The ion implantation process is a very precise, controllable, and
reproducible method used to enhance material properties of finished
components such as ball bearings. Essentially, the target material is
bombarded by accelerated ions to form a thin alloyed layer in the
substrate. As the ions deposit their kinetic energy in...
Marine biofouling is a major problem in many industries. Shipping has been afflicted with reduced vessel speed and hindered maneuverability due to organisms attaching since the dawn of sailing. To date, the primary method developed to prevent fouling is the application of biocide laden coatings with various release mechanisms. Mass...