The southern half of the upper Nehalem River basin contains
the most complete section of lower to middle Tertiary marine sedimentary
and volcanic rocks in northern Oregon. Determination of
stratigraphic relationships of six formations, and their depositional
environments and provenance is the chief objective of this paper.
More than 75...
Three realms of deposition, Marine, Fluviatile, and Marine-
Fluviatile, are recognized in Yaquina Bay, Oregon, on the basis of
sediment texture and mineralogy. The Marine Realm extends 1.5
miles into the entrance of the estuary and is typified by normal
marine salinity and vigorous tidal action. Sediments of this realm...
An investigation was conducted to determine the origin of
Mima mounds in Jackson County, Oregon and Thurston County,
Washington. Data on soil morphology, mineralogy, and particle
size distribution were used to test the periglacial ice wedge hypothesis,
the gopher hypothesis, the erosional hypothesis, and the
loess hypothesis.
The results of...
Late Quaternary sediments in the Willamette Valley, Oregon, include a unit of chiefly silt and fine sand, the Willamette Silt Formation. Previous workers have (1) Assigned the Willamette Silt different ages which range from Sangamon interglacial to late Wisconsin glacial, (2) Proposed that the Willamette Silt was deposited in a...
Anecdotal evidence suggests many Pacific Northwest estuaries are filling with sediment due to historical logging activities in upstream watersheds. Using the Siletz River estuary as a case study, this research began by analyzing timber harvest and discharge records of the Siletz River watershed, and found that increased timber harvest coincides...
The goal of this study was to advance methods for assessment of forest road hydrologic
response and sediment yield at a catchment scale. This research looked at the effect of
soil depth estimation on the Distributive Hydrology Soil Vegetation Model (DHSVM),
assessed the uncertainty and accuracy of hydrologic modeling of...
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Road Hydrology, Turbidity, and Suspended Sediment Measurements for Oak Creek,
Oregon
The Willamette Silt is a surficial geologic unit composed of successive Missoula Flood Deposits that underlies 3100 km2 (1200 mil) of arable land in the Willamette Valley of Oregon. The Willamette Silt protects the underlying regionally important Willamette
Aquifer from agricultural contamination while acting as a semi-confining unit and a...
The continental terrace west of Oregon between 43° 50'N and
44° 40' N latitude is 50 to 55 miles wide. It consists of a continental
shelf, 16 to 35 miles wide, and a continental slope, 16 to 37 miles
wide. The eastern portion of the shelf is a smooth, sediment...
Shear wave attenuation measurements were made
using ceramic bimorph transducers to excite transverse
vibrations in a cylindrical column of unconsolidated
sediment. Three different water-saturated
sediments were used in an attempt to determine the
effects of grain shape and sorting on the frequency
dependence of attenuation. The mean grain size of...
Since the early 1950's, the distribution of sediment at the
mouth of Redwood Creek has been altered by the effects of channel
aggradation and channelization along the lower reach. Severe flooding
in 1953, 1955, and 1964 caused bank erosion, landsliding, and
channel geometry changes along Redwood Creek. The increased sediment...
The Cocos Gap is a deeper portion, or saddle, of the Cocos
Ridge and forms part of the western boundary of the Panama Basing
It is probably typical of saddles within most submarine ridges, In
order to determine the mechanisms controlling sediment dispersal,
the nature and sources of the sediments...
The conventional advection-dispersion equation cannot adequately describe all processes driving
solute transport in heterogeneous systems. This dissertation focuses on the individual influences
of both chemical (Chapter 2) and physical processes (Chapters 3 and 4) which affect
solute transport. In Chapter 2 we analyzed uranium transport in natural sediment using the...
Stratigraphy and chronology are essential to sedimentological study of Earth system histories. And, stratigraphy and chronology are often challenging and interesting problems themselves. The Quaternary (2.588 Ma - present) experienced paleoenvironmental and paleo-geomagnetic variability well outside the range of the recent instrumental record, providing the opportunity to place recent observations...
There are seven stratigraphic units exposed in the Picture
Gorge quadrangle, a 204-square mile area in east-central Oregon.
isolated exposures of pre-Cretaceous serpentinites, metalimestones,
and other metamorphic rocks record marine deposition
of sands silts, and limy sediments followed by burial, lithification,
peridotite intrusion, and several periods of deformation. Intrusion
and...
The Molalla quadrangle is located in northwestern Oregon along the eastern edge of Willamette Valley about 30 miles south of Portland. The area includes part of the Western Cascade foothills as well as a portion of the Willamette Valley lowland. The rocks in the Cascade foothills are marine and terrestrial...
Seafloor lithologic maps have been widely used to identify conservation sites. In this study, a lithologic interpretation of Oregon's territorial seafloor was created as an interim product in response to the need for a comprehensive lithologic map that will be used in the identification, evaluation and design of marine reserves...
Many sediments, including the fine-grained pelagic deposits,
possess polymodal grain size distributions. Resolution of individual
modes show them to be related either to compositional fractions or to
depositional processes or both, and sometimes permits the tracing
of dispersal patterns. The Cahn sedimentation balance provides a
means of obtaining continuous cumulative...
Fine particles and colloids, attached to grain surfaces, are abundant in the earth's subsurface. Under certain conditions these particles can be released from the matrix and transported with the mobile phase. One of the mechanisms for sudden particle release is a decrease in groundwater salt concentration below the critical salt...
This dissertation focuses on the role of ice sheets in the transition during the middle Pleistocene (-1.2 Ma) from 41-kyr glacial cycles to 100-kyr glacial cycles. This research evaluates the hypothesis that the middle Pleistocene transition (MPT) was related to the glacial erosion of a regolith mantle and the subsequent...
The incipient motion of sediment particles in gravel-bed
rivers is a very important process. It represents the
difference between bed stability and bed mobility. A field
study was conducted in Oak Creek, Oregon to investigate
incipient motion of individual particles in gravel-bed
streams. Investigation was also made of the incipient...
This report presents tables of suspended-sediment data collected from 1956 to 1967 at 10 sites in the Umpqua River basin. Computations based on these data indicate that average annual suspended-sediment yields at these sites range from 137 to 822 tons per square mile.
Because available data for the Umpqua River...
Sediment transport measurements on Flynn Creek, a headwater stream in the Oregon Coast Range, have illustrated the magnitude of
fluvial transfer processes, primarily of the bedload component, during a moderate storm runoff season (1979 water year). The total dissolved solids concentration of storm runoff averaged 40 mg/L, and was independent...
The Corvallis fault is a 50 km long northeast-trending structure, part of which defines the boundary between the central Willamette Valley and the east-central Coast Range of Oregon. Previously the fault had been mapped as either a high-angle reverse or normal fault, with the east block down. New gravity data...
Surface geology, seismic data, petroleum exploratory well data, and water well data
have been used to analyze the structural and tectonic history of the southern Willamette
Valley. Tertiary strata beneath the southern Willamette Valley appear to have had an early
Cascade or Clarno volcanic source to the east by the...
Nearly 9,000 feet of Cretaceous mudstones, shales, sandstone,
and conglomerates are exposed along the northeast-trending Mitchell
anticline of central Oregon, These rocks are divided into two formations
on the basis of criteria developed in this investigation. The
lower formation, hereby designated the Meyers Formation, is 4,716
feet thick at its...
The thesis area covers 165 square miles including the greater
part of the northeastern quarter of the Mitchell quadrangle in north-central Oregon. The three stratigraphic units exposed in the area
consist of a variety of Tertiary volcanic rocks including the Clarno
Formation, the John Day Formation, and the Columbia River...
The type section of the Mascall Formation, which is located in
the John Day Valley, is interpreted to represent a sequence of
paleosols. These fossil soils were formed on a floodplain during the
middle Miocene. The measured thickness of this section is 1340 feet,
and although the top of the...
The thesis area is located in the southeastern corner of Harney County, Oregon. This portion of Oregon is situated in the northern part of the Basin and Range province, and is characterized by both mafic and silicic extrusives, and localized nonmarine sediments and
tuffs ranging in age from middle (?)...
The Whitewater River area is located directly east of Mt. Jefferson in the Cascades of central Oregon. Approximately 90 mi2 (230 km2) were mapped (scale 1/24,000) and four new K-Ar ages and 151 major element analyses were obtained in a study of the stratigraphic
and magmatic transition from the Miocene...
The Mitchell inlier in north-central Oregon contains the largest exposure of Cretaceous marine sedimentary rocks in this region. Nearly 9,000 ft of Albian-Cenamanian rocks are exposed along the flanks of the Mitchell anticline. The Cretaceous section rests unconformably overlain by Tertiary volcanic rocks. The Cretaceous rocks have previously been divided...
The area studied in detail, known as the Antone District,
is located in the southeast corner of Wheeler County, Oregon, ,
between longitude 119 37. and 119°54 east, and latitude 44°23
and 44°3O' north.
Surface elevations range from 3050 feet above sea level in
the northeast corner of the district,...
Within 40 square miles of the southeastern Wallowa Mountains, Oregon, eugeosynclinal Permian and Triassic formations comprising a section about 25,000 feet thick have been exposed by uplift and erosion of overlying Miocene Columbia River basalt. Deposition appears to have been continuous from Permian into Upper Triassic, but an apparent angular...
Six early to middle Tertiary geologic units crop out in the
Saddle and Humbug Mountain area. They include the late Eocene to
early Miocene Oswald West muds tones, the lower Silver Point and
the upper Silver Point tongues of the middle Miocene Astoria Formation,
and the middle Miocene Depoe Bay...
Pre-Tertiary metamorphic rocks, Jurassic granitic intrusions,
and Eocene basalts are exposed along the North Fork of the John Day
River at its confluence with Granite Creek. Geochemical and textural
evidence suggest greenschist-metamorphosed, strongly sheared,
volcanogenic rocks originated in an island-arc environment. These
greenstones were apparently intruded during the Late Permian...
The Greenhorn Mountains contain a tectonic ally disrupted
ophiolite and both arc-derived and pelagic sediments. Age of major
sedimentary units within and bordering the thesis area is Early
Permian, based upon dates of conodonts and fusulinids from contemporaneous
but allocthanous limestones. Sediments near the south
boundary of the thesis area...
Supplement to Miscellaneous Paper 7 was published in 1966. For master (tiff) digital images of maps contained in this document contact scholarsarchive@oregonstate.edu
Pluvial Lake Chewaucan was a late Pleistocene lake, as much as 375 feet deep, covering 480 square miles in the northwestern part of the Great Basin in southern Oregon. The lake basin, now occupied by Summer Lake, Upper and Lower Chewaucan Marshes, and Lake
Abert, was formed by down-dropped fault...
The northwest one-quarter of the Prineville Quadrangle is
underlain by Tertiary and Quaternary volcanic and volcaniclastic
rocks of the Columbia River Basalt Group, and the Clarno, John Day,
Rattlesnake and Deschutes Formations.
The Clarno Formation is dominated by pyroxene-bearing
andesites, but also contains olivine-bearing basalts, oxyhornblende-bearing
dacite and rhyodacite flows...
The Bear Creek area is situated at the boundry between the Basin and Range Province, Deschutes Basin and Blue Mountains Province. It contains rock units representing most of the Cenozoic geologic column. The major rock units exposed are the Clarno Formation, John Day Formation, Columbia River Basalt Group, Deschutes Formation...
The northwest-trending Neogene Tualatin basin in northwestern Oregon is a pull-apart
basin with approximately 750 m of post-middle Miocene structural relief. Gently
tilted uplands capped by Columbia River Basalt Group surround the synclinal basin on all
sides. Integrated gravity, aeromagnetic, and seismic reflection data indicated that the
basin is underlain...
Eight Tertiary geologic units crop out in the Seaside-Young's River Falls area, including late Oligocene to early Miocene Oswald West mudstones; Angora Peak sandstone and Silver Point members of the middle Miocene Astoria Formation, and middle Miocene Depoe Bay and Cape Foulweather Basalts. Three new lithologically distinct
units, the 'J'...
Six Tertiary units are exposed in the Onion Peak area near the town of Cannon Beach., Oregon. The units consist of: late Eocene to
early Miocene Oswald West mudstones (informal), middle Miocene Astoria Formation (Angora Peak sandstone and Silver Point mudstone members.-informal), middle Miocene basalts of intrusive and extrusive Depoe...
The thesis area is located in the Blue Mountains of northeast Oregon. Pre-Tertiary and Cenozoic rocks, divided on the basis of age and tectonic history, are exposed along the eroded crest of the Blue Mountain anticline. Permian (?) metasedimentary rocks probably correlate with the Elkhorn Ridge Argillite, and consist mainly...