These are the proceedings of a short course in the management of young Douglas-fir and western hemlock conducted by the School of Forestry, Oregon State University, June 16-18, 1969.
Upon recommendations of participants in the 1968 short course, this course was designed to enlarge upon the inventory, operational, and economic...
The nonagricultural lands of the world are being called upon today to satisfy tremendous
demands from society at all levels of economic development. Until recently, costs of management
of many of these lands were too high to warrant appreciable management investment for
the relatively low yields. Society is beginning to...
Among the many products of Oregon's forests are poles and piling. These products form the basis of an industry with distinctive manufacturing and marketing processes. Based on information collected through interviews with officials of the pole and piling industry, this report describes characteristics of the industry-its major markets, marketing procedures,...
These are the proceedings of the third short course in the management of young Douglas-fir and western hemlock conducted by the School of Forestry, Oregon State University, June 15-18, 1970.
The course included one day of lectures and discussion on the campus of Oregon State University, two all-day field trips...
These are the proceedings of the fifth short course in managing young forests in the Douglas-fir region, conducted by the School of Forestry, Oregon State University, June 11-13, 1973.
Knowledge and experience in the management of young forests continues to expand. The short courses are designed to keep pace with...
These are the proceedings of a short course in the management of young Douglas-fir and western hemlock conducted by the School of Forestry, Oregon State University, June 16-18, 1969.
Upon recommendations of participants in the 1968 short course, this course was designed to enlarge upon the inventory, operational, and economic...
In February of 1975, the School of Forestry sponsored a series of lectures and discussions on the topic, "Forests of the World-Future Resources Conflicts." The objectives of these presentations were to examine prospects for future forest use, the demands that will be made on forest resources of all sorts, the...
Urbanites who own forest land belong to a larger category of owners often referred to as small woodland owners. As a group, small woodland owners have been the subject of much investigation. Little research, however, has focused specifically on urban-dwelling owners who, as defined by the Census Bureau, live in...
Short-term heating of softwood veneer blocks temporarily softens the wood so that it can be peeled more readily. Heating reduces the depth of lathe checks and the likelihood of splitting and thereby increases the quality and quantity of veneer recovered. The softwood-plywood industry conventionally conditions blocks three ways: steaming blocks...
Moisture content and shrinkage were determined on specimens equilibrated at two conditions for equilibrium moisture content (EMC) at room temperature after the specimens had been dried under a variety of constant temperatures with constant EMC's. Moisture content at room temperature equilibrium was less for specimens dried at high temperature than...
This study was conducted by the School of Forestry at Oregon State University to provide some of the information needed by the Oregon Board of Forestry to develop a forestry program for Oregon. The study makes three contributions: One, a data base that provides an up-to-date timber inventory and information...
Reliable estimates of plant biomass and leaf surface area are essential for studying primary production, nutrient cycling, hydrology, wildlife management, and fire. This paper presents equations that can be used to make such estimates for most plant species-trees, shrubs, and herbs-dominant in western and central Oregon.' We also document the...
Yarding delays add significantly to the time and cost required to obtain a given quantity
of timber. In this study, they increased total yarding time by as much as 28 percent. As yarding system complexity increases, the frequency of delays can also be expected to increase. For one balloon yarding...
Joints were fabricated from different combinations of untreated and fire-retardant- treated (FRT) Douglas-fir dimension lumber and 3/8-inch plywood. Eight types of fasteners and three fire-retardant treatments were tested. Joint specimens were exposed 2 and 7 years in cold, standard, and warm-humid conditions, then tested in lateral bearing. Best overall performance...
Two-year-old Douglas-fir bareroot seedlings were hoe- and auger-planted on droughty south and southwest aspects in southwest Oregon. After 2 years, no differences in height, diameter, or seedling biomass could be detected. Auger-planted seedlings survived significantly better on the southwest aspect.
One-year-old container-grown Douglas-fir [Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco] seedlings were outplanted on north, east, south, and west aspects on steep, skeletal Xerochrepts in southwest Oregon. After 2 years, survival rates were highest on north and south aspects, but biomass production (dry weight) was greatest on the west aspect. Shadecards, used to...
Aerial application of fosamine ammonium or glyphosate at moderate rates was not adequate for controlling understory brush before final harvesting of mature Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) stands or for reducing vigor of post-harvest sprouting. Symptoms of herbicide injury were those associated with low application rates, suggesting that the canopy intercepted too...
The effects of naturally shaded microsites on survival and height growth of natural and planted seedlings were evaluated after an initial shelterwood harvest in the eastern Siskiyou Mountains of southwestern Oregon. After 2 years, the probabilities of survival for planted Douglas-fir (84 percent) and ponderosa pine (56 percent) were significantly...
"An important limitation In the study of tree roots has traditionally been the time necessary to excavate roots without injuring their fine structure. Thus, many root studies have been based on small samples and consequently contain large errors of estimation. This Note describes how large numbers of root systems from...
"Because forest managers and geneticists need basic information about natural variations in populations of red alder, we studied conelet and seed characteristics, as well as early growth, of this species along an elevational transect in the Coast Range of Oregon."--P. [1].
"We describe a test procedure developed during growth room and field trials for which we processed hundreds of test lots of seedlings, mainly Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) and ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa), as well as lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta), Jeffrey pine (Pinus jeffreyi), and Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis), noble fir (Abies...
Production rates, skidding costs, and soil disturbance were compared for two partial-cut units-one with preplanned skid trails and winching and one conventional unit-harvested with a Caterpillar D-7F. For the unit with preplanned skid trails and winching, production was 11 percent less, and skidding cost per unit volume was 29 percent...
"Control of competing vegetation during establishment is one of the key links in the chain of events leading to a new plantation and, ultimately, a productive forest resource. Experience has repeatedly shown that, without adequate site preparation, reforestation efforts almost inevitably will fail. Vegetation control during the establishment period by...
This report supplements Research Bulletin 18 (1975) of the Forest Research Laboratory, School of Forestry, Oregon State University. Bulletin 18 summarized analyses of data for the first field season of the Pansy Basin Study. This Bulletin extends those analyses to the second, and final, field season. Time-study observations during the...
This report summarizes published information on Oregon hardwoods. Discussions of the trees and their woods include strength properties; appearance; gluability; machinability; steam bending; seasoning; treatability and durability; and special products.
Regression models of height growth and survival were fitted to aggregate data for trees, protected and not protected from animal damage, that had been surveyed on Douglas-fir and ponderosa pine plantations in Oregon and Washington. Animal damage significantly affected both height and survival. Dynamic programming analysis-using both soil expectation (Se)...
Mammal and bird damage recorded on Douglas-fir and ponderosa pine plots-randomly established in Oregon and Washington during 1963-64, then observed for 5 to 10 years-was evaluated for impact on survival and growth. In all, 194 plots were installed, and 10 of the 110 seedlings on each plot were caged to...
The production and transportation of fuel from sawmill refuse is influenced by considerations of raw material cost, type of equipment, operating supplies, operating labor, and distance from source to market. Fuels from sawmill refuse are transported principally by means of trucks, railroad cars, barges, or combinations of those methods.
Numerous inquiries about Cascara buckthorn (Rhamnus purshiana De Candolle) are received each year but the School of Forestry at Oregon State College. This paper seeks to give a condensed statement of the history of the Cascara, its use as a medicinal preparation, its silviculture, its value, a description of the...
The successful air seasoning of lumber and other wood products depends largely upon the correct handling of stock from the time it leaves the saw until it reaches a moisture content suitable for use.
The following points summarize the general rules for laying out the yard end piles, for piling,...
Perennial woody plants have a complex annual cycle keyed to the environment. Temperate plants have an annual dormant period commonly broken by exposure to low temperatures, although daily photoperiods of 16 hours or longer may partially substitute for the chilling. Shoot growth in the spring is normally stimulated by rising...
Logging on skid trails restricted to 10 percent or less of the harvested stand can reduce the area of compacted soil by at least two-thirds, In a comparative study, productivity of Douglas-fir logs per hour was just as great In an area with designated trails as In an adjacent area...
Black cottonwood (Populus trichocarpa Torr. & Gray) cuttings were collected from five Oregon provenances along a north-south gradient. Cuttings from each provenance were grown for 1 year at two locations, one on the Willamette Valley floor and the other on the Valley margin. Survival at both locations was poor. Stem...
The effects of artificial shading and aspect on the performance of 1-0 container-grown Douglas-fir seedlings were evaluated 1 year after outplanting on four different aspects in southwest Oregon. The test areas, all characterized by steep slopes and shallow, skeletal soils with a surface mantle of loose rock and logging slash,...
Growth was assessed for Douglasfir reproduction which had established naturally beneath three intensities of overstory thinning in a 65-year-old stand of Douglas-fir on the east side of the Oregon Coast Range. The age of advanced reproduction ranged from 4 to 15 years. Understory environments were described in terms of sunlight,...
The response of western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla [Raf.] Sarg.) to two methods of site preparation for planting was compared. One site was cleared of mature brush by the "brown-crush-and-burn" method. The other was partially cleared by spraying with herbicides. Seedlings lifted and planted in December, January, February, and April were...
Stands of brush and tree species of low commercial value dominate many potentially productive forest lands in western Oregon. Site preparation to reduce competition from such vegetation will improve the success of reforestation efforts, as well as reduce the cost of controlling small mammals that destroy seeds and seedlings. Site...
Eight series of untreated posts (including five series of steel), 18 series of nonpressure-treated posts, and II series of pressure-treated posts remain in test at the Oregon State University post farm in western Oregon. So far all posts have failed in 36 untreated series, 33 nonpressure-treated series, and 2 pressure-treated...
In recent years, a great deal of research in North America has been directed toward refining methods of assessing the load-carrying capability of skyline systems. Little effort has been directed, however, toward field measurement of cable tensions for skyline logging systems to facilitate initial tensioning of unloaded skylines or to...
Results reported here are from a large study designed to evaluate the effects of certain nursery procedures on subsequent survival of Douglas-fir seedlings. The effects of storage conditions and lifting dates were reported elsewhere (9). The determination of the optimum size of seedling for planting on different sites has been...
Oregon white oak, Quercus garryana Dougl., could have greater commercial use, but information on its drying properties is lacking. All oaks are difficult to dry, and the initial kiln conditions are important to prevent excessive surface checking and honeycombing. This study illustrated that a maximum dry-bulb temperature of 110 F...
The steadily increasing costs of raw materials, of the treated products, and of their replacement in service, as well as the steadily shrinking supply of preferred species, prompted a forum at Oregon State University on May 15, 1973 "to encourage the use of western hemlock and western fuss for poles...
Douglas-fir seedlings were planted in 1963 near Burnt Woods, Oregon, on land covered with grass, salal, or bracken to test the effects of terracing on regeneration. After 9 years, survival was best (about 95 percent) among seedlings machine-planted along the centers of the terraces and was better on south than...
Fifteen large glued-laminated beams made from visually graded hem-fir lumber were designed, fabricated, and tested to failure in static bending. When tested, the beams had an average moisture content of 7.5 percent. The beams were 40 feet long, 5 1/8 inches wide and 24 inches deep. Before laminating, individual pieces...
Reforestation sometimes is delayed by planting seedlings that do not have high potential for survival. Several factors influence survival. Unstored Douglas-fir lifted and planted in early fall generally are increasingly harmed by moisture stress the farther south in the Douglas-fir region they are. Such early-lifted seedlings are harmed even more...
During clearcut logging, complete removal of the forest canopy and the shade it provides
to small streams can cause large increases in water temperature. Such increases in temperature can be prevented if buffer strips of vegetation are left along the stream to provide shade. The purposes of this paper are...
Although the Douglas-fir region of the northwestern United States and British Columbia is frequently considered to have a common silviculture, obstacles to successful regeneration of the species range from competing vegetation and mammals on the mesic sites to extreme drought and heat on the xeric southerly exposures in northern California...
The effects of a range of thermoperiods and soil temperatures upon growth of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) seedlings were studied. The seeds, of varieties glauca and menziesii, came from eight widely separated areas. Plants from both varieties made maximum growth with soil and air temperatures between 18 and 24...
Considerable interest has arisen in the relation between timber-selling procedures and the accomplishment of timber-selling objectives on public lands in the West. Procedures of public agencies for measuring and paying for timber by log scale or by lump sum have attracted special attention. There are significant differences in the two...