Magnetotelluric (MT) data from two sites 150 and
300 km southeast of San Francisco, California (geomagnetic
dipole latitude: 43 degrees, L approximately 1.9) show that
the usual MT assumption of spatially uniform external magnetic
fields is violated to a significant degree in the period
range 10-30 s. Inter-station transfer functions...
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functions" by Gary D. Egbert, Markus Eisel,
O. SierraBoyd, and H. Frank Morrison
Gary D. Egbert and
Magnetotelluric (MT) data from two sites 150 and
300 km southeast of San Francisco, California (geomagnetic
dipole latitude: 43 degrees, L approximately 1.9) show that
the usual MT assumption of spatially uniform external magnetic
fields is violated to a significant degree in the period
range 10-30 s. Inter-station transfer functions...
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. SierraBoyd, and H. Frank Morrison
Engineering Geoscience, University of California, Berkeley, CA
Magnetotelluric (MT) data from two sites 150 and
300 km southeast of San Francisco, California (geomagnetic
dipole latitude: 43 degrees, L approximately 1.9) show that
the usual MT assumption of spatially uniform external magnetic
fields is violated to a significant degree in the period
range 10-30 s. Inter-station transfer functions...
The influence of streambank location and timing of herbivory on success of planted Booth's willow (Salix boothii Dorn) cuttings along a Rosgen C5-type stream in an eastern Oregon meadow was determined. Willow cuttings were planted on two morphological locations (i.e. point bar and floodplain) in May of 2002 and 2003....
All streams in Oregon that are inhabited by salmon and trout have a statemandated
water temperature standard. However, temperatures of many streams,
especially during summer months, exceed the seven-day average maximum
temperature parameter (200 C for redband trout inhabited streams) accepted by the
Oregon Department of Environmental Quality. To date,...
Livestock grazing has been indirectly related to sage-grouse (centrocercus
urophasianus) declines in the western United States and southern Canada; however,
there is a lack of scientific research that directly relates the two. Our objective was
to investigate the influence of livestock herbivory on sage-grouse nesting habitat by
determining the spatial...
Within the sagebrush steppe ecosystem, invasive annual grasses are of growing management concern as they outcompete native vegetation, change the fundamental nutrient cycling processes, decrease biodiversity, and increase frequency of wildfires. The most widely used and effective management tool to decrease invasive annual grass abundance, is the use of pre-emergent...
In comparison with solar radiation, the energy of geothermal
heat flowing through the sea bottom is extremely small; nevertheless,
this energy is not insignificant in the circulation of the bottom water.
Calculations indicate that in the deep basins of the South Atlantic the
water volume transport necessary to remove this...
The purpose of this study was to study in some detail
host factors which influence the population dynamics of
bark beetle. The dissertation objectives were to ascertain
the applicability of utilizing osmotic pressure
values and relative turgidity values of phloem tissue as
indicators which reflect upon the physiological profile
of...
To quantify the reproductive behavior of male and female gray-tailed
voles, Microtus canicaudus, under conditions of natural
estrus, sexually experienced pairs were observed in a standardized
behavior test for 10 hours. The total duration of sexual
interactions averaged 223 minutes, which is considerably longer than
previously published reports on microtines....
This compilation follows the Fifty-Seven-Year Index to the Sierra Club Bulletin annuals, 1893-1949, compiled by Dorothy H. Bradley and George Shochat and published by the Club in 1952. This index covers the monthly issues from 1950 through 1976 as well as the annuals, which were dated as monthly issues but...
Swamp rice offers tropical populations the most feasible means
of obtaining a dependable and plentiful supply of protein-rich cereals.
An acre of swamp rice land will support many persons and the crop
does not cause erosion. A further production of this type of rice appears
warranted in Sierra Leone and...
I conducted a study to identify potential spawning habitat for anadromous salmonids above a 60-year-old hydropower dam in the headwaters of the North Umpqua River in Oregon. Like many other historical salmonid-bearing rivers, little documentation exists for anadromous fish presence above potential natural obstacles upstream of Soda Springs Dam. My...
Artificial reefs create less productive fish communities than their natural counterparts mostly due to differences in habitat complexity and food potential. Are there other factors contributing to this decrease in productivity, such as the material of the habitat? I tested the response of the tidepool sculpin, Oligocottus maculatus, to man-made...
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SCULPIN AND MICROHABITAT CHOICE
By Sierra Payne
INTRODUCTION
BACKGROUND
• Fisheries declining
Artificial reefs create less productive fish communities than their natural counterparts mostly due to differences in habitat complexity and food potential. Are there other factors contributing to this decrease in productivity, such as the material of the habitat? I tested the response of the tidepool sculpin, Oligocottus maculatus, to man-made...
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SCULPIN AND MICROHABITAT CHOICE
By Sierra Payne
1
INTRODUCTION
2
BACKGROUND
• Fisheries
Pseudomonas is a diverse genus of Gram-negative bacteria that includes pathogens of plants, insects, and humans as well as environmental strains with no known pathogenicity. Pseudomonas fluorescens itself encompasses a heterologous group of bacteria that are prevalent in soil and on foliar and root surfaces of plants. Some strains of...
Despite the importance of tropical forest ecosystems in the global carbon cycle, there have been few studies of carbon dynamics in this biome. The magnitude of carbon stocks in the tropics and their changes over time are poorly known since ground-based observations are lacking. In this study, total carbon stocks...
Ecosystems are highly heterogeneous systems subjected to important levels of environmental variability; however, it is common in terrestrial biogeochemical models to assume homogeneous properties of the elements of the system or constant environmental conditions. For some processes, heterogeneity in these models is treated very simplistically, but there is not much...
Podosphaera macularis, causal agent of hop powdery mildew, is known to produce cleistothecia (syn. chasmothecia) in eastern North America and Europe, but ascocarps are not reported from the Pacific Northwestern region of North America. Reasons for the apparent absence of cleistothecia in the Pacific Northwest are unknown. We established that...
Growth strata geometries and deformed geomorphic surfaces reflect the shorttimescale growth of Sierra de Villicum (San Juan Province, Argentina). Accumulated deformation in repeated earthquakes is recorded by the structural geometry of deformed geomorphic surfaces. Through geologic mapping and topographic surveying, six strath terraces were identified on the eastern flank of...
Detailed analysis of mixed-conifer and red fir forests were made from extensive, large vegetation sampling, systematically conducted throughout the Teakettle Experimental Forest. Mixed conifer is characterized by distinct patch conditions of closed-canopy tree clusters, persistent gaps and shrub thickets. This heterogeneous spatial structure provides contrasting microclimate, habitat and resource conditions...
I developed a priori hypotheses and used logistic regression to model Greater Sandhill
Crane (Grus canadensis tabida) nest success in relation to weather, habitat and management variables for cranes breeding at Malheur National Wildlife Refuge (MNWR) in southeast Oregon. My primary interest was to investigate the effects of habitat conditions...
Science is involved in many areas of dairying. The 4-H
Dairy Science Project emphasizes the "why's" of dairying. The
information you learn here should help you with other dairy projects.
You will learn some of the "why's" of selection, nutrition, milk
secretion, and reproduction as well as "how to do...
This investigation studies the relationship of the reflectivity in
the radar beam depicted by the radar echo patterns to the computed
reflectivity at surface observing stations under the radar beam.
Drop size distributions at stations in the Oregon State University
Mesometeorological Network during the storm period of 27-30 March
1963...
Reach defined analysis concentrated on the water temperature change that occurred in a stream/river segment over the course of one full diurnal cycle. Digital thermistors, data loggers and computer model development were utilized in reach analysis to link parameters of the stream system to a specific temperature change. The methodology...
The thermal decomposition of tungsten hexacarbonyl was
investigated in an apparatus which allowed a solid sample of the material
to be sealed into a preheated batch reactor. Because the reaction occurs
with an increase in the number of moles of gas, it was possible to monitor
the progress of the...
Progeny from three sires of differing genetic background were
divided within litters by sex and placed on either a 15 or 19% protein
ration. The test period began when the experimental animals weighed
60 pounds and continued until they were slaughtered at 225 pounds.
This test period was divided into...
Because arginine vasotocin (AVT) activates male sexual behaviors in the rough-skinned newt (Taricha granulosa), quantitative autoradiography with radiolabelled arginine vasopressin (³H-AVP) was used to localize and characterize putative AVT receptors in the brain of this amphibian. Binding of ³H-AVP to sites within the medial pallium was saturable, specific, reversible, of...
We hypothesized that calpain activity is elevated in response to muscle damage. To test this hypothesis, we examined the degradation of α-fodrin into its 150 and 145 kDa fragments following either 20 eccentric or isometric contractions. In addition, experiments were performed in the presence or absence of E-64-d, a calpain...
This paper identifies 51 best practices of interpretive programming in relation to the topic of climate change and applies those practices to interpretive programs delivered by Natural Lands, a Pennsylvania environmental non-profit organization, and specifically at the Glades Wildlife Refuge, one of Natural Lands’ nature preserves. The best practices are...
In this dissertation I will demonstrate a novel application of self-exciting point process models to mass shooting data. I will also introduce two adaptations to the traditional nonparametric Hawkes process modeling framework. One such modification allows for the estimation of the additional productivity introduced by an event that is not...
A large, damaging earthquake in 1944 on a blind thrust fault caused 60 cm of surface rupture on the subsidiary La Laja fault and additional unmeasured growth of an associated backlimb fold. Both the fold and fault are components of the La Laja Fault System (LLFS) located 25 km northeast...
The management of federal forest lands in the Pacific Northwest (PNW) region changed in early 1990s when the
Northwest Forest Plan (NWFP) was adopted with the primary goal to protect old-growth forest and associated
species. A major decline in timber harvest followed, extending an earlier downward trend. The historic and...
Sustainable elk (Cervus canadensis) habitat management on U.S. Forest Service (USFS) lands involves a complex relationship between management practices and ecological processes. A relatively novel Rocky Mountain elk population (Cervus canadensis nelsoni) on the Plumas National Forest (PNF) in northeastern California became established in the early 2000s, but there is...
Currently, Sierra Nevada forests have high levels of mortality caused by bark beetles infesting trees stressed by drought, fire, overly dense stands, and pathogens. Fuel loads and fire hazard are high. Past logging and fire exclusion practices are partially responsible for this situation. Mitigative restoration requires thinning overly dense stands,...
We examined the nest-tree preferences of northern flying squirrels (Glaucomys sabrinus) in an old-growth,
mixed-conifer and red fir (Abies magnifica) forest of the southern Sierra Nevada of California. We tracked 27
individuals to 122 nest trees during 3 summers. Flying squirrels selected nest trees that were larger in diameter
and...
The environmental movement needs people from communities of color and the differing perspectives they provide. Latinas/os are one of the largest communities of color in the US, and their numbers continue to grow. However, mainstream environmental organizations have failed to engage this community in authentic ways. The lack of meaningful...
The Teakettle Ecosystem Experiment in the southern Sierra Nevada is using thinning and prescribed
fire to recreate historical stand conditions. As part of Teakettle we assessed pretreatment diversity and density
of the soil arthropod community in 1998 and 2000. We determined the density and diversity of soil microarthropods
among treatment...
Tidal mixing over a slope was explored using moored time series observations on Kaena Ridge extending northwest from Oahu, Hawaii, during the Survey component of the Hawaii Ocean Mixing Experiment (HOME). A mooring was instrumented to sample the velocity and density field of the lower 500 m of the water...
The diets of a fungal specialist, northern flying squirrel (Glaucomys sabrinus (Shaw, 1801)), and a dietary generalist,
lodgepole chipmunk (Neotamias speciosus (Merriam, 1890)), were examined in the old-growth, mixed-conifer forest
at the Teakettle Experimental Forest in California’s southern Sierra Nevada. Spores of fungi were identified from fecal
pellets collected from...
During 1997–1998, we investigated the influence of both the relative abundance of truffles, preferred food
items, and microhabitat structure on the occurrence of northern flying squirrels (Glaucomys sabrinus Shaw) in oldgrowth
forest habitat of the Sierra Nevada Range, U.S.A. Following live-trapping sessions, we searched the forest floor
for truffle diggings...
During 1997–1998, we investigated the influence of both the relative abundance of truffles, preferred food
items, and microhabitat structure on the occurrence of northern flying squirrels (Glaucomys sabrinus Shaw) in old-growth
forest habitat of the Sierra Nevada Range, U.S.A. Following live-trapping sessions, we searched the forest floor
for truffle diggings...
Prescribed burning and mechanical thinning are used to manage fuels within many western North American forest ecosystems, but few studies have examined the relative impacts of these treatments on forest wildlife. We sampled northern flying squirrels (Glaucomys sabrinus) and microhabitat variables in burned, thinned and control stands of mixed-conifer forest...
Prescribed burning and mechanical thinning are used to manage fuels within
many western North American forest ecosystems, but few studies have examined the relative
impacts of these treatments on forest wildlife. We sampled northern flying squirrels
(Glaucomys sabrinus) and microhabitat variables in burned, thinned and control stands of
mixed-conifer forest...
We determined the spatial pattern of dwarf mistletoe (Arceuthobium
spp.) associated with two different conifer hosts, white fir (Abies
concolor) and Jeffrey pine (Pinus jeffreyi), in forests around the Lake
Tahoe Basin and at the Teakettle Experimental Forest, both located in the
Sierra Nevada. We also examined a number of...
We determined the incidence of pathogens and insects across mixed-conifer stands in the Sierra San Pedro
Martir (SSPM) of northern Baja, Mexico, to assess the role of pests in a pristine forest ecosystem. We also determined
the spatial distribution of the two most common pests, mistletoe, Phoradendron pauciflorum Torrey, and...
Soil organic matter is a complex mixture of material with heterogeneous biological, physical, and chemical properties. Decomposition models represent this heterogeneity either as a set of discrete pools with different residence times or as a continuum of qualities. It is unclear though, whether these two different approaches yield comparable predictions...
Optimum timing and use of fungicides for disease control are improved by an understanding of the characteristics of fungicide physical mode of action. Greenhouse and field experiments were conducted to quantify and model the duration of pre- and postinfection activity of fungicides most commonly used for control of hop downy...
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97331; and Megan C. Twomey, Sierra N. Wolfenbarger, and
Joanna L. Woods, Department of Botany and Plant
Knowledge of processes leading to crop damage is central to devising rational approaches to disease management. Multiple experiments established that infection of hop cones by Podosphaera macularis was most severe if inoculation occurred within 15 to 21 days after bloom. This period of infection was associated with the most pronounced...
This paper comprises two major sections. In the first, tests of the influence of several application factors on efficiency of silvicultural herbicides are described for evergreen shrub, deciduous shrub, and herbaceous forest vegetation in Oregon and California. The second presents decision trees illustrating how to use the experimental results and...
Lodgepole pine (Pinus conorta) is a widely distributed forest type across western North America. Central Oregon lodgepole pine forests are ecologically unique when compared to other lodgepole pine ecosystems. Sierra lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta ssp. murrayana) is the dominant variety and often exists as the climax species on pumice soils,...
In the midst of double-digit growth in market demand for organic products, there is a lag in the growth of certified organic production in the United States. This thesis investigated the motivations and barriers farmers face when making the transition to organic agriculture. Three distinct organic farmer typologies were identified:...
This work furthers the understanding of processes occurring in catchments that affect stream nitrate concentrations using two different approaches: a temporally intensive case study of three headwater catchments with varying land use (through storm event monitoring) and a spatially intensive study on the regional scale (through statistical modeling) of 1st-4th...
The genus Lichnanthe Burmeister contains eight extant and one
fossil species which are strictly nearctic in distribution. The
subfamily Glaphyrinae, however, is distributed nearly world-wide.
Five species were previously described and three are described as
new herein. All eight extant species are described in detail herein,
synonomies are made current,...
Major objectives of the study involved development of a laboratory
procedure to obtain mating, determining characteristics of female
sex attraction, and determination of the effects of temperature and
humidity on mating and fecundity. The second of two methods devised
to obtain mating, "the vertical airflow technique," was convenient to
employ...
This thesis is a case study of the Warner Valley Stock Company,
a large eastern Oregon Stock Ranch, which utilizes over
680,000 acres of government grazing land. The purpose is to examine
the background growth, and forces affecting the ranch. The
relationship of man to land can be understood by...
Two cultivars of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea
Schreb.) with contrasting growth habits were studied under
field and growth chamber conditions. Fawn, an established
cultivar since 1964, and TFM, an experimental line, were
observed to grow better during spring and fall months
respectively, in the field. Different temperature regimes
of 10/4,...
Hop tissue (Humulus lupulus L.) was grown in vitro in
callus, suspension, and protoplast cultures. Medium
components were evaluated for optimal callus growth.
Solid Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium with picloram at 1.5
uM, 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) at 10 uM, 1 g/1 casein
hydrolysate, and 100 mg/1 citric acid induced white,...
The export of organic carbon from the surface ocean by sinking particles is an important, yet
highly uncertain, component of the global carbon cycle. Here we introduce a mechanistic assessment of the
global ocean carbon export using satellite observations, including determinations of net primary production
and the slope of the...
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and food-web models
Siegel, D. A., K. O. Buesseler, S. C. Doney, S. F. Sailley, M. J. Behrenfeld, and
The export of organic carbon from the surface ocean by sinking particles is an important, yet
highly uncertain, component of the global carbon cycle. Here we introduce a mechanistic assessment of the
global ocean carbon export using satellite observations, including determinations of net primary production
and the slope of the...
The export of organic carbon from the surface ocean by sinking particles is an important, yet
highly uncertain, component of the global carbon cycle. Here we introduce a mechanistic assessment of the
global ocean carbon export using satellite observations, including determinations of net primary production
and the slope of the...
The export of organic carbon from the surface ocean by sinking particles is an important, yet
highly uncertain, component of the global carbon cycle. Here we introduce a mechanistic assessment of the
global ocean carbon export using satellite observations, including determinations of net primary production
and the slope of the...
California's water resources vary throughout the state owing to the regions varying topography, diverse climate, and the distribution of precipitation. Most of the state's precipitation falls over the northern coastal range and the western slopes of the Sierra Nevada Mountains. Winter snowpack that accumulates within these mountain basins serves as...
In many western North American forests, prescribed burning and mechanical thinning are widely used to reduce
fuels and restore stand conditions after a century of fire suppression. Few studies have followed the relative impacts
of these treatments on the production and consumption of truffles in forest ecosystems, particularly in the...
Final project report to U.S. Forest Service Pacific Northwest Forest and Range Experiment Station and Missoula Equipment Development Center, under cooperative agreement number 228.
We document a new model of crustal structure of the Andean front in Argentina where numerous historic earthquakes destroyed the cities of Mendoza in 1861 (M[subscript s] = ~7) and San Juan in 1944 (M[subscript w] = 7.0). The Cerro Salinas anticline is formed above the west directed Cerro Salinas...
The influence of fire and climate events on age structure of different species was examined in
old-growth mixed conifer in the southern Sierra Nevada. Within a 48-ha stem-mapped sample area, after a
mechanical thinning, all stumps were examined for fire scars and 526 stumps were cut to ground level and...
The objective of this study was to determine the effect that
ration formulation has on volatilization of gases and offensiveness of
the odor associated with the wastes produced from Holstein replacement
heifers. Six separate experiments were conducted to study the
relationships between different variables on the release of hydrogen
sulfide,...
The objective of this study was to determine the sustainable yield of the small - scale fisheries operations in Lagos
State. Between January and December 1991, 113 mechanized and 43 non-mechanized fishing units in 21 coastal villages
were purposively chosen and surveyed on a bi-monthly basis through questionnaire administration. Costs...
This study was aimed at assessing how efficient the small - scale fishing units in Lagos State, Nigeria use the monetary inputs: costs of gear repairs, craft repairs, fuel, fishing losses, hired labor, and the residual costs of craft and gear. Between January and December, 113 mechanized and 43 non-mechanized...
For over 100 years, National Parks have existed to preserve America’s natural and cultural heritage for current and future generations. As environmental pressures on wildlife and habitats have increased in recent decades, National Park lands have become important protected areas for many threatened and endangered species. Conservation and management of...
Relationships between the structure and composition of riparian vegetation
with channel morphology were examined in three montane meadow streams in the
headwaters of the Upper Grande Ronde River and North Fork John Day River in the
Blue Mountains, northeast Oregon. Vegetation composition, root biomass, and
channel morphology cross-sections were sampled...
Performing bridge inspections can be a very daunting task for every department of transportation (DOT) in the country. Because the leading cause of deterioration in reinforced concrete bridge decks is corrosion of the steel reinforcement, the ability to detect the concentration of corrosion-causing chlorides in the concrete, using a non-destructive...
A series of combined measurements was made at the Naval Air Station North Island (NASNI) Installation Restoration Site 5, Unit 2 during July and August 2013. Combined measurements included CO₂ respiration rate, CO₂ radiocarbon content to estimate chlorinated hydrocarbon (CH) mineralization and a zone of influence (ZOI) model. CO₂ was...
This report documents observations of temperature and salinity made in the Arctic Ocean during the 1995 cruise of the submarine USS Cavalla. This cruise was the second civilian scientific cruise to the Arctic Ocean aboard a U.S. Navy Sturgeon-class submarine, and the first of five annual SCICEX cruises.
The SCICEX-95...