During the course of ripening, Cheddar cheese frequently develops
a flavor defect described as fruity. Recent work has indicated
that the use of certain starter cultures ultimately results in the
development of the defect as the cheese ages. The flavor compounds
responsible for the defect, however, have not been elaborated....
New Zealand manages commercial access and allocation through the market-based Quota Management System (QMS). However, the QMS alone is currently insufficient to address several fisheries issues. New Zealand is now developing Objectives-Based Fisheries Management (OBFM) to complement the QMS along two dimensions. First, to improve fisheries outcomes, such as reduced...
Why are fisheries policies so hard to reform? While there are many examples of successful policy reform in the sector, these tend to be restricted to a few countries or individual fisheries. There remains significant scope for further reform to address pressing economic, environmental and social issues in the sector....
The increasing move to citizen participation in policy formulation is being witnessed in European fisheries. The emergence of the Regional Advisory Councils (RACs) and other processes via the reformed Common Fisheries Policy (CFP) is sparking hope and interest in more regionally relevant, holistic, and hopefully workable fisheries management measures. In...
High resolution, continuous records of GRAPE wet bulk density (a carbonate proxy) from Ocean Drilling Program Leg 138
provide one the opportunity for a detailed study of eastern equatorial Pacific Ocean carbonate sedimentation during the last 6 m.y.
The transect of sites drilled spans both latitude and longitude in the...
Establishing true depths of recovered sediments is critical to determining sedimentation rates for high-resolution paleoclimatic
studies. We have corrected the composite depth scale, which accounts for the entire continuous sedimentary sequence, so that sediment
depths are consistent with logging depths, or "true" depths. We accomplished this by taking advantage of...
This paper begins by outlining the history of the Rules of Origin negotiations in the World Trade Organization (WTO), unfinished business from the Uruguay Round that is separate from the current Doha Round. The treatment of products of the sea is one of a large number of unresolved issues; progress...
The concept of an ecosystem approach to fisheries management (EAF) is reaching a point of general acceptance by those involved in fisheries. There is also growing agreement that fisheries management must incorporate the complicated and often not-well-understood links between human activities and the environment. As a primary goal of an...
The use and management of fish supplies, fish stocks and those who work in fishing and related businesses needs to be governed by good policies and actions, based as far as possible on good research-based advice and other expert information. Fisheries policy makers and managers work in a milieu that...
Restrictions on flows of foreign direct investment (FDI) in most sectors of OECD countries have been significantly reduced in recent years. In contrast, FDI in the fish harvesting sectors of OECD countries is still heavily restricted through a range of measures including outright bans on FDI, maximum allowable levels of...
The free fatty acids of Cheddar cheese are important components
in the over-all flavor and aroma of the cheese. Although the
more volatile fatty acids probably contribute most, there is reason
to believe that the higher fatty acids may contribute, to some extent,
in imparting typical flavor characteristics. Before the...
The outcome of the current multilateral trade negotiations in the Doha Round will have large implications on international fish trade. The author highlights the most likely scenarios in areas such as market access and fisheries subsidies, and outlines the very diverse interests and negotiation positions of WTO members.
Stale flavor development has been recognized as a defect of
stored dry milk powders for several years. Recently, stale flavor
development has been found to occur upon storage of sterilized concentrated
milk, and is recognized as the principal limiting factor to
commercial utilization of this process (Seibert, 1963).
Some attempts...
Increasing interest has been shown in the irradiation sterilization
and irradiation pasteurization of foods, but problems of off-flavors
and odors are still unsolved, especially in the case of dairy products.
From the flavor chemistry point of view, milk lipids are very highly
susceptible to irradiation effects. Therefore, this investigation was...
Numerous attempts have been made to identify the flavor
compounds in Blue cheese, however, duplication of Blue cheese
flavor has not yet been accomplished. Therefore, it was desirable
to make a qualitative and quantitative investigation of Blue
cheese flavor compounds and to study the effect of certain microorganisms
on Blue...
Acetaldehyde is known to be responsible for the green
or yogurt-like flavor defect of lactic cultures. This study was undertaken
to extend the knowledge of acetaldehyde production and utilization
by microorganisms normally found in mixed-strain butter cultures.
It is anticipated that the resulting information will contribute
to a more thorough...
Food lipid systems are very complex and so is oxidative
degradation that render them unpalatable for human consumption.
The significance of lipid degradation and the key reactions involved
have been thoroughly studied and are well understood today. This
is not true, however, of the secondary products of the autoxidation
reactions....
The concept of the "new father" has been discussed in the literature and popular
media for over 25 years. Yet current studies regarding father involvement continue to show that fathers do not contribute equally to childcare and domestic labor, even among parents in dual-income families. Furthermore, as roles within families...
Navigating the transition to adulthood is fraught with challenges, especially for those coming of age during an economic crisis. Individuals often rely on support from existing social networks, and establish social capital through deepening and expanding social ties, as they establish footholds in roles marking adulthood. Yet investing in social...
The exchange of waters between the Pacific and the Southern Oceans occurs along the eastern boundary of the South Pacific. Because water masses of the Antarctic provide a connection among the world's ocean basins, these water masses maintain the ability to influence changes in ocean circulation and climate (Lynch-Stieglitz et...
During ODP Leg 138, we tested a prototype instrument, developed
at Oregon State University, for measuring light reflectance in 511
channels of the visible and near-infrared bands. The technique of
reflectance spectroscopy has been used for some time in chemistry
and mineralogy (e.g., Hunt, 1977; Gaffey, 1986) and has found...
To facilitate the selection of drill sites for Leg 138, a site survey
program was conducted on board the Scripps Institution of
Oceanography's research vessel Thomas Washington (Cruise Venture
1). During this cruise, which departed San Diego on 30 August 1989
and arrived in Manzanillo, Mexico, on 4 October 1989,...
The primary objective of Leg 138 was to provide detailed information about the ocean's response to global climate change
during the Neogene. Two north south transects were drilled (95° and 110°W) within the region of equatorial divergence driven
upwelling (and thus high accumulation rates and resolution) and spanning the major...
This paper presents a seismic sequence and structural analysis of a high-resolution three-dimensional seismic reflection survey that was acquired in June 2000 in preparation for Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Leg 204. The seismic data were correlated with coring and logging results from nine sites drilled in 2002 during Leg 204....
The shallow sections of most holes drilled during Ocean Drilling Program Leg 139 contain alkenones derived from prymnesiophyte algae. The alkenones indicate a paleotemperature of the photic zone in the upper ocean during primary carbon fixation of 7°-15°C, with an average of 10.7°C. Based on laboratory hydrous pyrolyses these alkenones...
Sedimentary pore fluids from the Chile Triple Junction were sampled in situ, and analyzed for their noble gas composition. ³He/⁴He and ⁴He/Ne ratios were used to evaluate the fraction of helium in the samples that originated from mantle and radiogenic sources. The results show no primordial helium in samples recovered...
Calcium carbonate percentages at five Ceara Rise sites were estimated at 1- to 2-k.y. intervals over the past 5 m.y., using
reflectance spectroscopy and magnetic susceptibility proxies. From these estimates and detailed correlations between sites, gradients
of calcite and terrigenous sediment accumulation rates in a depth transect of sites reveal...
The accelerated diagenesis, maturation, and catagenesis of organic matter to hydrothermal petroleum was studied in sediments from Ocean Drilling Program Leg 139 in Middle Valley, northern Juan de Fuca Ridge. Sediments at Sites 855 and 856 have experienced high heat flow resulting in accelerated diagenesis of the immature organic matter...
We present benthic isotope stratigraphies for Sites 1236, 1237, 1239, and 1241 that span the late Miocene–Pliocene time interval from 6 to 2.4 Ma. Orbitally tuned timescales were generated for Sites 1237 and 1241 by correlating the high-frequency variations in gamma ray attenuation density, percent sand of the carbonate fraction,...
Milk, preheated at 82°C for 30 minutes, was heated to 146°C
for four seconds (UHT-treated) and cooled to 5°C in a tubular heat
exchanger. Immediately after heat treatment, 20 gallons of heated
milk were vacuum distilled at 30°C in a semi-continuous, reduced
pressure glass apparatus. Twenty gallons of non-heated milk...
The stability of diacetyl in fermented milk and the removal of
diacetyl from beer were studied. A convenient method for the determination
of diacetyl in beer, established by Owades and Jakovac, was
modified and applied for flavor analyses of dairy products. Through
this method, diacetyl in 12 samples could be...
The purpose of this investigation was to modify the procedure
of Bills, Khatri and Day for use in the development of a suitable
method for determining the quantitative distribution of the free fatty
acids (FFA) in normal, heated, and rancid milk and milk fractions
The method consists of extracting the...
Recent studies have shown that when milk fat is heated, a
homologous series containing the n-alkyl members of methyl ketones
with odd numbers of carbon in their chains are produced (48; 44; 38;
and 3). The same series of compounds also is found in evaporated
and dried whole milk and...
The free fatty acids of milk fat are believed to be involved in
imparting flavor properties to milk and other dairy products. In the
past the free fatty acids have largely been related to quality deterioration
and hence the methods for measurement have been devised to
determine the changes in...
Numerous investigations have been made on the contribution of
butter cultures to the flavor of cultured cream butter, but production
of uniform cultured cream butter has not been possible in industry.
Therefore, it was desirable to investigate in detail the qualitative
and quantitative chemistry of the flavor of high quality...
The unique flavor of high quality Swiss cheese is difficult to
reproduce in commercial market cheese. Swiss cheese flavor has
never been duplicated or thoroughly understood. New techniques and
advances in flavor research have enabled better definition and understanding
of food flavors. Therefore, it was desirable to make a detailed...
The genetic variability in and association between 14 traits that affect maturity, yield, and chemical properties of its product. The plant characters measured were: vigor, flowering date, harvest date, yield, lateral length, nodes per lateral, cones per lateral, cones per vine, cone weight. Alpha-acid and beta-acid content of the cone,...
Anaerobic digestion of lipid-extracted algal biomass has been proposed as a method to
recover and recycle nutrients in algal biofuel systems. The purpose of this study was to quantify recoverable nitrogen and phosphorus from anaerobically digested C. vulgaris. Recoverable nutrients were deemed those present in the liquid phase of anaerobic...
Full Text:
advantages of algal biomass
lipid dense: up to 70% dry wt
High area productivity (1.25 kg m3/day)
Doesn’t
Fundraising in the 21st century is becoming an increasingly important component of rural community colleges' (RCCs) overall funding strategies. Alumni represent a significant population of potential college supporters. The problem facing rural community colleges involves fiscal viability through developing innovative fundraising practices and identifying emerging sources of additional revenue. The...
A study was made of blood glucose levels and their relationship
to reproduction in gilts.
Twelve blood samples, two in each of three successive weeks,
before and after breeding were taken. Half of the samples were
obtained from gilts in a fasting state and half after feeding. All
samples were...
Plant species diversity plays an important role in maintaining ecosystem function and the services that ecosystems provide. Diversity is threatened by habitat loss, invasive species, and global climate change. Willamette Daisy (Erigeron decumbens), an endangered species, has been reintroduced at two different sites
(Field 29 and 8N) within William L....
The results of an investigation into carrier dynamics in several novel functionalized and solution-processable pentacene and anthradithiophene derivatives are reported. Measurements were made of real-time photoresponse of polycrystalline thin films of these materials to ultrafast laser pulses, on picosecond to microsecond time-scales, as well as measurements of dark current and...
The 36 samples collected with a 22-foot semi-balloon shrimp
trawl at depths from 40 to 1,829 meters off the central coast of
Oregon between July 1961 and June 1962 provided preliminary data
on the distribution, species composition, and associations of benthic
fishes with respect to depth and sediment type.
Sixty-seven...
This thesis examines the nature of evidence in scholarship on peer review in composition studies. I argue that the nature of evidence present in scholarship on peer review over the past three decades is typically anecdotal, theoretical, and based on limited case studies. I argue that peer review research in...
Published December 1949. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
In the first experiment the minimum dietary toxic levels of vitamin A were determined in pregnant rabbits over three parities. The treatments consisted of basal diet plus 10,000, 30,000, 60,000, and 90,000 IU/Kg added vitamin A. The basal diet was formulated to be free of vitamin A and beta-carotene; rice...
The Corps of Engineers is in a position to dominate the formulation
and implementation of public policy at a given local level. The
position is based on the Corps' capability to influence the decision-making
process through the exercise of force by means of eminent
domain procedures, the assumption and demonstration...
Millions of acres of rangeland in the western U.S. is shared habitat by elk (Cervus canadensis), mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus), and cattle (Bos taurus). Potential competition between these ungulates for the same forage species can be understood from their diet composition. I used DNA metabarcoding methods with trnL primers to...
High Performance Computing can find ubiquitous applications in the industry. HPC-applications are specifically designed to take advantage of the parallel nature of the computing systems which is often enabled by Multi-core/Many-core architectures. With this advent of Multi-processors in the mainstream systems, inter-core communication has been one of the major challenges...
The central purposes of this study were to review the
historical sources of David Kolb's formulation of experiential
learning theory, and to determine the effect and
application of Kolb's theory and Learning Style Inventory
as reflected in the literature between 1971 and 1990.
It was found that Kolb based his...
Isotopic characterization of carbon in the dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) pool is fundamental for a wide array of scientific studies directly related to gas hydrate research. In order to generate integrated and internally consistent data of δ¹³C of DIC in pore waters from Hydrate Ridge, we used the modern continuous...
Agonistic behavior among three species of Microtus live-trapped
near Corvallis, Oregon was recorded in order to interpret habitat
segregation by the species in areas of syrnpatry. The method used to
measure agonistic interaction was similar to that of Colvin (1970).
Agonistic behavior was recorded under red light in a neutral...
The purposes of the study were to explore the possibility of
relationships existing among clothing behavior, attitudes toward
certain clothing standards, interest in clothes, religious orthodoxy,
and conformity among a group of Seventh-day Adventist college girls;
and to determine whether or not factors of socio-economic level,
type of secondary education...
Earlier this year a White Paper from the Norwegian Minister of the Environment presented a new, holistic, area-based management plan for the Norwegian part of the Barents Sea, including the Fishery protection zone around Svalbard. The plan will provide guidelines for managing human activities in relation to their use and...
The data presented in this report demonstrate significant improvements
in the ability to constrain trace element and Sr isotopic
concentrations in sediments overlying ridge-flank hydrothermal
systems. Improved sampling methods orchestrated by the Integrated
Ocean Drilling Program (i.e., advanced piston coring and
anoxic sample processing) enabled the collection of reactive pore...
A stable-isotope stratigraphy at Site 846 (tropical Pacific, 3°06'S, 90°49'W, 3307 m water depth), based on the benthic
foraminifers Cibicides wuellerstorfi and Uvigerina peregrina, yields a high-resolution record of deep-sea δ¹⁸O and δ¹³C over the
past 1.8 Ma, with an average sampling interval of 3 k.y. Variance in the δ¹⁸O...
A publication containing advice on a wide range of gardening topics, including composting, container gardens, fall/winter gardens, fertilizing, insect pests, plant diseases, planting guidelines, raised beds, site selection, slugs, soil improvement, tilling, warm-season crops, watering, and weeds. Includes regional tips for various parts of Oregon.
Full Text:
a good chance you can garden almost year-round with a little extra effort. Many cool-season crops
The New Zealand Ministry of Fisheries recently set out a strategic approach to managing the adverse effects of fishing on the aquatic environment. The primary purpose of this Strategy for Managing the Environmental Effects of Fishing (SMEEF) is to set out how the Ministry of Fisheries will meet its environmental...
The inability to find a solution – acceptable to sufficient stakeholders to achieve political agreement - to effectively adjust fisheries resources management systems and sector policies lies at the heart of most overexploitation tragedies. For developing countries the application of a technological approach - focusing on rights, maximizing single, economic...
At the 2001 WTO Ministerial Conference in Doha, World Trade Ministers called for improved disciplines on fisheries subsidies, given the perceived impact of these subsidies in contributing to overfishing, overcapacity and other trade distortions. Subsequent deliberations have sought to determine which fisheries subsidies should be disciplined under the WTO framework....
Commercial property rights in New Zealand are designed to address utilisation and sustainability issues relating to single-stock management. However, commercial property rights may not provide incentives that address environmental impacts of fishing if these impacts do not affect the value of the property right. But is it really that simple?...
We used spatial optimization to analyze alternative restoration scenarios and quantify tradeoffs for a large, multifaceted restoration program to restore resiliency to forest landscapes in the western US. We specifically examined tradeoffs between provisional ecosystem services, fire protection, and the amelioration of key ecological stressors. The results revealed that attainment...
Western juniper has increased in density and distribution in the interior Pacific Northwest since the late 1800s. Management
goals for many juniper woodlands are now focused on reducing tree densities and promoting biodiversity, prompting the use of
fuel reduction treatments. Fuel reduction often involves mechanical cutting and disturbances such as...
Subsurface inputs into lotic systems are a primary mechanism for cooling streams with high ambient water temperatures. Objectives of this study include: 1) to determine the effectiveness of Forward Looking Infrared (FLIR) thermal imagery to detect shallow
aquifers, 2) to characterize certain physical, spatial, and temporal characteristics of the fluvial,...
Water temperature is an essential property of a stream. Temperature regulates
physical and biochemical processes in aquatic habitats. Various factors related to
climatic conditions, landscape characteristics, and channel structure directly influence
stream temperature. Numerous studies indicate that increased average air temperature
during the past century has led to stream warming...
Inorganic structures play an important role in materials due to their versatility and diversity. A complete understanding of the structure of a material is vital to enhance the creation of new materials that fill voids in research. The rational design of these compounds is driven by the exploitation of structure-property...
When your children are about to start formal schooling, you may worry: “Are they ready?” or “Have I done enough?”
Actually, you may have taught your children more than you realize. You’ve helped them learn basic survival skills. You’ve taught them to feed themselves, cross a street, and get along...
Because riparian canopy controls most energy inputs to stream
ecosystems, it directly affects the structure of aquatic food webs and the
ecological processes that govern interactions among trophic levels. This
study addresses the interdependence among riparian canopy, benthic
community structure, and the carrying capacity of high desert streams for
salmonid...
The project objectives were to determine the possibility of raising the subterranean water in adequate amounts by installation of an underground weir; to determine what type of structure would be most feasible; and to formulate a biological evaluation program if the first two objectives were accomplished. Tex Creek, tributary to...
Clear Creek, tributary of North Fork John Day River, is a mountain stream located in the Blue Mountains of eastern Oregon. It joins Granite Creek about 1.5 miles below the old abandoned mining town of Granite. Gravel removed from Clear Creek by gold dredging activity was replaced in a 3.37-mile...
Novel mucosal vaccines (LL-M2e, LL-HAe, SG-HAe) were constructed from live, non-pathogenic Lactococcus lactis or Streptococcus gordonii that express conserved regions of HA or M2 antigens from avian influenza virus (AIV) A. All three vaccines evoked antigen-specific serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) responses in vaccinated chickens. The addition of the adjuvant cholera...
Published October 1978. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Published April 1962. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Published March 1961. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Published September 1970. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
BACKGROUND: Goals for reduction of adolescent American health risks include reduction of
prevalence of early initiation of sexual activity among teens in the United States to <15% for
fifteen year olds and <40% for seventeen year olds. Such a prevalence reduction would
concomitantly reduce the risks for both unwanted teen...
The results of a new multispectral infrared retrieval scheme for obtaining fractional cloud cover and 11-μm emissivity are compared with those of the spatial coherence method which obtains fractional cloud cover assuming that the clouds are opaque at infrared wavelengths. Both methods are applied to 4-km NOAA advanced very high...
The subduction of the oceanic spreading center at the Chile Triple Junction is marked by a substantial thermal perturbation
and marked changes in the hydrogeologic and aqueous geochemical regimes in the overthrust plate. Ridge subduction substantially
changes the fluid chemistry in the wedge through variably hydrating the oceanic basement, accretionary...
The isotopic compositions of interstitial waters collected from Hydrate
Ridge during Ocean Drilling Program Leg 204 were measured to
evaluate the fluid evolution of this accretionary prism. At shallow
depths, the dissolved Cl- concentrations and δD and δ¹⁸O values of the
interstitial water reflect changes in the salinity and the...
Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Leg 138 was designed to study the late Neogene paleoceanography of the equatorial Pacific Ocean at time scales of thousands to millions of years. Crucial to this objective was the acquisition of continuous, high-resolution sedimentary records. It is well known that between successive advanced piston corer...
Carbonate nodules and associated sediments from Ocean Drilling Program Leg 139 sites of the Middle Valley, Juan de Fuca Ridge, were studied using a combination of inorganic and organic geochemical techniques. The mineralogy and stable isotopic compositions defined three types of nodules, reflecting the conditions of carbonate precipitation. Nodule ingrowth...
Coring at ODP Sites 859, 860, and 861 near the Chile Triple Junction failed to recover anticipated gas hydrate that was inferred
to be present from two lines of geophysical evidence: pre-cruise observation of a weak to strong bottom simulating reflector (BSR)
marking the predicted base of the gas-hydrate stability...
Ocean Drilling Program Hole 896A (1°13.01'N, 83°43.39'W) is
in 3440 m of water east of the Galapagos Platform in the equatorial
eastern Pacific Ocean. At this site in 5.9 Ma crust, basement rocks
were recovered over the depth range of 195.1 meters below seafloor
(mbsf) to 469 mbsf. These rocks...
Results of ⁴⁰Ar–³⁹Ar Ar dating constrain the age of the submerged volcanic succession, part of the seaward-dip ping reflector sequence of the Southeast Greenland volcanic rifted margin, recovered during Leg 163. At the 3°Ne 6 drilling transect, the fully normally magnetized volcanic units at Holes 989B (Unit 1) and 990A...
⁴⁰Ar-³⁹Ar incremental heating experiments were performed on volcanic rocks recovered by drilling during Ocean Drilling Program Leg 152, southeast Greenland Margin (63°N), and Deep Sea Drilling Project Leg 81, southwest Rockall Plateau (56°N). Both of these legs drilled into thick sections of submerged lava flows, known as seaward-dipping reflector sequences,...