Equations are presented for predicting height to crown base (or bole ratio) for fourteen species of trees common to the mixed-conifer zone of southwest Oregon. Nonlinear regression was used to fit a weighted logistic function for each species. The independent variables include height, crown competition factor in larger trees, stand...
Equations are presented that predict individual-tree 5-year diameter growth, outside bark, for 14 tree species in southwest Oregon. The data used to develop the equations came from 19,245 trees sampled from 391 stands in the study area. These equations express diameter growth as a function of diameter at breast height,...
Equations and tables predicting gross total stem volumes in cubic feet are presented for Douglas-fir, grand fir, white fir, ponderosa pine, sugar pine, and incense-cedar. The data were gathered in second-growth, mixed-conifer stands of southwest Oregon. The basic equations use diameter outside bark at breast height and total tree height...
Largest crown width (LCW) equations for stand-grown trees were developed for 14 tree species found in western Oregon. The equations are used in the growth-and-yield model ORGANON and in the stand-visualization program VIZ4ST. They were constructed such that LCW equals the maximum crown width
of open-grown trees when the crown...
Tools woodland owners need to measure property acreage, boundaries, and characteristics of standing timber, including individual log volumes, are described.
Tarif numbers are essential for calculating the volume of standing timber on forest land. This publication includes comprehensive tarif numbers for six species of Oregon timber--Douglas-fir, grand fir, ponderosa pine, red alder, western hemlock, and western redcedar--and the corresponding tree volumes.
Published October 1983. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Selling timber by the tree or by the thousand board feet is a
business proposition. Both the seller and the buyer must know the
quality and the quantity of the products being sold.
Published October 1946. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Revised June 1982. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Tarif access and tree volume tables in this publication are for Douglas-fir, grand fir, ponderosa pine, red alder, western hemlock, and western redcedar. Tarif numbers range from 15 to 60, allowing you to estimate virtually any tree volume for the listed species, based on diameter at breast height (DBH) and...
Woodland owners routinely want to measure property acreage,
boundaries, ground slope, various characteristics of standing
timber, and individual log volumes. Different tools are
required for each of these tasks.
One of the most important challenges facing foresters is the
development of a raw material measurement system designed to give
a complete inventory of log volume and to assist in planning the complete
management of log production. This paper introduces a concept
of production analysis in terms of solid fiber...
This study was a test of eight basal area factors and five point
sampling cluster patterns in a computer oriented sampling study of
coastal Alaska old-growth spruce-hemlock stands. It was an attempt
to learn which basal area factor and which type of point sample cluster
pattern should be used in...
Measurement error (ME) is a component of any study involving the use of actual measurements, but is often not recognized or is ignored. The consequences of MEs on estimates of tree and stand attributes and the parameters and predictions of forest models can be varied and severe, including the presence...
This study was initiated to determine the accuracy and limits
of the height-accumulation method of measuring tree volume and
surface area for Pacific Northwest second-growth trees. Thirty
trees were selected from various thinning treatments in a 55 year
old Douglas-fir forest. Each tree was measured with the highly
accurate Barr...
The procedures outlined in this publication show you how to estimate standing volume and annual growth of timber stands—areas that are uniform in age, stand characteristics, and species. Estimates of volume and growth are helpful in planning when to harvest or how much to remove in a thinning operation. These...
This publication is a spreadsheet with accompanying instructions. It allows timber owners to compare the pricing strategies for four different mills to determine which mill specifications will return the highest possible revenue based on the dimensions of trees on the landowner’s property.
Equations for predicting the 5-yr height growth rate of a tree are presented for six conifer species from southwest Oregon. Equations for the combination of undamaged and damaged trees were estimated with weighted nonlinear regression techniques. These equations are being incorporated into the new southwest Oregon version of ORGANON, a...
This paper presents equations developed to predict the height to live crown base of six species in the central western Willamette Valley of Oregon. Weighted nonlinear regression was used to fit a separate logistic equation for each species. The predictor variables are total tree height, crown competition factor in trees...
The Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) program conducts an annual inventory throughout the United States. In the western United States, 10% of all plots (one panel) are measured annually, and a moving average is used for estimating current condition and change of forest attributes while alternative methods are sought in...
Published April 1984. A newer revision exists. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
This publication describes measurements used to buy and sell timber products. Managing woodland property offers you the opportunity to harvest a variety of products, depending on timber quality and quantity, harvest economics, and market availability. Among these products are saw logs, peeler logs, pulpwood, fuelwood, poles, piling, and posts. Knowledge...
This study was initiated and designed, first, to determine the reliability of the stocking survey system, and, second, to construct free hand curves which would give the ratio of percent of stocking to number of trees per acre.
Summaries from 49 published articles on site-index and dominant-height growth curves and equations are presented for 20 tree species or species groups found in California, Oregon, Washington, British Columbia, southeastern Alaska, Idaho, and western Montana. The summaries are organized by species. Each summary describes the modeling approach, type of curves/equations,...
Summaries from 49 published articles on tree volume and taper equations are presented for 39 tree species found in California, Oregon, Washington, British Columbia, southeast Alaska, Idaho, and western Montana. The summaries are organized by species and then by type of equation (volume or taper). Each summary describes the types...
Aerial photo cruising that can be accomplished quickly, cheaply and with a satisfactory degree of accuracy has been the goal of many forest mensurationists throughout the world. As early as 1925, photo cruising was accomplished successfully by Professor R. Hugershoff and his associates in Germany. The development of this technique...
The purpose of this thesis was to investigate the use of weights in least squares regression volume table construction and thereby to determine the importance of the assumption of homogeniety of tree volume variance. Several weighted and unweighted linear regression equations were investigated using data from 340 Douglas-fir Pseudotsuga menziesii...
This study was initiated to determine the relative efficiency
of systematic, stratified and simple random sampling for crown area
and tree frequency estimation of five of the major forest types found
in the Pacific Northwest. Several of the more common methods of
estimating spatial distribution coefficients were evaluated. Finally
the...
Hann and Scrivani (1987) developed dominant height growth equations for Douglas- fir in southwest Oregon using stem analysis data sets with an upper age of approximately 125 years at breast height. The objective of this study was to determine whether these equations could be extrapolated for ages of 250 years...
Equations for predicting tree height as a function of diameter outside bark at
breast height are presented for various tree species common to southwest
Oregon. Data for damaged and undamaged trees were analyzed with weighted
nonlinear regression techniques. The effects of specific damaging agents and
their severity on the height-diameter...
This workbook is a companion to OSU Extension publication EM 9058, Measuring Your Trees. Before using this workbook, collect data following the procedures outlined in EM 9058. Then enter your data in this workbook to automatically calculate several stand volume and growth measurements and generate a printable summary report.
Three equations for predicting tree height as a function of diameter (outside
bark) at breast height are presented for six species found in coastal regions of
the Pacific Northwest. Foresters can use these “height–diameter” equations
to avoid the time-consuming task of measuring heights of all individual trees
in an inventory,...
Disaggregative and individual-tree/distance-independent modeling methods are
compared and contrasted. Differences between the two are related to differences in functional
and apparent resolution and may be illustrated using aggregation theory. When considering
models of different levels of resolution describing a given phenomenon, invariance with respect
to the aggregation implied (symmetry) may...
Recently concerns over anthropogenic carbon pollution have received increased global attention and research in forest biomass and carbon sequestration has gained momentum. Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) remote sensing has in the last decade demonstrated forest measurement and biomass estimation potential. The project objective was to compare LiDAR forest biomass...
Equations for predicting height from diameter outside bark at breast height (DBH) were generated for 24 tree species in western Oregon. The equations were based on the asymptotic Chapman-Richards function. Because geographic location and site productivity may influence height-diameter relationships, height-diameter measures from 8727 plots were first grouped by site...
As a preliminary step toward the establishment of a
70 mm. aerial photo timber inventory system capable of
generating accurate stand tables, stock tables, and gross
volume estimates, this project focuses on the development
of a system which (1) eliminates the need to measure tree
height on the photos through...
Equations for predicting individual-tree height growth per 5-year period are presented for Douglas-fir, white fir, grand fir, ponderosa pine, sugar pine, and incense-cedar growing in the mixed-conifer zone of southwest Oregon. The data used to develop the equations came from 3,648 trees sampled from 391 stands in the study area....
Equations for predicting the 5-yr diameter-growth rate of a tree are presented for eight conifer and nine hardwood tree species from southwest Oregon. Equation parameters for undamaged and damaged trees combined were estimated by weighted nonlinear regression. The resulting equation for Douglas-fir [Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco] explained more than 71%...
Equations for predicting height to crown base are presented for tree species from southwest Oregon. Equations for undamaged and damaged trees were estimated with weighted nonlinear regression techniques. The effects of specific damaging agents on the height to crown base were explored, and damage correction factors were estimated. The damage...
Equations for predicting the probability of a tree's dying in the
next 5 years are presented for eight conifer and eight hardwood
tree species from southwest Oregon. A logistic equation form was
used to characterize the probability of mortality. The parameters
of the equation were estimated using weighted, maximum likelihood...
Woodland owners need site classification information for the same reasons as other owners, managers, and officials. Fortunately, it is available for most areas.
Terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) may provide a way to increase timber value recovery by replacing manual timber cruising with a simple-to-use, cost-effective alternative. TLS has been studied in several trials worldwide. Past studies have not compared TLS based estimates with mill estimates of stem value and volume.
Three differently stocked...
This paper describes the concepts and operations of two programs, SLASH, which simulates forest-residue populations, and INTRSCT, which performs line intersect residue inventories on these populations. Program SLASH creates residue pieces on a 5.07 -acre square area to specified orientation and spatial distributions. The user can specify constant geometric piece...
Procedures outlined in this publication show how to estimate standing volume and annual growth of individual timber stands that are relatively uniform in species, age, size, and density. Estimates of volume and growth are helpful in planning when to harvest or how much to remove in a thinning operation. These...
Much of the native riparian vegetation of the Willamette Valley, Oregon, has been replaced with agricultural crops or invasive non-native plant species. Detailed information about current Willamette Valley riparian vegetation is generally lacking. Plant specie composition data are useful in a variety of applications, including condition assessment, environmental monitoring and...
Published February 1998. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Oregon has several forest tax and assessment programs. All forestland
owners pay an annual property tax. Some owners may owe a severance
tax on cut timber, depending on how their forestland is classified for tax purposes. All harvesters of Oregon timber pay a Forest
Products Harvest Tax (FPHT) on harvested...
Published July 1998. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Equations for predicting diameter growth are an essential component of single-tree growth and yield models (Munro 1974). Diameter
growth predictions are used to characterize individual-tree development and to project the growth of stand basal area and volume. Both diameter growth and basal area growth have been used as the dependent...
Lidar is able to provide height and cover information which can be used to estimate selected forest attributes precisely. However, for users to evaluate whether the additional cost and complication associated with using Lidar merits adoption requires that the protocol to use lidar be thoroughly described and that a basis...