Quaking aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx) is a species with high phenotypic plasticity and a broad distribution that, in the last decade, has experienced climate stress-induced mortality called Sudden Aspen Decline (SAD). In order to help mitigate the effects of SAD in the future, we need a better understanding of aspen’s...
The American philosopher and literary critic Kenneth Burke was an "ideologist" (although he never called himself this, and added to that, he spent most of his life avoiding the Marxist term of ideology to describe human "systems" of ideas). Burke instead used the terms "orientation," "rationalization," "perspective." "critical perspective," "way...
Experimental evolution is a tool that allows us to measure changes in populations over time in controlled, novel environments. Microbial evolution experiments use cryopreservation – storage at -80°C in glycerol media – to archive experimental populations. Research with Escherichia coli suggests that cryopreservation conditions can affect cell viability and that...
Quaking aspens (Populus tremuloides Michx.) are found in diverse habitats throughout North America. While the biogeography of aspens' distribution has been documented, the drivers of the phenotypic diversity of aspen are still being explored. In our study, we examined differences in climate between northern and southwestern populations of aspen, finding...
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, phyloclimatic modeling.
Correspondence
BurkeT. Greer, Forest Ecosystems and
Society, Oregon State University
Quaking aspens (Populus tremuloides Michx.) are found in diverse habitats throughout North America. While the biogeography of aspens' distribution has been documented, the drivers of the phenotypic diversity of aspen are still being explored. In our study, we examined differences in climate between northern and southwestern populations of aspen, finding...
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Kira, T. (1991). Forest Ecosystems of East and Southeast-Asica in a Global Perspective
Quaking aspens (Populus tremuloides Michx.) are found in diverse habitats throughout North America. While the biogeography of aspens' distribution has been documented, the drivers of the phenotypic diversity of aspen are still being explored. In our study, we examined differences in climate between northern and southwestern populations of aspen, finding...
Quaking aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.), a widespread and keystone tree species in North America, experienced heat and drought stress in the years 2002 and 2003 in the southwestern United States. This led to widespread aspen mortality that has altered the composition of forests, and is expected to occur again if...
T cells are one of the key cells in the immune system. Although they are not the first line of defense against a pathogen, their functions can greatly enhance the phagocytosis and destruction of pathogens as well as the development of antibody responses. Furthermore, even when responding T cells have...
"Salads are not a food of nutriment but are healthful because of mineral salts, which contain cooling and crispness properties--variety they give the diet.
And salads should be served at every luncheon and dinner, the meat salad being served at luncheon or supper, while the lighter in dietetic value with...
Bread is a kind of food made of the flour or meal of some species of grain, by kneading it (with the addition of a little salt, and sometimes sugar) into a dough, yeast being commonly added to cause fermentation or "lightness", and then baking it. The yeast causes alcoholic...
Certain uncooked plants, fruits, nuts, cooked vegetables
and meats seasoned with condiments and dresses
with oils constitute what is known as salads.
The salad plant contains no appreciable amount
of nutriment, yet are, owing to their crispness and
cooling properties, an indispensable portion of the
ideal dinner, and are aids...
In the educational wave that is sweeping our country from ocean to ocean, technical education is at its crest, and no phase is more popular than domestic science. Indeed it has such a hold upon public opinion that it is quite the fashion, a commendable fact, for as soon as...
Evolution, development and progress mark the pathway of mankind from the earliest history of the race to the present time. In art, science and literature, remarkable transformations have taken place; in habits, customs and modes of living; we have passed from the primitive conditions of wild, savage tribes to that...
Water is one of the primary wants of
human life no less essential than air and food hence
the strong and religious interest that has been
attached to the means of its supply. In the earliest
records of civilization we read of the digging of
wells and building of water...
In connection with the handicrafts which are cultivated because of their artistic or commercial value, and also because there is at the present time
a reaction toward hand work that tends to provide a market for the products of the craft-worker, the mind turns naturally to the only real handicraft...
The author has not previously had any course in
House Construction, but the inspiration for the these
was received from having seen the work done by a class
in that subject. The plans for the house, with the windows,
doors, cupboards in the kitchen, fireplaces, some
of the furniture and...
The rapid increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO₂) over the last 250 years has led to the absorption of approximately 550 billion tons of anthropogenic CO₂ by the global ocean. This oceanic uptake of CO₂ has resulted in decreasing pH and alterations to carbonate chemistry, threatening many ecologically and economically...
Osmotic stress is a common challenge faced by organisms in environments with variable salinity or aridity. Understanding the evolutionary mechanisms underlying adaptation to osmotic stress may have wide applications, including management of populations experiencing climate change, or engineering industrial organisms involved in processes such as fermentation. While Saccharomyces cerevisiae is...
Netarts Bay is a shallow, temperate, tidal lagoon located on the northern coast of Oregon and site of the Whiskey Creek Shellfish Hatchery (WCSH). Data collected with an automated flow-through system installed at WCSH capable of high-resolution (1 Hz) pCO2 and hourly TCO2 measurements, with measurement uncertainties of <2.0% and...
"After writing this thesis I have drawn for my
conclusion that cereal breakfast foods as a class
are nutritious, convenient, and reasonably economical
foods and should have a very important place in the diet."--Conclusion
There is probably no article of diet of animal
origin more commonly eaten in all countries or served
in a greater variety of ways than eggs. Milk is the
nearest rival and it resembles eggs in that both are
intended by nature for food for the young. Although
not a...
As concern grows about the long-term effects of increasing atmospheric CO₂
concentrations, it becomes increasingly important to understand the cycling of carbon
on Earth, particularly in the dynamic marine reservoir. Gas exchange and relatively
rapid ocean mixing times mean that the oceans play a significant role in determining
the atmospheric...
"The house does not make the home, but it has a
great deal of influence on the health and character of
the family.
In planning a house, its special uses must be considered.
The house intended for a home should be made
s convenient, sanitary and attractive as possible.
The...
There is no article of food more commonly used
in all parts of the world than the egg. It can be
served in so many ways and has such a high nutritive
value that it is universally used as a food, by the
uncivilized native as well as the most...
The mother's first thought, when her daughter finishes
her preparatory work and expresses a desire for
College is, "How can I let her go?" This seems the
greatest problem though when she becomes reconciled to
the fact that she must lose her sometime, she debates
with herself, "Is my daughter...
This pilot study of South Sister Creek (8 km length) examined stream-scale (i.e., longitudinal trends) and sub-reach scale (less than 100 m) water temperature. Hourly summer temperature time-series data were gathered at four to seven locations along South Sister Creek in 2006, 2012, and 2013 and were used to explore...
Unknown questions remain concerning the health of migrant farm workers,
seasonal farm workers, and other rural poor people. The objectives of this study were to
determine the demographic profile of a sample from a Community and Migrant Health
Center; to determine the prevalence of disease in migrant farm workers, seasonal...
An important goal of evolutionary biology is to identify the genetic mechanisms underlying phenotypes in organisms. Understanding adaptation to osmotic stress has many applications, since this stress affects almost all organisms on Earth. By studying the model organism Saccharomyces cerevisiae using experimental evolution, we can learn about genetic mechanisms driving...
Nucleation and growth kinetics of oxygen precipitates and bulk
defects in epitaxial silicon wafers were investigated. Low temperature
nucleation heat treatments were applied to the well characterized
epitaxial silicon wafers before and after the epitaxial deposition
processing. Subsequently the wafers were heat treated at a high
temperature.
In the case...
Carbon dioxide (CO₂) fluxes between the ocean and atmosphere on continental margins are difficult to diagnose because these regions experience large variability over spatial and temporal scales spanning meters to basins and hours to years, respectively. In a global sense, continental margins could represent a significant atmospheric CO₂ sink, equivalent...
Ocean acidification (OA) is the result of increasing concentrations of anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions, leading to a suite of alterations to specific parameters of ocean chemistry, which can negatively impact many marine organisms and ecosystems. Understanding how to measure and monitor the chemistry of OA will require specialized education...
The safety of the chemical glyphosate, the active ingredient in the herbicide RoundUpTM, has been questioned on numerous occasions. Previous studies suggest that glyphosate-containing herbicides have deleterious effects on a variety of organisms; other studies suggest that these effects may be minor, transient, or non-existent altogether. Proper maintenance of microbial...
A novel, low-cost instrument capable of measuring surface water PCO₂ was designed for use in dynamic, shallow-water environments. The instrument was tested in the Yaquina River Estuary, a macrotidal estuary known to experience a wide range of conditions ranging from dominance by the coastal ocean during summer upwelling to substantial...
Evolve & Resequence (E&R) experiments subject laboratory populations to environments controlled by investigators, who then document the phenotypic and genomic changes that take place over many generations. These experiments provide powerful tools for testing of a wide variety of evolutionary questions, especially questions about the nature of adaptive traits. While...
Summertime, wind-driven upwelling off the Oregon coast delivers nutrient rich water to the surface that fuels the autotrophic production of particulate organic carbon (POC). This POC can be transported horizontally by fluid motions and vertically by sinking to the bottom where it can be entrained in the benthic boundary layer...
The history of fire between 1850 and 1977 in a portion of the
Willamette National Forest in-the central Western Cascades of Oregon was
documented using historical sources. Three types of records were
available: (1) records and writings not primarily concerned with fire
but yielding information about fire in context with...
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The history of fire between 1850 and 1977 in a portion of the
Willamette National Forest in-the central Western Cascades of Oregon was
documented using historical sources. Three types of records were
available: (1) records and writings not primarily concerned with fire
but yielding information about fire in context with...
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AN ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS OF
CONSTANCE J. BURKE for the
Pacific Coast estuaries provide important rearing habitats leading to improved growth and survival for juvenile chinook salmon. However, research has suggested that juvenile salmon have little use for estuarine habitats in the Columbia River. To further understand salmonid recovery needs in estuaries, I compared historical and contemporary life history patterns...
This study sought to determine the contributions of college students'
perceptions of family of origin health and self-esteem to their perceptions of the
divorced single mother. It was hypothesized that individuals who hold more positive
views of their family of origin health will also view themselves and, consequently, the
divorced...
Here I synthesize the results of several types of measurements of organic carbon respiration and calcium carbonate dissolution rates in pelagic seafloor sediments. Measurements of pore water oxygen demonstrate that
most of the respiration takes place very near the sediment-water interface, with a scale depth of a few
millimeters. The...
Cholesterol, C₂₇H₄₅OH, as a precursor of steroid hormones, and
the genetic implications of a divergent selection program for blood
cholesterol levels provided the purpose of this study.
The initial selection of Japanese Quail for the development of
high and low blood cholesterol lines was from a randomly mated
population of...
Reinhabitation is an approach to building local cultures and economies within industrial society. The food system is a vital starting point. What are the principles of reinhabitory food systems? What are the possibilities for a locally adapted food system in the Marys River region of western Oregon? I describe past...
The Western Lake Survey (WLS) of 1985 documented the status of lake water chemistry across the western US and inferred population representations of various subregions and geomorphic units via statistically analyses. Results from this 1985 study indicated that lakes of the Oregon Cascades had the second most pristine and dilute...
Lodgepole pine (Pinus conorta) is a widely distributed forest type across western North America. Central Oregon lodgepole pine forests are ecologically unique when compared to other lodgepole pine ecosystems. Sierra lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta ssp. murrayana) is the dominant variety and often exists as the climax species on pumice soils,...
The purposes of this study were to discover what home economics
teachers are doing in Oregon in career education and how
they can be better prepared to teach home economics occupational
preparation courses.
Postcards were sent to home economics departments in 194
public high schools and 83 public junior high...
Many White social scientists and educators are unaware of and/or
detached from the realities of racism and conduct social research that 1.)
perpetuates stereotypes, falsely setting People of Color as inferior and
White people as superior and/or 2.) explains the differences of White
people and People of Color in terms...
Both development and post-structuralist anthropologists have
critiqued development. Development anthropologists are concerned
that development does not take adequate account of the social and
cultural factors of developing nations, while post structuralists question
the ontology of development and assert that domination over
developing nations is inherent in the concept of development....
Material failures in heat exchangers are often
closely tied to events associated with the conditions
of service and operating parameters. These events can
generally be attributed to adverse load application and
higher than optimum operating temperatures that could
lead to changes in the microstructure of the materials
and fatigue failure...
Rhodococcus fascians is a Gram-positive, pleiomorphic actinomycete that causes leafy gall formation in a wide range of plant hosts. This particular phytopathogen has been a focus of research at the Oregon State University Plant Clinic, a diagnostic laboratory. Phylogeny of R. fascians isolates obtained from Plant Clinic submissions was determined...
Fire blight is a serious disease of apple and pear trees caused by the bacterium, Erwinia amylovora. This bacterium harbors a pathogenesis mechanism known as the Hrp secretory operon which induces some resistance genes and suppresses other resistance genes in the host plant following invasion. While previous researchers analyzed expression...
Ocean fronts represent productive regions of the ocean, but predator-prey interactions within these features are
poorly understood partially due to the coarse-scale and biases of net-based sampling methods. We used the In
Situ Ichthyoplankton Imaging System (ISIIS) to sample across a front near the Georges Bank shelf edge on two...
Marine teleost fishes often experience over 99% mortality in the early life stages (eggs and larvae), yet larval survival is essential to population sustainability. Marine fish larvae from a wide range of families display elaborate, delicate features that bear little resemblance to adult forms and hinder their swimming escape ability...
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survival
strategy in the plankton
Adam T. Greer1,4,*, C. Brock Woodson1, Cedric M. Guigand2, Robert K
Marine teleost fishes often experience over 99% mortality in the early life stages (eggs and larvae), yet larval survival is essential to population sustainability. Marine fish larvae from a wide range of families display elaborate, delicate features that bear little resemblance to adult forms and hinder their swimming escape ability...
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fishes utilize Batesian mimicry
as a survival strategy in the plankton
Adam T. Greer*, C. Brock
Marine teleost fishes often experience over 99% mortality in the early life stages (eggs and larvae), yet larval survival is essential to population sustainability. Marine fish larvae from a wide range of families display elaborate, delicate features that bear little resemblance to adult forms and hinder their swimming escape ability...
Marine teleost fishes often experience over 99% mortality in the early life stages (eggs and larvae), yet larval survival is essential to population sustainability. Marine fish larvae from a wide range of families display elaborate, delicate features that bear little resemblance to adult forms and hinder their swimming escape ability...
This study aimed to explore the relationship between grassroots activism, in the form of a plastic bag ban, and social capital. I postulated that grassroots activism would lead to higher levels of social capital. The data was collected through a survey distributed on community bulletin boards, an announcement at a...
At a time when environmental conditions are rapidly changing, understanding how thermal extremes impact wildlife is imperative to fully understanding the consequences of climate change in natural ecosystems. While many organisms are currently impacted by rapidly warming and more erratic environmental conditions, identifying and investigating model species whose life histories...
The symbiotic sea anemone Exaiptasia diaphana (Aiptasia) is a model organism used to better understand cnidarian-algal symbiosis and coral bleaching (dysbiosis). Many biological processes are hypothesized to be involved in coral dysbiosis, and the innate immunity is a key area of interest. Rab proteins are small proteins with GTPase domains,...
Ocean acidification (OA), the change in ocean chemistry due to increasing concentrations of anthropogenic carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, is an environmental problem that is an active area of scientific research yet remains largely outside of the public’s awareness. It is often assumed that if we raise OA awareness, then...
The capability of the marine red macroalga Portieria hornemannii to remove and detoxify the nitroaromatic explosive 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) in a seawater environment was evaluated using an axenic microplantlet suspension culture system. Microplantlets were challenged with TNT dissolved in seawater at concentrations of 1 to 50 mg L-1 in well-mixed photobioreactors...
Larvae of the Pacific Oyster, Crassostrea gigas, at Whiskey Creek Shellfish Hatchery (WCH) in Netarts Bay, Oregon, are negatively impacted by high-CO₂ water and exposure during the initial shell formation period appears to be particularly damaging. To investigate the mechanism of this early susceptibility, several cohorts of larvae at WCH...
A field study was established to determine the impact of interfering vegetation on survival and growth of Engelmann spruce (Piceaeigelmannii Parry) and lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta var contorta Dougi.) at a site in the high elevation Engelmann spruce-Subalpine fir (ESSF) zone, of south-central British Columbia. The study examined (1) the...
The first results obtained with the Lamont Pumping SeaSoar (LPS), a combination measurement and sampling platform towed by a research ship at speeds of 6–7 kt, are presented. The system allows not only measurement of a suite of oceanographic parameters with in situ sensors, but also delivery of seawater samples...
During the Southern Ocean Iron Experiment (SOFeX), January-February 2002, two iron fertilization experiments were conducted at the south (66.45°S, 171.8°W) and north (56.23°S, 172°W) patches. The south patch was replete with all macronutrients, whereas the north patch was nearly depleted of silicate. Using a towed water sampling/measurement system, high resolution...
The results of high-resolution biogeochemical measurements in the upper 200 m of
the Ross Sea, Antarctica, obtained during the AESOPS (U. S. JGOFS) program using the
Lamont Pumping SeaSoar (LPS) are presented. They consist of three west-east transects
from 170°E to 180° longitude along the AESOPS study line at 76.5°S...
We present in situ electrode measurements of sediment resistivity, pore water oxygen, and pore water pH from three stations between 2300 and 3000 m depth on the Ontong-Java Plateau in the western equatorial Pacific. One of these stations is also the site of a concurrent benthic chamber incubation experiment [Jahnke...
Daily cyclical changes of light are brought on by the axial rotation of the Earth while seasonal changes in light are caused by Earth’s tilt as it revolves around the sun. Major life history traits, such as development, which are tied to metabolic processes, have a strong link to the...
Understanding and modeling microbial responses and feedbacks to climate change is hampered by a lack of a framework in the pelagic environment by which to link local mechanism to large scale patterns. Where terrestrial ecology draws from landscape theory and practice to address issues of scale, the pelagic seascape concept...
We have developed crown-gall resistant transgenic plants capable of suppressing Agrobacterium tumefaciens T-DNA oncogenes. Crown gall tumors result from overproduction of auxin and cytokinin in plant cells transformed by A. tumefaciens. High phytohormone levels result from expression of two auxin biosynthetic genes, tryptophan monooxygenase (iaaM) and indole acetamide hydrolase (iaaH),...
A physical model study was performed to examine the forces and response of 1:6 scale wood-frame coastal residential structures subjected to storm surge and waves. An on-grade and an elevated specimen were tested and exposed to regular waves with varying water depths and wave heights to simulate Hurricane Sandy’s conditions....
Despite the prominence of LEDs in our society, we have limited knowledge pertaining to their long-term effects. These seemingly white LEDs have a large blue light component to them. Recent results have shown that Drosophila living in 12 hrs. of blue light and 12 hrs. of darkness live substantially shorter...
Field studies were conducted in 2008 in Ontario, OR and Paterson, WA to determine the effect of simulated glyphosate drift on 'Ranger Russet' potato, including visual injury, shikimic acid accumulation, and tuber yield. Glyphosate was applied at 8.5, 54, 107, 215, and 423 g ae ha(-1); which corresponds to 0.01,...
Exposure to urban outdoor air pollution is ubiquitous and low birth weight represents an important health disparity in the United States. While previous research suggests that exposure to outdoor air pollutants are associated with term low birth weight, few studies have evaluated the effects of multipollutant outdoor air exposures or...
In 2004 after Desperate Housewives premiered, it was met with significant criticism condemning the lack of values and morals on the show, depicted through the pervasiveness of sinful and illegal behavior (Olsen & Morgan, 2010). However, Olsen and Morgan contend that sinful and illegal behavior is accompanied with attempts at...
A biological pump for transferring atmospheric CO₂ to deep ocean regimes has been
identified in the upwelling zone of the U.S. Pacific coast off Oregon using high-resolution
measurements of Pco₂ and nutrient concentrations that were made in May through
August 2001. Surface water over most of the shelf was a...
To investigate CO₂ chemistry in ocean water with greater time-space resolutions, we systems, which have state-of-the-art precision but an order of magnitude or better analysis, for carbon dioxide partial pressures (Pco₂) and total carbon dioxide Pco₂ system was based on equilibration of a CO₂-free carrier gas stream with seawater sample...
We present observations from deployments of a microstructure turbulence instrument
(the Towed Microstructure and Auxiliary Sensor Instrument) aboard a pumping profiling
vehicle (the Lamont Pumping SeaSoar) towed behind a research vessel at the New
England shelf break front in August 2002. From these we determined coincident fine-scale
vertical eddy diffusivity...
Previous work has shown that the Oregon shelf is a sink for atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO₂) during the upwelling season; however, until now, summertime variability in CO₂ exchange and sign of the flux for the rest of the year were unknown. Observations of the partial pressure of CO₂ (pCO₂) in...
A poleward increase in phytoplankton biomass along
the West Coast of North America has been attributed to
increasing river runoff towards the north. We combine
streamflow and shelf width data with satellite-derived
estimates of phytoplankton biomass to quantify the
relationship between these variables. We find that a
combination of winter...
Understanding larval bivalve responses to variable regimes of seawater carbonate chemistry requires realistic quantification of physiological stress. Based on a degree-day modeling approach, we developed a new metric, the ocean acidification stress index for shellfish (OASIS), for this purpose. OASIS integrates over the entire larval period the instantaneous stress associated...
We adapted a commercially available flow‐injection autoanalyzer (Lachat Quik‐Chem 8000) to measure seawater nitrate concentrations at a rate of nearly 0.1 Hz and phosphate and silicate concentrations at a rate half that. Several minor improvements, including reduced sample‐loop size, high sample flushing rate, modified carrier chemistry, and use of peak...
Field studies were conducted in 2011 at the Malheur Experiment Station, Ontario, OR and Prosser, WA to evaluate the effect of simulated glyphosate drift on direct-seeded dry bulb onion. Glyphosate was applied at 8.6, 25.8, 86, 290, 434, and 860 g ae ha⁻¹ when onion plants were at the flag-,...
This study examines dissolved rhenium (Re) as a function of water runoff using river samples from two contrasting watersheds, the Eel and Umpqua Rivers in the Pacific Northwest, USA. These watersheds share many key characteristics in terms of size, discharge, climate, and vegetation, but they have a 10-fold difference in...
Rotating disc electrodes (RDEs) exploit the induced flushing of a radially spun electrode to increase the overall rate of analyte flux to an electrode sensing surface and its resulting signal current (i). Here initial efforts to evaluate a rotating platinum (Pt) microelectrode for efficacy as a rapid in situ dissolved...
As the effect of ocean acidification (OA) on marine calcifiers is better understood, a range of potential mitigative strategies have been proposed, many of which are plagued by concerns of scale and feasibility. One oft-cited option is to increase the biomass of photosynthetic organisms to remove CO₂ from the water...
An autonomous, in-situ instrument was developed to detect dissolved copper in seawater, suitable for deployment on time scales from weeks to months. A commercially available in-situ nitrate analyzer (YSI 9600) was adapted to measure copper (II) in seawater by chemiluminescence. Modifications included construction of a photomultiplier (PMT) based detector and...
Solute transport models in karst groundwater must consider variable and complex flow regimes. Within fissures less than 2 mm in aperture, during unsaturated flow events, seeping flow may flow as films or under capillary tension as a capillary rivulet. This project focuses on exploring the mass transport characteristics of seeping...