Building upon Deci and Ryan's (1985, 1991) self-determination theory as well as
previous empirical work on motivation, the present study was designed to develop a
multifaceted 31-item Exercise Motivation Scale (EMS). A series of pilot studies were
first conducted in order to generate the 31 scale items. The EMS was...
Self-determination theory suggests that social contexts that promote a sense of autonomy, competence, and relatedness will increase internalization of behavioral regulation and lead to more self-determined forms of motivation, the prototype of which is intrinsic motivation. A positive relationship between internalization of exercise behavior regulation and actual levels of exercise...
A life course perspective provide a meta-theoretical framework to understand human development. This perspective is characterized by studying the changing lives within the changing environment (George, 2004). Building upon the literature in the psychosocial paradigm and ecological models, Manuscript 1 discusses the uniqueness and the practical importance of a life...
Individuals who have been traumatized have the opportunity to experience posttraumatic growth, conceptualized as positive changes that result from navigating highly challenging life circumstances (Tedeschi & Calhoun, 2004). The current model of posttraumatic growth (Calhoun, Cann, & Tedeschi, 2010) is based solely on cognitive-emotional processing yet by examining the role...
Shame is a debilitating inner experience elicited by the negative self-appraisal of one's entire self, and is characterized by a deep-seated sense of being flawed, defective, and therefore unworthy of acceptance and belonging (Brown, 2006). Although significant research has explored self-conscious emotions, including shame, little has been done to examine...
The purpose of this study was to investigate the stages of exercise change, the levels of physical activity, and barriers to exercise among Kuwaiti individuals with and without disabilities. This study was conducted on 100 participants (50 males and 50 females) aged from 18 to 55 years. Stage of exercise...
The purpose of this study was to explore the relationships between weight stigma consciousness, perceived body appearance, social physique anxiety, and the health outcomes of physical activity levels and eating behaviors. Select precursors were also examined. These relationships were based on Harter's model of self-worth. Two-hundred fifteen adults with a...
The National Women's Health Information Center reports that domestic violence is the leading cause of injury to American women and that nearly one-third of American women have been physically assaulted by their significant other at some point in their lives. These women often experience depression, low self-esteem, anxiety, posttraumatic stress...
As college students transition to life away from their parental home, the need to make independent decisions regarding their eating and exercise behaviors is evident. This life transition may be a critical period for establishment of long term behavior patterns with potential impact on health, disease and weight balance. This...
The presence of an increased accumulation of intraabdominal fat (IAF) has been linked to dyslipidemia, hyperinsulinemia, and hyperglycemia, which precede the development of type 2 diabetes and coronary artery disease (CAD). It has been shown that IAF begins depostition during childhood. Human studies suggest that regular endurance exercise, that does...
In many ways, losing a job is like losing part of
yourself. Your lifestyle suddenly changes. Schedules
and routines that controlled a large part of
your time are no longer there. You lose contact
with former co-workers and friends.
Four young trained men were studied during 50 min of continuous
bicycle ergometer exercise [30 min at 60%, 15 min at 80%,
and 5 min at 90% maximal heart rate (MHR)] to elucidate changes
in fuel metabolism resulting from a glycogen depletion-repletion
regimen, and to determine the effect of supplemental...
Previous studies suggest that vitamin B-6 supplementation can alter fuel metabolism during
exercise and plasma amino acid levels at rest. To examine the effect of vitamin B-6
supplementation on plasma fuel substrates and amino acid levels during exercise, five trained
males (age: 29±7; V0₂ max: 54.7±6.2 ml/kg/min) performed two separate...
The effects of an 11-week jogging program on the plasma lipid
fractions and clotting time of 19 late adolescent males (18 to 19
years) were investigated. Total lipids, triglycerides, total and free
cholesterol, phospholipids, non-esterified fatty acids, and clotting
time of plasma were determined. Statistical analysis was applied
to the...
A study of student performance in relation to concentrated color
in the environment was conducted in an elementary school near
Portland, Oregon. Third grade classrooms served as laboratories,
with the total third grade student population of 83 students serving as
subjects.
The project covered a four week period of time....
The purpose of this study was to explore the relationships between
the similarity of food preferences among parents and children,
and parent attitudes.
Thirty-five children of preschool ages and their parents served
as subjects for this study. All children were enrolled in preschool
programs established by the = Family Life...
The purpose of the study was to explore the possible acceptance of
metric conversion for clothing sizes and sizing standardization by a
selected sample of female ready-to-wear clothing consumers.
A questionnaire was designed to elicit consumer's positive or negative
attitudes toward metric conversion for clothing sizes and sizing
standardization. The...
Individuals participating in the enviromental sport activity courses of backpacking-orienteering, mountaineering, and scuba diving responded to pre- and post - test trials of the Self-Cathexis Scale ard the Body-Oathexis Scale. Two control groups composed of random samples of the university student population reponded to the Self-Cathexis Scale Body-Cathexis Scale: one...
The purpose of this study was to assess reactions to and
opinions about color and color performance by women ages 45 to 54
years. Hypotheses were developed to test relationships and differences
between both perception and acceptance of color change and:
1) the three primary colors, 2) the two methods...
In response to the growing preference for the small family, this study was carried cut to acquire information about women who expect zero, one, or two children. The purposes of the study were: to identify the cultural and socioeconomic characteristics of these women; and to determine which of these characteristics...
The goal of the study was to investigate the relationship between
nonverbal behaviors and frustration. As a part of the study an
instrument for the observation of nonverbal behaviors related to
frustration was developed.
The specific hypotheses investigated in this study were the
following:
Hypothesis One - A valid and...
The significance of dress in a first encounter situation has
been demonstrated empirically: clothing serves as a vehicle for communicating
information from one person to another. Thus, it is influential
in affecting the formation of first impressions. This
study was undertaken to explore the elements of dress that are most...
The purpose of this research was to determine whether feedback
from vocational interest inventories leads to the arousal of psychological
reactance. The data for the study was collected from 80 male
and female subjects who were first year students at Oregon State University
enrolled in Psychology 111, Personal Development.
The...
Typologies of intimate violence are part of an emerging paradigm towards a multifaceted, multi-theoretical approach to understanding the causes and effects of intimate violence. For this new paradigm to be implemented into research and practice, there are several gaps in the knowledge base that must be addressed. In particular, there...
Published August 1980. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Published March 1981. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
In this creative non-fiction thesis, I present a collection of personal essays that examine my significant moments of awkwardness with failed communications or frustrated relationships when I wanted to draw people closer with language, but was unsuccessful. In the twelve stories, I discuss these issues in my interpersonal communication interwoven...
Designed to help you understand loss and grief and respond to the grief of others; emphasizes losses experienced in later life, however most information is equally applicable to grief throughout adulthood. Covers the fundamental steps involved in the grieving process—accepting loss, experiencing grief, adjusting to change, and reinvesting emotional energy...
Declared out of print July 2010. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
A common perspective promoted by health care professionals is that exercise may help reduce symptoms and improve activities of daily living among persons with multiple sclerosis (MS). Yet, the effects of resistance exercise on power, functional mobility, and fatigue are largely unknown. The purpose of this study was to examine...
The purpose of this study was to identify significant differences
in body composition, body cathexis, and attitudes toward obesity
of women in various age groups involved in different levels of physical
exercise.
A total of 216 women, ranging in age from 17 to 64, took part in
this study. They...
The treatment of certain types of cancers brings with it serious physiological and
psychological side effects in cancer survivors, including: decreased aerobic capacity,
muscle wasting, body composition changes, fatigue, and a diminished overall quality of
life. Exercise may directly influence the physiological side effects of cancer and cancer
treatment, and...
To examine the potential for exercise to build bone mass during growth, objectives of this dissertation included: 1) determine the effects of 7 months of jumping followed by 7 months of detraining on hip and spine bone mass in the prepubertal children; 2) determine variables that best predict bone mineral...
Resistance training is widely prescribed for rehabilitation of injuries and as a method to improve athletic performance. It is accepted that resistance training increases the maximal force production of whole muscle and it has been suggested that the velocity of shortening can increase as well. However, little is known about...
We evaluated anthropometric and performance measures which best predict bone
mineral density (BMD) in 54 adolescent girls (14.6±0.5y; 22.7±14.0 months past
menarche). BMD for the whole body, femoral neck, greater trochanter, lumbar spine (L2-L4), and mid-femoral shaft was assessed using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA)
(Hologic QDR 1000/W). Whole body lean...
Adaptation to role transitions can have various
outcomes. Health and demographic characteristics as well
as environmental control have been shown to affect the
transition to the role of patient. The acutely ill
elderly's adaptation to the role of hospitalized patient
has not been measured from the elderly patient's
perspective.
This...
The purpose of this study was to determine whether changes in physical space
impacted preschool children's cooperative behavior. These changes in physical space
included differentiated and undifferentiated ceiling height and wall color.
This study used an experimental design with subjects experiencing four
conditions each. The sample consisted of 30 preschool...
One of the most powerful and life-changing events that can occur in the life of a family is
the death of a child. Researchers who have studied death and bereavement suggest that a
child's death has a dramatic impact on parents. However, little is known about the ways
in which...
Losing your job is one of the most stressful events
you can experience. Losing a job forces you,
against your wishes, to make rapid changes in
your life. It is important to continue your normal
routines in order to reduce the number of changes
you make at one time.
Online shopping is one of the fastest growing forms of shopping with sales reaching $141.4 billion in 2004 (Shop.org, 2005). With the tremendous growth of online retailing, and the prevalence of impulse buying today, this study's purpose was to investigate the internal and external factors of impulse buying in an...
The death of a child is a traumatic family event. This qualitative study examined the experiences of parents and grandparents in 10 families who had lost a baby to SIDS, stillbirth, or birth defects. Key questions focused on support given and received, meanings attributed to the loss, continuing bonds, and...
In this paper, my aim is to call attention to the meanings women attach to their
birthing experiences using the symbolic interaction perspective in conjunction with a
feminist lens. I argue that the obstetrical model of childbirth defines the course of the
relationship between the laboring woman and attendant, limiting...
The purpose of this research study was to test a psychological theory of motivation called the Flow Theory by Csikszentmihalyi as it relates to non-industrial textile production activities. In using the Flow Theory, researchers attempt to explain why individuals continue participation with a specific activity; namely that the activity induces...
The purpose of the study was to investigate the relationships
among satisfaction with clothing, satisfaction with physical appearance,
concern over weight, self-esteem, and participation in leisure-time
activities among a sample of full-time homemakers.
To test these relationships, five measures were used. Satisfaction
with clothing was measured by comparing the actual...
The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship
between innovativeness in clothing and textiles and; self rating of
innovativeness, adoption leadership, venturesomeness, perceived
sewing competence, age, education, social status characteristics,
social participation, sources of information, and continuation of
learning.
The sample consisted of 67 women who sew who...
The purpose of the study was to investigate relationships among
time orientation, clothing influentials, importance of selected garment
characteristics, sources of clothing information, and clothing values.
The measures developed for the study were a clothing influential
measure, a garment characteristic measure, and a source of clothing
information measure.
Two measures...
A computer simulation was developed as a technique for
studying the effects of the process dynamics on the operator's
sampling and control behavior. This methodology was
used to study the effects of the process input memory
variation in the presence of different observation noise
levels. It was concluded that the...
Five NAIA intercollegiate men's basketball teams and 53 players
served as subjects to determine the role pre-game anxiety played in
basketball game performance. The study involved four games in which
Western Oregon State College competed against other small colleges
in Oregon during the 19 -81 season. Performance in basketball was...
Perception between people is part of the process of nonverbal
communication. Person perception including body, facial expression,
facial features, and clothing is part of the process that results
in the formation of impressions of persons by each other.
The purpose of this study was to investigate clothing perception
and develop...
The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship
between the self-body cathexis of obese women and their attitudes
toward physical activity. Fifty inventories were used for the
research in this project. The volunteer subjects' ages ranged from
18 to 45 with a mean age of 28.9 years. The...
The study's goal was to develop and initially validate the Food
Fantasies Questionnaire, a self-report therapeutic and research
instrument which assesses the occurrence and content of highly
irrational food cognitions (fantasies) common to eating disorders in
relation to seven theoretically derived factors characterisic of the
disorders: fear, anxiety, revulsion, pleasure,...
I assessed influences on women's attitudes toward and experiences with menarche and menstruation using feminist qualitative methodologies. Bronfenbrenner's ecological model interpreted through a feminist lens was the organizing framework for the study, focusing as it does on the sociohistorical and multilayered context wherein the women developed. Fourteen college women between...
Substantial research has shown deficits in the quality of end-of-life care in the U.S. In response to evidence of these deficits, efforts have been made to improve quality of end-of-life care. One approach has been to ask the question, "What is a good death?" Data on views of a good...
The primary purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of peer presence upon the health-related physical fitness test scores of college students. A total of 312 undergraduate college students, 156 males and 156 females, 18 through 29 years of age, randomly selected from the physical education activity...
The purpose of this study was to examine whether participants can form impressions and make inferences about a hotel based only on the physical environment or design of the hotel lobby. The study investigated how the interior arrangement, furnishings and other aspects of hotel lobbies influenced participants' first impressions and...
This study focused on people’s emotional responses to curvilinear and rectilinear lines in interior environments. Emotional reactions towards simulated interior settings were tested by having subjects complete an online survey. The survey tested respondents’ emotional reactions triggered by different forms of furniture. The survey included questions about six simulated interior...
The purpose of the present study was to determine consumer perceptions of apparel products in Internet shopping. According to the existing literature, four categories of perceptions play primary roles for apparel shopping consumer decisions: apparel appearance, apparel comfort, fabric characteristics, and apparel fit. The present study aimed to observe how...
High impact loading activities such as jumping, performed during childhood is advocated as one preventive method for increasing peak bone mass. Thus, we conducted a randomized intervention to examine the effect of high impact loading on bone mass in 34 pre-pubescent boys and girl over a seven month period. Participants...
The purpose of this study was to measure plasma B-6 vitamers, and other factors which may affect the plasma concentrations of these vitamers under extreme physical conditions. Blood samples were drawn from 8 men and 3 women (43.7 ± 8.6 years) 30 minutes prior to the start of a 50-km...
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) and abdominal obesity (AbOb) increase the risk of
developing cardiovascular disease and diabetes. Energy restriction (ER), highprotein
(PRO) intake and high-intensity interval training (HIT) can independently
improve MetS and AbOb. However, ER reduces metabolically active lean body
mass (LBM) in addition to body fat (BF). Purpose: To...
Window displays are an important means by which retailers communicate with both current and potential consumers. The present study investigated how the use of context setting (with or without) in a window display and background music (with or without) influence consumers' mental imagery, arousal response, attitude toward the display, and...
The goal of this study was to determine if the cardiorespiratory adaptations to an eight-week circuit weight training program are better measured with a biokinetic swim-bench test versus a standard treadmill test. The working hypothesis of the study was that since standard circuit weight training programs stress the upper body...
Given the high risk of relapse during the first year of exercise involvement, it is
important to determine the processes of self-motivation which enable novice exercisers to
become long-term maintainers. This study was designed to extend previous Stages of
Change (Prochaska & DiClemente, 1983) research by comparing the Possible Selves...
Introduction: Recent reports in exercise related bone research have shown increased bone mineral content (BMC) at the femoral neck for prepubescent children participating in exercise programs consisting of repeated drop landings from a height of 61 cm. Increases in BMC from this type of exercise are believed to be the...
The present study was designed to investigate the
effects of exercise on vitamin B-6 metabolism. Four groups
of subjects (intermittent, college, untrained, and high school)
consisting of nineteen male and two female individuals, participated
in the study. The subjects exercised either on a
bicycle ergometer, by running three 1500 meter...
The objectives of this study were a) to determine
if pyridoxine (PN) supplementation increases the rate at
which plasma urea and ammonia return to basal levels,
following exercise, b) to determine, by open circuit
calorimetry, the utilization of carbohydrates, and c) to
further understand vitamin B-6 metabolism during and
following...
The aim of the study was to explore the possibility of relationships
existing between the warmth and coolness of personal
coloring, certain personality characteristics, and the choice of
warmth or coolness in colors to be used for clothing.
A review of the literature dealing with color preferences indicated
that one...
The purpose of this study was to explore relationships between
clothing interest and body awareness, between clothing interest and
selected demographic variables for college men and women, and between
body awareness and selected demographic variables for college men and
women.
To assess these relationships two measures were used. Body
awareness,...
The present study was a modified replication of the two pioneer
works in the field of sport and ethnic groups by Pooley (1968)
and Tindall (1973). This study investigated whether participation in
an ethnic basketball league in Japanese-American communities affected
the rate of assimilation of two groups of Japanese-American, high-school...
This study sought to chronicle the increased presence of the
foreign athlete in NCAA Division I track and field and to assess the
competitive motivations of American and foreign track and field
athletes. Recruiting pipelines, as well as the successes of foreign
athletes on U.S. university track and field teams,...
The purpose of this experiment was to investigate the interactive effects of locus of control and instructional method on perceived self-efficacy with computers. The two instructional methods in this
experiment were intended to represent variations in the amount of control over the lesson that students
would have, the amount of...
The purpose of this study was to document, through
personal interviews, perceptions, attitudes and coping
skills utilized by women who have survived breast cancer
treated by mastectomy for at least 5 years without
recurrence.
A semi-structured interview guide was developed with
input from professionals in the field. The questions were...
The satisfaction-paradox, defined as the state of
being satisfied with objectively unsatisfactory living
conditions, represents a dysfunctional state of the poor
for both the government and individuals by creating long-term
poverty. Traditional rationales classify the reasons
for this phenomenon as conscious decisions of individuals
or shiftlessness and thereby results in...
In social and biological evolution, infelicity can operate as a driving
motor to force change. In this essay, for life other than human, infelicity is
equated with physical unfitness to compete for the resources of a specific
niche. For humanity it is defined as the result of an incongruity between...
Smoking patterns were described and compared retrospectively for 5395 participants in the Lung Health Study at 12 and 24 months. 3592 participants were assigned to a special intervention (SI) group that received a counseling assisted smoking cessation intervention that included nicotine gum and 1803 participants were assigned to a usual...
In this qualitative, phenomenological study I employed
oral history methodology, grounded in a life-span
developmental and feminist approach, to explore the
developmental importance of menarche in twenty older women's
"bodily histories." Menarche is an important developmental
event in the female life course because it represents a major
point of confluence...
The researcher explored interpersonal trust (a construct from the fields of psychology
and sociometry) in the context of engineering work groups. The study explored the potential
antecedents of trust and the relationships among trust, creativity, communication, emotional
empathy and positive affect. The study attempts to argue that 1) trust is...
The self-efficacy construct has been determined to be an effective method of
stimulating desired eating behavior in diabetics and obese adults and exercise behaviors in
pulmonary rehabilitation patients. Although the self-efficacy construct has been shown to
mediate eating habits, practical classroom application of the construct has been rarely used
in...
The purpose of this research study was to examine the effects
of infant massage on the interactions between high risk infants and
their caregivers. A population of nine high risk infants who
received infant massage was compared to 14 high risk infants who
did not receive infant massage. Both groups...