Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), including benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P), are environmental pollutants linked to increased disease susceptibilities. Alpha-Tocopherol (αT) supplementation decreases B[a]P-DNA adducts in smokers, particularly women; but the mechanism is unknown. To test the hypothesis that αT protection from B[a]P exposure is gender-dependent, male and female rats received 7 daily subcutaneous...
We present genetic and morphological evidence supporting the recognition of a
previously synonymized species of Mesoplodon beaked whale in the tropical Indo-Pacific,
Mesoplodon hotaula. Although the new species is closely-related to the rare
ginkgo-toothed beaked whale M. ginkgodens, we show that these two lineages can be
differentiated by maternally (mitochondrial...
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, New South Wales 2052, Australia; C. SCOTT BAKER and
DEBBIESTEEL, School of Biological Sciences
We present genetic and morphological evidence supporting the recognition of a
previously synonymized species of Mesoplodon beaked whale in the tropical Indo-Pacific,
Mesoplodon hotaula. Although the new species is closely-related to the rare
ginkgo-toothed beaked whale M. ginkgodens, we show that these two lineages can be
differentiated by maternally (mitochondrial...
We present genetic and morphological evidence supporting the recognition of a
previously synonymized species of Mesoplodon beaked whale in the tropical Indo-Pacific,
Mesoplodon hotaula. Although the new species is closely-related to the rare
ginkgo-toothed beaked whale M. ginkgodens, we show that these two lineages can be
differentiated by maternally (mitochondrial...
Keywords: humpback whales; feeding grounds; genetics; breeding group; Distinct Population Segments; DPS; DNA profiles; Monterey, California; Central America DPS; Megaptera novaeangliae; genotyping; microsatellite; population
The interplay of natural selection and genetic drift, influenced by geographic isolation, mating systems and population size, determines patterns of genetic diversity within species. The sperm whale provides an interesting example of a long-lived species with few geographic barriers to dispersal. Worldwide mtDNA diversity is relatively low, but highly structured...
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worldwide genetic structure of
sperm whales (Physeter macrocephalus)?
ALANA ALEXANDER,*† ‡ DEBBIESTEEL
The interplay of natural selection and genetic drift, influenced by geographic isolation, mating systems and population size, determines patterns of genetic diversity within species. The sperm whale provides an interesting example of a long-lived species with few geographic barriers to dispersal. Worldwide mtDNA diversity is relatively low, but highly structured...
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Alexander1,2,3*, Debbie Steel1,2, Kendra Hoekzema2, Sarah Mesnick4, Daniel Engelhaupt5, Iain Kerr6, Roger Payne6
Large population sizes and global distributions generally associate with high mitochondrial DNA control region (CR) diversity. The sperm whale (Physeter macrocephalus) is an exception, showing low CR diversity relative to other cetaceans; however, diversity levels throughout the remainder of the sperm whale mitogenome are unknown. We sequenced 20 mitogenomes from...
The interplay of natural selection and genetic drift, influenced by geographic isolation, mating systems and population size, determines patterns of genetic diversity within species. The sperm whale provides an interesting example of a long-lived species with few geographic barriers to dispersal. Worldwide mtDNA diversity is relatively low, but highly structured...
In 2014, Oregon State University (OSU) initiated a multi-year project to study humpback whale (Megaptera novaeangliae) migrations in the North Pacific Ocean using satellite tracking technology in combination with genetic and photo-identification (photo-ID) analyses. The study is highly relevant to management, given the need for new information arising from the...
Estimating the abundance of long-lived, migratory animals is challenging but essential
for managing populations. We provide the first abundance estimates of endangered humpback
whales Megaptera novaeangliae from their breeding grounds in Oceania, South Pacific.
Using fluke photo-identification (1999−2004, n = 660 individuals) and microsatellite genotypes
(1999−2005, n = 840 individuals),...
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-identification and microsatellite genotyping
Rochelle Constantine1,*, Jennifer A. Jackson, DebbieSteel, C
Estimating the abundance of long-lived, migratory animals is challenging but essential
for managing populations. We provide the first abundance estimates of endangered humpback
whales Megaptera novaeangliae from their breeding grounds in Oceania, South Pacific.
Using fluke photo-identification (1999−2004, n = 660 individuals) and microsatellite genotypes
(1999−2005, n = 840 individuals),...
Full Text:
4
Rochelle Constantine1, Jennifer Jackson2, Debbie Steel1,3, C. Scott Baker1,3*, 5
Lyndon
We present genetic and morphological evidence supporting the recognition of a previously synonymized species of Mesoplodon beaked whale in the tropical Indo-Pacific, Mesoplodon hotaula. Although the new species is closely-related to the rare ginkgo-toothed beaked whale M. ginkgodens, we show that these two lineages can be differentiated by maternally (mitochondrial...
Estimating the abundance of long-lived, migratory animals is challenging but essential
for managing populations. We provide the first abundance estimates of endangered humpback
whales Megaptera novaeangliae from their breeding grounds in Oceania, South Pacific.
Using fluke photo-identification (1999−2004, n = 660 individuals) and microsatellite genotypes
(1999−2005, n = 840 individuals),...
We quantified the relative influence of maternal fidelity to feeding grounds and natal
fidelity to breeding grounds on the population structure of humpback whales Megaptera novae-angliae based on an ocean-wide survey of mitochondrial (mt) DNA diversity in the North Pacific.
For 2193 biopsy samples collected from whales in 10 feeding...
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North Pacific humpback whales
C. Scott Baker1,*, Debbie Steel1, John Calambokidis2, Erin Falcone2
We quantified the relative influence of maternal fidelity to feeding grounds and natal
fidelity to breeding grounds on the population structure of humpback whales Megaptera novae-angliae based on an ocean-wide survey of mitochondrial (mt) DNA diversity in the North Pacific.
For 2193 biopsy samples collected from whales in 10 feeding...
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whales
C. Scott Baker1,*, Debbie Steel1, John Calambokidis2, Erin Falcone2,
Ursula González-Peral3, Jay
We quantified the relative influence of maternal fidelity to feeding grounds and natal
fidelity to breeding grounds on the population structure of humpback whales Megaptera novae-angliae based on an ocean-wide survey of mitochondrial (mt) DNA diversity in the North Pacific.
For 2193 biopsy samples collected from whales in 10 feeding...
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) have emerged in the last half century as concerning global contaminants. PFASs have been found in drinking water systems causing negative health impacts for those who rely on this as their primary source of drinking water. PFASs are man-made industrial chemicals composed of carbon chains...
Increasing renewable energy development is often seen as an essential tool for combating global climate change, yet despite widespread support in theory, renewable energy often faces problems at the implementation stage. In the state of Washington, where voters have expressed a desire for greater renewable energy by mandating that 15%...
This research examines two questions: 1) What stories do Christian teacher educators tell about their own White racial identity development? and 2) Is there an impact of studying White racial identity development on the praxis of Christian teacher educators? If so, in what ways? The researcher began the project with...
Increased competition in the market place for both occasional and professional chain saw users has led to a desire for improved performance in chain saw guide bars. One aspect of improved performance is lower bar weight. The primary focus of this research was to establish the feasibility of a lower...
Shabbat B’shir is an album exploring Jewish folk and rock music written, performed, produced, recorded, and mixed and mastered all by Max Winer. The goal of the project was to create a full length album showcasing Max Winer’s growth in songwriting and production capabilities. This eleven song album features the...
In this paper efficiency gains and associated cost reductions from increases in quota leased or traded are estimated for the South East Trawl Fishery (SETF), using Australian Fisheries Management Authority logbook data and Australian Bureau of Agricultural and Resource Economics survey data on 47 vessels in an unbalanced panel data...
Twentieth century commercial whaling drastically reduced the abundance of great whale populations in the Southern Ocean. Exploitation began on the south Atlantic island of South Georgia, where catch records account for over 175,000 whales killed. Modern whaling within the Southern Ocean depleted populations rapidly, and by 1966, hunting blue whales...
Humpback whale populations in Antarctica are recovering after intensecommercial whaling in the 20th century. Along the Western Antarctic Peninsula (WAP)this recovery is occurring in an environment that is experiencing the fastest warming ofany region on the planet. To begin to understand the dynamics of this recovery undersuch dramatic climate change,...
You Stay Here is the beginning of a novel that centers on the notion of family, community, and the expectations that drive our interactions within these circles. The novel tells the story of brothers Mills and Nance O'Malley as they interact with their parents, Richard and Margaret. The brothers own...
South Pacific humpback whales were devastated by commercial whaling in their Antarctic feeding areas during the 20th century. Understanding migratory connections and current abundance of these isolated breeding stocks is crucial for the allocation of historical Antarctic catches in population dynamic models used to assess current recovery. However, only a...
Humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae, Borowski 1781) in the North Pacific migrate from mid- to high- latitude summer feeding grounds along the Pacific Rim, including areas off the coasts of the U.S., Canada, Russia and eastern Asia, to tropical breeding grounds each winter along Pacific coasts of Mexico and Central America...
This thesis presents an analysis of seventeen contemporary blockbuster films in which women kill people. The purpose of the analysis is to discover the "frames" with which film producers, directors, scriptwriters and actors portray women in film. The thesis first establishes the model in use in the analysis: Entman's model...
Species conservation depends on robust population assessment. Data on population abundance, distribution, and connectivity are critical for effective management, especially as baseline information for newly documented populations. I describe a pygmy blue whale (Balaenoptera musculus brevicauda) population in New Zealand waters with year-round presence that overlaps with industrial activities. This...
A critical barrier to effective management of deep-sea resources is a lack of understanding by society of the benefits received from the oceans. To address this knowledge gap, we applied an iterative design-based research methodology to evaluate (1) how to effectively use an exhibit to increase public literacy of the...
Previous studies of six Oregon public water supply systems revealed that greater proportions of the standard plate count (SPC) bacteria from distribution waters were multiple antibiotic resistant (MAR) compared to isolates from the corresponding source raw waters. In the present study, two of these water systems were examined further to...
In a story of his life Les reflects on what he
has gained and what he has lost while seeking success in
the moving and shifting of military and academic life
through homes and schools all over the United States.
He describes himself as between races, languages, and
cultures.
Capture-recapture studies offer a powerful tool to assess abundance, survival and population rate of change (λ). A previous capture-recapture study, based on DNA profiles, estimated that the IUCN-listed Endangered Oceania population of humpback whales had a superpopulation size of 4329 whales (95% confidence limits, CL: 3345, 5315) and λ =...
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discovery marks (Dawbin 1966), photo-identification
(Robbins et al. 2011), genotype identification (Steel et
Contact of blood with the surfaces of synthetic materials is associated with spontaneous protein adsorption, initiating platelet aggregation, the coagulation cascade, and the eventual development of a stable clot. Current therapy to inhibit implant-induced thrombosis is life-long administration of systemic anticoagulants. An alternative to the systemic administration of anticoagulant drugs...
Understanding genetic differentiation and speciation processes in marine species with high
dispersal capabilities is challenging. The Chilean dolphin, Cephalorhynchus eutropia, is the
only endemic cetacean of Chile and is found in two different coastal habitats: a northern
habitat with exposed coastlines, bays and estuaries from Valparaíso (33°02' S) to Chiloé...
In order to properly model the temperature distribution of a nuclear fuel pin, the thermal conductivity
of the fuel must be known. For sphere pac fuel, the
modeling of the conductivity is complicated due to the
fact that the fuel is a collection of spheres in a random packed bed....
As the forest industry moves toward the use of younger trees and production of an increasing number of composite products improving durability has gained importance. Coatings are one of the most widely used methods for improving wood durability because they improve resistance to water penetration, and subsequent shrinking and swelling,...
Several dolphin species have global distributions. The extent of their radiation and limits to gene flow are presumably a product of oceanographic features both recent and historical, behavioral specializations and social organization. Rough-toothed dolphins (Steno bredanensis) are globally distributed in tropical and subtropical waters and are generally found in depths...
This research analyzes how family forest owners conceptualize biodiversity in one high-conservation value area of oak woodland in the Willamette Valley of Western Oregon. Oregon white oak (Quercus garyanna) woodland, one of the most biologically diverse ecotypes in the state of Oregon, is in decline. Much of the oak ecotype...
CR-39 foils were irradiated as part of nuclear accident dosimetry experiments using the Godiva reactor at the Nevada National Security Site and the Caliban and Prospero reactors at the Valduc Centre for Nuclear Studies in France. The irradiated foils were chemically etched using the standard Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory process...
Staling in beer is inevitable. Oxidation and increased temperatures are the main causes of stale flavors in bottled beers. Since 1934, research has been done to identify compounds and pathways involved in creating stale flavors. Although many research papers report stale flavors, there is not a lexicon per se of...
There is an urgent need to lower the concentration of sulfur in diesel fuels. Growing concern over environmental effects caused by burning sulfur-containing diesel has led the world to higher standards in fuel refinement. Because of these lower standards, many techniques have been researched to remove sulfur containing compounds or...
Anthropogenic activities have posed many threats to the oceans and marine life. Understanding how individuals are affected and physiologically respond to these threats is crucial and allows for management and conservation applications. I evaluated the overall health condition of a subpopulation of gray whales (Eschrichtius robustus) along the Oregon coast,...
This document contains a summary of changes in administrations and actions taken by the Pacific Marine Fisheries Commission in 1983, as well as an update for the status of various fisheries.
Large-scale experiments on circular model cell bulkheads were
conducted to define the distribution of hoop stresses, deflections of
the cells, distortion of the cell fill, ultimate overturning resistance,
and the critical mode of failure. The embedment depth of the model
cells was varied to investigate the effect of embedment on...
Fuel accumulation and climate shifts are predicted to increase the frequency of high-severity fires in pon-derosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) forests of central Oregon. The combustion of fuels containing large downedwood can result in intense soil heating, alteration of soil properties, and mortality of microbes. Previousstudies show ectomycorrhizal fungi (EMF) improve...
During a 13-month period starting in October of 1976, adult
male rough-skinned newts (Taricha granulosa) were collected periodically
to study seasonal changes in reproductive status. Plasma
androgen concentration, measured by radioimmunoassay, is elevated
during autumn and spring (about 50 ng/ml). Winter and summer levels
are considerably lower (less than 10...
The efficacy of a new broad-spectrum anthelmintic, Netobimin[subscript R]
(coded SCH 32481-Schering Corporation) was evaluated in two trials
conducted during either the spring or fall grazing seasons of 1984 in
Western Oregon using 20 cross-bred yearling beef heifers and 30
cross-bred spring lambs, respectively. Percent efficacies were
determined in both...
The Antarctic blue whale (Balaenoptera musculus intermedia) was hunted to near extinction between 1904 and 1972, declining from an estimated initial abundance of more than 250,000 to fewer than 400. Here, we describe mtDNA control region diversity and geographic differentiation in the surviving population of the Antarctic blue whale, using...
This document contains a summary of changes in administrations and actions taken by the Pacific Marine Fisheries Commission in 1981, as well as an update for the status of various fisheries.
As the effect of ocean acidification (OA) on marine calcifiers is better understood, a range of potential mitigative strategies have been proposed, many of which are plagued by concerns of scale and feasibility. One oft-cited option is to increase the biomass of photosynthetic organisms to remove CO₂ from the water...
The goal of this thesis was to develop a process of producing small monodisperse
alginate gel beads. The phenomenon of controlled jet break-up of alginate solution jet
with assisted vibration was used to form uniform sodium alginate droplets which were
subsequently crosslinked with divalent calcium ion to form gel beads....
Commercial whaling during the 20th century drastically reduced many populations of great whales in the Southern Hemisphere. The Antarctic blue whale, for example, is estimated to have been reduced to less than 0.1% of its original abundance based on catch records and population dynamic models. Despite this population bottleneck, several...
Baleen whale fecal samples have high potential for endocrine monitoring, which can be used as a non-invasive tool to identify the physiological response to disturbance events and describe population health and vital rates. In this study, we used commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays to validate and quantify fecal steroid (progestins, androgens...
Although most eastern North Pacific (ENP) gray whales feed in the Bering, Beaufort,
and Chukchi Seas during summer and fall, a small number of individuals,
referred to as the Pacific Coast Feeding Group (PCFG), show intra- and interseasonal
fidelity to feeding areas from northern California through southeastern Alaska. We
used...
Welcome to 4-H Ceramics! We prepared this manual to provide you with a basic knowledge of cast ceramics. Ceramics is defined as anything fired in a kiln. A kiln is an oven or furnace in which clay products are baked. Ceramics may be pottery, brick, enamel, glass, sewer pipe, tile,...
Portland Public School District and in particular Jefferson High School are examined in a functionalist framework to determine
the extent to which they meet community needs. B. Malinowski's functionalist theory is employed to analyze desegregation and integration policies and actions of the Portland Public School District and Jefferson High School,...
The sperm whale (Physeter macrocephalus) shows some of the most derived characteristics of any mammal: a large body size, large brain, complex social organization and a capacity for deep foraging dives that few other marine mammals can match. Despite a history of exploitation that removed hundreds of thousands of individuals,...
Fuel accumulation and climate shifts are predicted to increase the frequency of high-severity fires in ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex Laws) forests of central Oregon. The combustion of fuels containing large downed wood can result in intense soil heating, alteration of soil properties, and mortality of microbes. Previous studies...
Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and
zymography were used in two separate experiments to determine the tissue
source and type of plasminogen activator (PA) produced by bovine
blastocysts. Twelve-14 d blastocysts were collected at slaughter from
estrous synchronized, superovulated and artificially inseminated Holstein
cows. In Experiment I, blastocysts were...
Septoria leaf blotch of wheat is a major biotic factor limiting the grain yield.
To determine the nature of inheritance involving selected genotypes, three resistant
semidwarf spring wheat lines exhibiting durable global resistance and one susceptible
cultivar were crossed in all possible combinations, excluding reciprocals. Parents, Fl,
F2, and F3...
Bulk properties of CuSc₁₋ₓMgₓO₂, CuSc₁₋ₓMgₓO₂₊y, BaCu₂S₂, Bai₁₋ₓKCu₂S₂, BaCu₂Se₂
and Bai₁₋ₓKₓCu₂Se₂ are investigated supporting the search for highly conductive p-type
thin films. Mg is an efficient dopant in CuScO₂ with conductivity up to l.5.10⁻² S/cm.
Oxidation of CuScO₂:Mg leads to further increase in conductivity up to 0.5 S/cm. The
amount of...
Coastal Oregon is deficient in quality construction aggregates.
There is, however, an abundance of lower quality, or marginal, aggregate
available for construction purposes. An evaluation of these marginal
aggregates is the purpose of this paper.
There are four classes of marginal rocks found on the Oregon Coast.
Basalts, high in...
The experimental setup and data are presented for a laboratory experiment conducted to examine realistic wave forcing on a highway bridge superstructure. The experiments measure wave conditions along with the resulting forces, pressures, and structural response of a 1:5 scale, reinforced concrete model of a typical section of the I-10...
The rapid decline of marine ecosystems worldwide and the failure of traditional single species management pushed for the development of ecosystem-based conservation measures such as marine protected areas (MPA) to slow the loss of marine biodiversity. One approach to MPA creation advocates targeting marine megafauna (e.g., marine mammals, seabirds, sharks,...
Biochar has shown promise as a soil amendment for improvement of agricultural and forest productivity, remediation of heavy metals, and sequestration of carbon, but has not yet been adopted for widespread use in any of these applications. By assessing the production potential as a carbon sequestration tool, and the stability...
The complexity of human/riverine systems has led to an increasing focus on land
use patterns and policy. My goal is to understand the dynamics of a coupled human and
natural system. The central question is how people in the community of Scio, Oregon
perceive flooding, water quality, and riparian habitat....
Gradients of physical disturbance are central to
theories of community organization yet rarely are studies
performed in which physical factors are experimentally
manipulated. Pothole tidepool algal communities exhibit
distinct zonation patterns from top to bottom that result
from scouring by rocks and other debris in the pools.
Scouring is easily...
The objectives of this study were to evaluate the performance of wood frame shear walls
under monotonic, cyclic and earthquake loads by: (1) estimating the variability of shear wall
performance, (2) comparing the performance of walls under each loading protocol, (3) evaluating
the effects of anchorage on wall performance, and...