Following the surface application of urea to soil, there is the potential for nitrogen (N) loss from ammonia (NH3) volatilization until sufficient rain or irrigation has moved it into the soil. Many studies measuring NH3 loss have used laboratory and microplot field studies. The limitation of these techniques is that...
Following the surface application of urea to soil, there is the potential for nitrogen (N) loss from ammonia (NH3) volatilization until sufficient rain or irrigation has moved it into the soil. Many studies measuring NH3 loss have used laboratory and microplot field studies. The limitation of these techniques is that...
Sulfur-coated urea (SCU), a slow release nitrogen fertilizer,
may be economically competitive with conventional fertilizers, but
little is known of the mechanism of urea release from SCU and the
environmental factors which affect the urea release rate. Objectives
of this thesis were: (1) to determine factors which affect the rate...
Preliminary fertilization trials with western hemlock have yielded responses which vary significantly from stand to stand, especially in areas near the Pacific Coast. Growth responses have varied from positive to negative in an erratic manner. Previous data did not permit validation of such hypotheses as, "the application of fertilizer
to...
The effect of canopy orientation on fruiting performance of 'Beurre
d'Anjou' pears (Pyrus communis L.) and postharvest urea spray on ovule
longevity and fruit set of 'Doyenne du Comice' pears were studied.
Hedgerows of 'Beurre d'Anjou' pear trees planted in 1969 in two
orientations north-south (N-S) and east-west (E-W) were...
A growth chamber experiment was conducted to determine the
rate of S-urea mineralization and effect of S-urea on the yield of
ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) grown in Steiwer soil as influenced
by soil temperature (60, 75, and 90° F) and soil moisture stress
(0. 10, 0.35, and 2.50 bars). Plant yield,...
Three rates of urea, urea-DCD, and NH₄N0₃ were soil applied in April and August 1986 to strawberry selection OR-US 4930 and cultivar 'Sumas' to determine effects of the nitrification inhibitor dicyandiamide (DCD) and nitrogen source and rate on soil NH₄ and N0₃ levels, fruit yield and quality, and mineral composition...
Ammonia (NH₃) volatilization and loss from nitrogen (N) fertilizer in agriculture negatively impacts crops, farm profitability, human health and surrounding ecosystems where it is deposited. A significant source of NH₃ volatilization occurs from surface application of urea on sandy soils with low pH buffering capacity such as those in the...
The object of this research was to study the effect of readily
available carbohydrates (RAC) upon the utilization of urea in fattening
rations and to determine the effect upon carcass characteristics
that determine quality and yield grades. A 2 x 2 latin square designed
feedlot trial comparing urea at 0.5%...
Published January 1946. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
The physico-chemical reactions of ammonia in soils and clays have many practical and theoretical implications. On the one hand, large quantities of anhydrous ammonia are used annually in agriculture for fertilizer; the dry gas is applied directly to the soil by simply injecting it below the ground surface. On the...
Annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) is a major seed crop
in the Willamette Valley of Oregon. Persistent crop diseases have
necessitated annual field burning to protect future crops. This practice,
while very effective for disease eradication, produces large
quantities of air polluting smoke in the valley and a general wastage
of...
Field and greenhouse experiments were conducted to determine the suitability of using incinerated sewage sludge ash as a soil amendment for sweet corn production on Willamette silt loam. In 1977, field plots were treated with 0, 11, 22, and 43 mt/ha of ash containing lime, in factorial combination with a...
Biosolids are a by-product of municipal wastewater treatment. They contain organic matter and nutrients that are beneficial for soil, crop, and livestock productivity. Raw sewage solids must be processed to meet U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) standards before they can be called biosolids. This publication focuses on how biosolids can...
Published May 1980. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Data is limited evaluating infrequent supplementation of urea or biuret to ruminants consuming low-quality forage (<6% crude protein). Therefore, a series of experiments were designed to compare the effects of daily (D) and alternate day (2D) supplementation of two non-protein nitrogen (NPN) sources (urea or biuret) to ruminants consuming low-quality...
Published February 1969. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Straw has many uses, as feed, roughage, animal bedding, but
these requirements are not sufficient to utilize the available production.
In areas where grasskseed is produced, post-harvest straw is
burned in the field to help prevent crop disease the following year.
This treatment is very wasteful in terms of straw...
Published June 1992. Reprinted April 1994. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Published September 1942. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Application of sewage sludge to soils increases the trace metal
content and the organic content of soils. The complexation of indigenous and added metals with organic constituents must be studied to
evaluate metal availability to plants and animals.
The water soluble organic fractions (WSOF) from an agricultural
soil (W), a...
The Federal Water Pollution Control Act Amendments of 1972
prohibits the discharge of seafood processing solid wastes into
navigable waters after July 1, 1977. Oregon shrimp and crab processors
must use other methods of disposal for the 15 to 30 million
pounds of solid waste generated annually. The application of...
Several studies have been conducted to examine the
utilization of non-protein nitrogen by the New Zealand
White rabbit.
Soybean meal (SBM) or urea added to a low protein (13%
CP) diet and a positive control diet were fed to does and
their offspring during a nine month experiment. Urea and...
Five simulated precipitation patterns characteristic of the Columbia
Basin and Plateau region and six fertilization rates were evaluated
for their effect on percent crude protein, percent in vitro dry matter
digestibility, fiber content, and yield of wheat aftermath on a commercial
farm in north central Oregon.
The higher moisture regimes...
Algae have shown great potential as a source for renewable fuels. However, current production schemes have not been able to prove a sustainable energy return on investment due in part to the high costs of nutrient addition and the energy required for drying the biomass. Integrated algae-dairy production systems have...
The fertilizer value of anaerobically-digested, dewatered biosolids in dryland cereal cropping systems was evaluated at six locations in central and eastern Washington (25 to 35 cm annual precipitation zone). Biosolids were applied at rates of 3 to 20 Mg/ha (approximately 150 to 900 kg N/ha). We measured increases in soil...
This investigation explored the use of microcosms as a tool for
studying the dynamics of tropical aquaculture ponds. The potential use
of rabbit excreta as a pond fertilizer in integrated farming systems was
also investigated.
Twelve insulated fiber glass tanks were utilized as microcosms to
simulate earthen ponds. Seven hand-sexed...
Environmental and regulatory concerns are causing confined animal feeding operations (CAFO's) to account for phosphorous content when applying wastewater to agricultural fields for disposal. In most cases this requires more land to spread the waste onto so that the phosphorous needs of the crop are not exceeded. A mobile process...
Traditionally, livestock operations were small and combined with cropping operations. This allowed farms to be self-sustaining because nutrients were constantly recycled on the farm. Since the Haber-Bosch chemical process was patented, crop farmers turn to industrial fertilizers when soils nutrients are depleted. Animal and plant operations diverged, functionally separated, and...
The effect of incorporated sawdust, sawdust mulch and nitrogen (N) fertilizer rate on soil nutrients and other properties, N uptake, and plant growth in a young blueberry planting on a silt loam soil type was studied in 2004 and 2005. ‘Elliott’ highbush blueberry plants were established on raised beds that...
Total organic carbon, total nitrogen, microbial respiration and enzyme
activity (β-glucosidase) were measured on several horizons of a Dayton silt loam
(fine, montmorillonitic, mesic, Typic Albaqualf) soil cropped to annual ryegrass
under two straw residue management systems. The study evaluated the effects
of annual burning of straw residues or annual...