Phytoplankton are a sentinel class of organisms in the marine environment. Through their photosynthetic activity in sunlit waters worldwide, phytoplankton shape the health and productivity of marine ecosystems and impact the global climate. In this work a range of ocean sensing technologies (via ships, surf zone sampling, moorings, gliders, and...
The testes of the gray-tailed vole (Microtus canicaudus Miller) exhibited a high affinity for selenium relative to other selected tissues. Uptake of selenium-75 in the testis-epididymis complex was delayed relative to uptake by the whole body, kidney, and liver. This pattern of uptake suggested that selenium was metabolically incorporated into...
Ocean color remote-sensing systems require highly accurate calibration (<0.5%) for accurate retrieval of water properties. This accuracy is typically achieved by vicarious calibration which is done by comparing the atmospherically corrected remote-sensing data to accurate estimates of the water-leaving radiance. Here we present a new method for vicarious calibration of...
Existing atmospheric correction algorithms for multichannel remote sensing of ocean color from space were designed for retrieving water-leaving radiances in the visible over clear deep ocean areas and cannot easily be modified for retrievals over turbid coastal waters. We have developed an atmospheric correction algorithm for hyperspectral remote sensing of...
Remotely sensed sea surface temperature (SST) and a model originally developed for Cap Blanc, northwest Africa [Dugdale et al., 1989], are used to estimate new production (i.e., nitrate uptake, in the sense of Dugdale and Goering [1967]) for the persistent coastal upwelling feature at Point Conception, California. Parameters required to...
The difference between the temperature of the ocean at 4-cm and 2-m depth was continuously monitored during a cruise to the coastal transition zone off Point Arena, California (38°58′N, 123°45′W), during June 1987. The two temperatures were coincident most of the time but diverged during one nearshore leg of the...
We evaluate the theoretical performance of a point-source integrating-cavity absorption meter (PSICAM) with Monte Carlo simulations and a sensitivity analysis. We quantify the scattering errors, verifying that they are negligible for most ocean optics applications. Although the PSICAM detector response is highly sensitive to the value of the wall reflectivity,...
Macronutrients persist in the surface layer of the equatorial Pacific Ocean because the production of phytoplankton is limited; the nature of this limitation has yet to be resolved. Measurements of photosynthesis as a function of irradiance (P-I) provide information on the control of primary productivity, a question of great biogeochemical...
As a demonstrator for technologies for the next generation of ocean color sensors,
the Hyperspectral Imager for the Coastal Ocean (HICO) provides enhanced spatial and
spectral resolution that is required to understand optically complex aquatic environments. In
this study we apply HICO, along with satellite remote sensing and in situ...
Full Text:
Bay, CA, USA. Remote Sens. 2014, 6, 1007–1025
Marcos J. Montes 1,*, John P. Ryan 2, CurtissO. Davis
As a demonstrator for technologies for the next generation of ocean color sensors,
the Hyperspectral Imager for the Coastal Ocean (HICO) provides enhanced spatial and
spectral resolution that is required to understand optically complex aquatic environments. In
this study we apply HICO, along with satellite remote sensing and in situ...
Full Text:
Ecology Studies in Monterey Bay, CA, USA
John P. Ryan
1,
*, CurtissO. Davis
2
, Nicholas B
As a demonstrator for technologies for the next generation of ocean color sensors,
the Hyperspectral Imager for the Coastal Ocean (HICO) provides enhanced spatial and
spectral resolution that is required to understand optically complex aquatic environments. In
this study we apply HICO, along with satellite remote sensing and in situ...
Current ocean color sensors, for example SeaWiFS and MODIS, are well suited for sampling the open ocean. However,
coastal environments are spatially and optically more complex and require more frequent sampling and higher spatial
resolution sensors with additional spectral channels. We have conducted experiments with data from Hyperion and
airborne...
Understanding and modeling microbial responses and feedbacks to climate change is hampered by a lack of a framework in the pelagic environment by which to link local mechanism to large scale patterns. Where terrestrial ecology draws from landscape theory and practice to address issues of scale, the pelagic seascape concept...
This study uses derivative spectroscopy to assess qualitative and quantitative information regarding seafloor types that can be extracted from hyperspectral remote sensing reflectance signals. Carbonate sediments with variable concentrations of microbial pigments were used as a model system. Reflectance signals measured directly over sediment bottoms were compared with remotely sensed...
Remote-sensing reflectance is easier to interpret for the open ocean than for coastal regions because the optical signals are highly coupled to the phytoplankton (e.g., chlorophyll) concentrations. For estuarine or coastal waters, variable terrigenous colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM), suspended sediments, and bottom reflectance, all factors that do not covary...
The propagation of downwelling irradiance at wavelength l from surface to a depth (z) in the ocean is governed by the diffuse attenuation coefficient, K𝒹(λ). There are two standard methods for the derivation of K𝒹(λ) in remote sensing, which both are based on empirical relationships involving the blue-to-green ratio of...
A drifter equipped with bio-optical sensors and an automated water sampler was deployed in the California Current as part of the coastal transition zone program to study the biological, chemical, and physical dynamics of the meandering filaments. During deployments in 1987 and 1988, measurements were made of fluorescence, downwelling irradiance,...
A drifter equipped with bio-optical sensors and an automated water sampler was deployed in the California Current as part of the coastal transition zone program to study the biological, chemical, and physical dynamics of the meandering filaments. During deployments in 1987 and 1988, measurements were made of fluorescence, downwelling irradiance,...
Sensor design and mission planning for satellite ocean color measurements requires careful consideration of the signal dynamic range and sensitivity (specifically here signal-to-noise ratio or SNR) so that small changes of ocean properties (e.g., surface chlorophyll-a concentrations or Chl) can be quantified while most measurements are not saturated. Past and...
Euphotic zone depth, z[subscript]1%, reflects the depth where photosynthetic available radiation
(PAR) is 1% of its surface value. The value of z[subscript]1% is a measure of water clarity, which is
an important parameter regarding ecosystems. Based on the Case-1 water assumption,
z[subscript]1% can be estimated empirically from the remotely derived...
I monitored demography, movement, and reproductive behavior of gray-tailed voles, Microtus canicaudus, in experimental habitat patches with and without corridors. I tested the hypotheses that reproductive rate, juvenile recruitment, and population size and growth rate would be affected negatively by immigrants that were introduced to resident groups (+ male and...
A survey of major bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) breeding programs and
seed producing areas in Idaho, Washington, and Oregon was conducted to
determine the occurrence of cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), recently reported
to be seedborne in beans. Some 259 plants, sampled from breeding
lines of diverse germplasm, were found by enzyme-linked...
Previous research examining the influences of post-fire salvage logging on abundances of birds has focused primarily on the response of cavity-nesting species. There is limited research in regard to the impact of salvage logging on a broader range of bird species. In addition, little is known about how different intensities...
The physical, biological, chemical, and optical
processes of the ocean operate on a wide
variety of spatial and temporal scales, from
seconds to decades and from micrometers to
thousands of kilometers (Dickey et al., this
issue; Dickey, 1991). These processes drive
the accumulation and loss of living and nonliving
mass...
The Ocean Portable Hyperspectral Imager for Low-Light Spectroscopy (Ocean PHILLS) is a hyperspectral imager specifically designed for imaging the coastal ocean. It uses a thinned, backside-illuminated CCD for high sensitivity and an all-reflective spectrograph with a convex grating in an Offner configuration to produce a nearly distortion-free image. The sensor,...
Hydrological optics has a rich history, playing a significant role in physical, chemical, and biological oceanography. The success over the last 30 years has provided oceanographers with a non-invasive means to study regional and global scale physical, chemical, and biological processes (Figure 1). The ability to map the color of...
The Hyperspectral Imager for the Coastal Ocean (HICO) presently onboard the International Space Station (ISS) is an imaging spectrometer designed for remote sensing of coastal waters. The instrument is not equipped with any onboard spectral and radiometric calibration devices. Here we describe vicarious calibration techniques that have been used in...
We present the results of a study of optical scattering and backscattering of particulates for three coastal sites that represent a wide range of optical properties that are found in U.S. near-shore waters. The 6000 scattering and backscattering spectra collected for this study can be well approximated by a power-law...
Hyperion is a hyperspectral sensor on board NASA’s EO-1 satellite with a spatial
resolution of approximately 30 m and a swath width of about 7 km. It was originally designed
for land applications, but its unique spectral configuration (430 nm – 2400 nm with a ~10 nm
spectral resolution) and...
The effects of light incident on leafy cuttings is
quite complex because' light influences several factors
which may affect root formation. One effect of light is
to influence the carbohydrate status of the cutting by
influencing photosynthesis. The role of current photosynthate
in the rooting of leafy cuttings is uncertain....
Products as diverse as soda-pop, fashion and
automobiles are selling to the tunes of classic and current
pop and rock music. The combination of MTV (Music
Television), the latest audio-visual technology, and the
replacement of movie stars by rock stars as the idols of
contemporary youth (Beckett, 1985; Hartman, 1987),...
The Goose Lake Basin, situated on the border of Oregon and California, USA, faces significant challenges from drought, wildfire, and other environmental stressors. This region hosts numerous endemic fish species such as the Goose Lake redband trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss newberri), Goose Lake lamprey (Entosphenus sp.), Goose Lake tui chub (Siphateles...
Studies of δ¹⁸O held in freshwater bivalve shell carbonate are useful for reconstructing paleoclimates and environmental changes and inform interpretations about past human behavior and periods of culture change. Stable isotope analyses (δ¹⁸O) of Margaritifera falcata shells found at the Cooper's Ferry archaeological site located in the lower Salmon River...
In optically shallow waters, i.e., when the bottom is visible through the water,
a tantalizing variety and level of detail about bottom characteristics are
apparent in aerial imagery (Figure 1a). Some information is relatively easy to
extract from true color, 3-band imagery (e.g., the presence and extent of submerged
vegetation),...
A spectrum-matching and look-up-table (LUT) methodology has been developed and evaluated to extract environmental information from remotely sensed hyperspectral imagery. The LUT methodology works as follows. First, a database of remote-sensing reflectance (R[subscript]rs) spectra corresponding to various water depths, bottom reflectance spectra, and water-column inherent optical properties (IOPs) is constructed...
This paper continues exploration in the area of
programming for parallel computers. The appendix to the
paper contains an extensive survey of the literature related
to parallel computers and parallel programming techniques.
The paper itself presents a new approach to solving
the Laplace equation on a. parallel computer. A new...
The three important methods of approximation; interpolation,
least- squares, and Chebyshev, are extended into bivariate approximations.
A method of obtaining polynomial approximations for very
general classes of bivariate samples is developed. Bivariate least -
square approximations are reviewed and a method of developing bibariate
orthogonal sequence is derived. A method...
Site formation processes at Ayia Varvara Asprokremnos, a potentially early Neolithic archaeological site on Cyprus, are examined in order to build a larger predictive model. The study area immediate to the site encompasses 6.33 hectares and includes the site and alluvial terraces on both sides of the Gialias River. Fourteen...
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________________________________________________________________________
Loren Davis
Abstract:
Site formation processes at Ayia Varvara Asprokremnos, a
In this thesis we consider computer techniques for inverting
n X n matrices and linear Fredholm integral operators of the
second kind. We develop techniques which allow us to prove the
existence of and find approximations to inverses for the above
types of operators. In addition, we are able to...
Interval arithmetic is applied to the problem of obtaining
rigorous solutions to integral equations on a computer. The
integral equations considered are the linear Fredholm equation of
the second kind and the nonlinear Urysohn equation. Techniques are
presented which enable the computer to find an approximate
solution, prove the existence...
We will consider the implementation of a computer program to
solve a nonlinear algebraic system of N equations and unknowns.
The program involves the use of a parameter, Newton's method, and
an automatic change of parameter. Also considered are rigorous
error bounds for the answer. The program was implemented and...
The goal of this project was to write a children’s book featuring same-sex and interracial families for children to both see themselves represented as well as to expose others to diverse, and increasingly common, family types. The creation of the book was guided by an analysis of the books available...
A function translator is presented which was designed for
interactive programs which allow functions to be defined on-line. The
translator handles functions which are specified by a formula and
functions which are specified as the solution to a system of differential
equations.
The approximation of a continuous function, in the maximum
norm, by continuous splines in the Everett Interpolation Form is considered.
The topics of characterization, uniqueness, and calculation
of best approximations are investigated. Since uniqueness fails, a
new vector-valued norm, which yields uniqueness, is introduced.
In this thesis some methods for solving systems of
nonlinear equations are described, which do not require
calculation of the Jacobian matrix. One of these methods
is programmed to solve a parametrized system with possible
singularities. The efficiency of this method and a modified
Newton's method are compared using experimental...
COMPLOT is a versatile set of plot drivers designed to be used
on a Tekterminal, Calcomp, or Hewlett Packard plotter in a time-sharing
environment. Although the hardware aspects of each plotting
device are quite different, COMPLOT allows the plotting devices to
be treated as if they were the same.
Soil is a valuable medium when investigating the past-- from understanding rates of development, landform evolution, to the construction of various predictive models. Landforms and sediments provide insight into depositional environments and soil morphology indicates pedogenic change within those landforms. The rate at which pedogenesis occurs has been quantitatively measured...
There is currently a revolution in archaeological morphometric research. As advances in technology are making more in-depth analyses both time and cost efficient. In this work, a collection of artifacts from the Pilcher Creek site (35UN147) in eastern Oregon was digitized using high resolution three-dimensional scanning. These scans were then...
A major challenge to the study of the peopling of the Americas is that much of the Bering Land Bridge (Beringia), the geographic area that people migrating from Northeast Asia into North America would presumably have passed through, is now submerged due to sea-level rise since the last glacial maximum....
The purposes of this study were to investigate consumers' responses (aesthetic response, approach response, and perceived risk) to two types of visual merchandise displays (full size mannequin and flat hanging display) in an in-store retail setting. An interest for this study arises from retailers' constant effort to differentiate themselves from...
This study seeks to determine the correlation between changes in statewide land use planning policies and the resulting periods of high or low urban growth in the Willamette Valley, Oregon using automated classification methods and freely available satellite imagery. To protect its farms, forests and open spaces, Oregon became the...
As a key historic component of prairies in the Pacific Northwest, Camassia spp. should play a role in the restoration of these ecosystems. To do so effectively, further study of Camassia spp. propagation is warranted. Thus, the growth, N uptake and allocation, and seasonal thermoperiodicity of Camassia spp. was examined....
Archaeological investigations at the Cooper's Ferry site in Western Idaho have recovered cultural remains dating to 16,000 years ago, suggesting the oldest human occupation recorded in North America. However, many archaeologists have argued the initial peopling of North America occurred no earlier than the opening of an ice-free corridor between...
Merging isothermal buoyant jets in a crossflow were investigated
experimentally. Jets of salt water were discharged from a constant
head tank into the stagnant tap water. A crossflow was simulated
by towing the discharge ports through the receiving water at desired
speeds. Visualization of the jet cross-sections produced by a...
This thesis presents the results of an experimental
and analytical study of single-port buoyant turbulent jets
discharged into shallow water. The experimental results
include the measured downstream dilution, centerline
concentration and trajectory. Independent parameters
considered were Froude number, submerged depth, discharge
angle and velocity ratio.
Results indicate that decreasing the...
Using bulked segregant analysis, five RAPD markers were identified that were
linked in coupling to a gene conferring complete resistance to eastern filbert blight caused
by Anisogramma anomala (Peck) E. Muller in hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.). Two
modified backcross populations were inoculated and scored for resistance to the pathogen
and...
The results of an experimental and analytical study of deep
submerged multiple-port thermal discharges are presented. The
experimental results include the measured downstream thermal dilution,
width, and centerline trajectory of the buoyant thermal
plume from multiport jets. Independent parameters for which
measurements were obtained include port spacing, discharge Froude
Number,...
Excavation of a pit feature designated as Feature 59 (F59) from the Cooper’s Ferry site (10IH73) in western Idaho offers a unique opportunity to explore more about the Western Stemmed Tradition (WST) and how people used pits in the Far West. In this thesis, an analysis is conducted on the...
There is evidence that recent ecological changes in lakes and their watersheds can be detected from analysis of lake sediments. This study was initiated to correlate
changes in some sediment characteristics of four Oregon lakes with past cultural developments of the lakes and their watersheds. The lakes chosen for this...
Temperature was elevated approximately 4° C in a model stream relative to an unheated, but otherwise similar control stream. The streams were located outdoors, received identical amounts of exchange water from a nearby creek, and followed natural diurnal and seasonal temperature cycles Juvenile spring chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) were introduced...
Global recognition of the need for ecosystem restoration and revegetation following natural and anthropogenic disturbances has been growing in recent years. Successful programs often depend on the use of nursery-grown seedlings and appropriate mitigation of limiting factors on outplanting sites. Nursery production of high-quality native plants for restoration can be...
The search for and discovery of early archaeological sites is an inherently geoarchaeological problem. Archaeological sites of late Pleistocene-age are known to be located in the Intermountain West, however, the record of these early sites remains limited to only a few examples. In the lower Salmon River canyon (LSRC), the...
An experimental and analytical study of negatively buoyant jets
discharged vertically upward into a crossflow current was conducted
to obtain information on the fate of oil well produced water. This
information could be used to validate and calibrate the short and
intermediate term portions of a computer model used to...
The Younger Dryas climatic event is a global phenomenon associated with a 1,000 year return to glacial conditions during the late Pleistocene period between 12,800 and 11,500 cal BP. Because of its significant effects on paleoenvironmental conditions in some parts of the world, archaeologists commonly seek to assess whether the...
An experimental study of the short-term fate of a drilling mud discharged into a flowing stratified environment was conducted to determine its dilution and settling characteristics. The drilling mud used in this test had a specific gravity of 1.184 and a composition of 12 percent by weight high-gravity solids (BaSO₄)...
Differential equations governing the combined heat and mass
transfer in soils are developed. Transient heat, liquid and vapor
transfer with phase change is considered. The liquid transfer is
treated as a function of the hydraulic conductivity and the gradient of
suction potential. The suction potential is considered a function of...
Hunter-gatherers depend on naturally occurring resources and, in order to survive, must overcome resource procurement challenges inherent in their environment. One challenge relates to the temporal and spatial availability of resources, which hunter-gatherers address, in part, through the strategic use of space to position themselves for optimal access to necessary...
This paper deals with the thermal decompositon of
wood slabs under fire conditions. The partial differential
equation is solved numerically by the use of an implicit
finite difference method. Wood is treated as two
components, Lignin and Hemicellulose on one side, and
Cellulose on the other side. The chemical reactions...
Previous research suggests that fabric store customers
are not satisfied with the service provided in fabric
stores. According to the EBM consumer behavior model
(Engle, Blackwell, Miniard, 1986) and Oliver's consumer
satisfaction/dissatisfaction model (1981), fabric store
customers' dissatisfaction may be a result of their
unfulfilled service expectations. The purpose of...
An experimental investigation was carried out to
determine the thermodynamics and fluid mechanics of the
pipe flow of magnetic fluids. A water-based magnetic
fluid was synthesized in the laboratory and its relative
viscosity and magnetic properties were determined
as a function of temperature. A "thermomagnetic pump"
was built and tested...
The differential cross section for the reaction k⁻+p[forward arrow] k⁰+[uppercase xi]⁰ was measured in a spark chamber experiment for an incident k⁻ momentum of 1.8 GeV/c. The target was liquid hydrogen confronted
by an anti-coincidence counter to insure neutral particle production.
A 60 element hodoscope signalled the presence of four...
Locating archaeological sites that predate the arrival of modern sea level has been difficult along the Oregon coast. This is in part believed to be the result of geologic processes that have influenced the preservation, distribution, and visibility of sites within the Oregon coastal landscape. Because of these changes, researchers...
The continuation of geoarchaeological investigations at Tseriadun (35CU7) contributes to the understanding of the site's depositional history and the associated environments, thereby identifying the long term geomorphic change in the area and providing the environmental context for local human activity as it is reflected in the archaeological record. Meeting this...
The Purpose of the Study
The central purpose of this study was to determine the professional
education competencies of selected community college vocational
instructors. Respondents in the study included instructors of business
and distributive education. Major dimensions were the construction
and validation of a questionnaire for community college vocational
instructors;...
The growth and food consumption of juvenile coho salmon [Oncorhynchus kisutch (Walbaum)] exposed to natural and elevated fluctuating temperatures were studied in the laboratory with wild fish
collected from a salmonid rearing stream. Control temperatures were similar to the temperature regime of a natural stream and the elevated temperatures were...
Dumping drilling mud from offshore drilling rigs into the
ocean could have a negative impact on the marine environment. Due
to this possible impact, the Offshore Operators Committee (OOC) has
deemed it necessary to predict the fate of drilling mud discharged
into the ocean. Through the funding of OOC and...
This study was concerned with the flow of a magnetic self-propelled
ferrohydrodynamic fluid in a horizontal circular tube subjected
to axially varying temperature and magnetic field. The first
phase of the study involved the analytical solution to the governing
equations for the velocity and temperature profiles within the fully
developed...
This thesis reports the results of a study on the influence of biologically
stabilized kraft mill effluent (SKME) on the food relations and
production of juvenile chinook salmon, Oncorhynchus tschawytscha
(Walbaum), in laboratory streams. Experiments were conducted at
the Oak Creek Fisheries Research Laboratory, Oregon State University,
during 1967 and...
Archaeological excavations of the Cooper's Ferry site in the Lower Salmon River Canyon, Idaho, have revealed a stratified record of cultural occupation, spanning the late Pleistocene and early Holocene periods. The purpose of this study was to contribute to the understanding of cultural adaptive strategies represented in the archaeological record...
: ______________________________________________________
Loren G. Davis
Archaeological excavations of the Cooper’s Ferry site in the Lower Salmon River
The effects of temperature, temperature fluctuation, and fish size on the growth of juvenile steelhead trout (Salmo gairdneri) were studied in experiments which lasted 10 to 25 days. Groups of fish were fed at ration levels varying from near-starvation to repletion. Decelerating, curvilinear relationships between rates of food consumption and...
The La Ballena #3 site J69E is a shell midden located on Espiritu Santo Island in Baja California Sur. Archaeological excavations conducted in the summer of 2004 investigated a midden containing lithic and shell artifacts as well as faunal and human remains. Analysis of the debitage and formed lithic tool...
Natural resource challenges in the American West feature a suite of actors and processes operating at different spatial and political scales, and crossing several administrative jurisdictions. I applied concepts of new environmental governance to Oregon’s greater sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) conservation strategy, focusing, in particular, on features of voluntary conservation arrangements...
Significant reductions in the number of defects in parts
produced by investment casting can be obtained by improving
the flow of the molten metal during pouring. Studies have
been done at Oregon State University with simulated casting
techniques to determine optimal mold configurations.
Better mold layouts have been shown to...
Cooperative work experience in agricultural education is one
form of supervised occupational experience that provides the student
in agriculture with practical application of skills and knowledge in
one of the many agricultural occupations. Cooperative work experience
students are placed with employers in agribusiness service,
processing, or in distribution for work...
The behavior of two species of stream salmonids, juvenile coho salmon, Oncorhynchus kisutch (Walbaurn) and cutthroat trout, Salmo clarki clarki Richardson, was studied in terms of the time spent by individual fish in carrying out various activities. Studies were conducted from June 1968, through May 1969, at Berry Creek, a...