Green technology in the United States has been on the rise over the past few decades in the United States. However, certain green technologies have been developed in the absence of design standards. Ecoroofs, which are vegetated soil masses placed on the top of a building’s roof structure, present several...
This study uses an existing database of dynamic loading tests of driven piles installed in the Puget Sound Lowlands to improve the reliability of axial performance. First, the unit shaft resistances developed from stress wave signal matching to dynamic records of pile installation are used to develop an effective stress-based...
The electrochemistry of the lithium-potassium-sodium
carbonate-borate melt was explored by voltammetry and chrono-amperometry. In support of this, a controlled-potential polarograph
and associated hardware was constructed.
Several different types
of reference electrodes were tried before choosing a porcelain membrane electrode containing a silver wire immersed in a silver sulfate
melt.
The...
Low levels of copper have been shown to impair the olfactory system of threatened and
endangered (T&E) salmon, decreasing their predator avoidance behavior and likely
increasing mortality. However, only dissolved copper (dissCu) present as the cupric ion
(Cu2+) and weakly complexed species are truly bioavailable. Previous studies indicate the
vast...
RNA-Sequencing (RNA-Seq) has rapidly become the de facto technique in transcriptome studies. However, established statistical methods for analyzing experimental and observational microarray studies need to be revised or completely re-invented to accommodate RNA-Seq data's unique characteristics. In this dissertation, we focus on statistical analyses performed at two particular stages in...
Literature reports have indicated that application of
sonic pressure waves enhances the rate of impregnation of
preservatives in wood. However, these studies have been
limited and inconclusive. The technique or process is not
in commercial use. In this study a laboratory scale
treating cylinder connected to a mechanical sonic wave...
Support Vector Machines (SVM) and Random Forests (RF) have
consistently outperformed other machine learning algorithms on a variety of
problems. SVM can be used for classification and regression on many types of
data (e.g. nonlinear, high dimensional), but cannot handle missing or mixed data.
This research implements a permutation-based variable...
Earthquake rupture scenarios are important tools for understanding the nature of plate movement and patterns in seismic activity. The creation and assessment of these rupture scenarios rely heavily on geologic reasoning and principles applied to earthquake event data. This reliance introduces a certain amount of subjectivity to the rupture scenario...
Proportion data falling in the continuum (0, 1) are very common in practice. It can also happen that an inflated number of zeros (or ones) occur with proportion data. There are extensive studies of zero-inflated data in the literature. Almost all of them, however, focus on zero-inflated count data. Furthermore,...
Hazelnut is one of the most important nuts in worldwide production and the European hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.) is the most economically important of the 11 recognized hazelnut species. Development of new cultivars is continuous, with emphasis on better nut quality, high yield and disease resistance. Hazelnuts are highly heterozygous,...
This publication focuses on how design of experiments can help companies solve problems in manufacturing. Part of the Performance Excellence in the Wood Products Industry series.
In Part 5, we now turn our attention to cause-and-effect diagrams (CE diagrams). CE diagrams are designed to help quality improvement teams identify the root causes of problems.
Anomaly detection aims at detecting the points that appear different than the majority of the data, such that they are suspected to be generated from a different distribution. Anomaly detectors have been applied in many different fields, such as detecting fraudulent behaviors in bank transaction, finding broken sensors in a...
The National Ecological Observatory Network (NEON) provides open access data products including sub-daily precipitation amounts and biweekly stable water isotope concentrations at sites across the United States. Stable water isotope (ẟ2H, ẟ18O) concentrations are often used in hydrometeorological studies and models, however the relatively infrequent biweekly sampling intervals of NEON...
Statistics and Metrics Generator (SMG), is a software tool that gathers, stores and reports
performance and execution metrics for a web-based software installation process. The
purpose of this project was to develop a software utility that provides feedback about software
download and installation process efficiency. A web-based software installation is...
In this dissertation we present a compilation of the research conducted during the author’s doctoral program. In the first part, we discuss a case study regarding the impact of scholar-ships on student success at Oregon State University (OSU). Specifically, we look at the grad-uation and retention rates and aim to...
California bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis californiana) were studied on Hart Mountain, Oregon, during the summer and fall of 1976, and the spring of 1977. The population consisted of a minimum of 196 sheep in June, 1977. The high number of lambs observed and high lamb:ewe ratios throughout both years of...