Genomic instability underlies diseases of unregulated cell growth that result in
cancers and developmental abnormalities in humans. Similar genome destabilizing
mechanisms are used to create genetic variety in crops for use in breeding and trait
development. Errors that occur during DNA replication may cause mutations if
they are not corrected...
Published April 1943. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Cells are constantly bombarded with mutagens, both endogenous and exogenous in origin. Endogenous sources of mutation include reactive oxygen species formed during aerobic respiration, replication errors by DNA polymerase, and spontaneous deamination and depurination (Jackson 2009). Exogenous sources of mutation include UV and ionizing radiation, aflatoxins, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons...
Purpose: The purpose of this investigation was to identify a deep-water running (DWR) style that most closely approximates terrestrial running. Methods: Twenty healthy male and female intercollegiate (NCAA III) distance runners were videotaped from the right sagittal view while running on a treadmill (TR) and in deep water at 55-60%...
Trials to achieve optimal bucking were made with updated OSU-BUCK software in an eastern and a western Oregon location during the summers of 1993 and 1994. The commercial version of the software allows tagging of each log with bar-code identification numbers and therefore provides tracking from stump to customer. Data...
The founders of Cascadia Community College changed faculty role and duties as they designed a new college. The college founders chose which themes of learning reform would be enacted by faculty in this new setting. They determined what elements of traditional roles continued to be important and what new expectations...
Published July 1974. Reprinted July 2001. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Groundwater overdraft in the Wilcox Groundwater Basin, as a consequence of increasing rates of agricultural groundwater withdrawal, has led to significant regional groundwater level decline and threatens to undermine the basin’s long-term water resource security. Updated characterization of the basin’s water resource conditions and agricultural water demand is critically important...
Running economy (RE) is the amount of oxygen utilized (ml.kg⁻¹min⁻¹) when
running a fixed speed, and it has been demonstrated to be an important factor
determining race performance in distance runners. There is evidence that running
economy and/or maximal oxygen consumption (VO₂max) improves over the course
of a training season...
The treatment of certain types of cancers brings with it serious physiological and
psychological side effects in cancer survivors, including: decreased aerobic capacity,
muscle wasting, body composition changes, fatigue, and a diminished overall quality of
life. Exercise may directly influence the physiological side effects of cancer and cancer
treatment, and...
Over the past few decades, a primary focus has been on the negative health effects of not participating in regular moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MPVA). Only recently has sedentary behavior been studied as a distinct and independent risk factor for adverse health outcomes. This dissertation sought to provide new insights into...
The purpose of this study was to develop a profile
of Christian College physical education faculty members
regarding their academic preparation, professional
experience, and selected duties, as well as to identify
important components of graduate preparation at the
doctoral level for future faculty at these
institutions.
A survey instrument was...
Endurance athletes set the intensities of training sessions using blood lactate data from a maximal graded exercise test. Specifically, these intensities are set as a percentage of heart rate (HR) at lactate threshold (LT). Often, however, gas exchange threshold (GET) data is used as a predictor of LT as it...
A distinguishing feature of elite cross-country (xc) skiers is their superlative upper body power (UBP). Race points/rankings are highly correlated to UBP, thus it appears that UIBP training is an integral component to the success of xc ski racers. Recently, roller board training was shown to be superior for improving...
Female participation in high-contact sports has increased
dramatically in the past two decades, raising concern regarding injury to
the female breast and the need for protective equipment. While the use of
chest/breast protectors by women is advocated, little is known of their
efficacy and effect on athletic performance. The purpose...
It has previously been shown that the proportion of fat metabolized during
aerobic exercise is higher in trained subjects, and there is conflicting evidence as to
whether or not gender or age influence fat utilization during exercise. PURPOSE: The
primary objective of this study was to investigate whether body composition...
Athletic activities have always carried an inherent risk for injuries, and basketball is no
exception. Basketball is the second most popular team sport in the United States in
which 984,777 high school boys and girls participated during the 2010-2011 season.
Athletic trainers and strength and conditioning staff are pressured to...
Exercise training has consistently been shown to increase fat utilization during exercise, while conflicting results have been reported on the effects of sex and age on fuel metabolism during exercise. PURPOSE: The primary objective of this investigation was to compare fat and carbohydrate utilization during exercise among males and females...
The purpose of the study was to address the three limitations of
previous research as identified by the Western Region W-139 Technical
Committee (1980). First, specific hypotheses were tested. Second,
through hypotheses testing, understanding was gained of energy conservation
behavior and energy problem perceptions. Third, the sample size
was large...
Background: The Oregon Wrestling Weight Monitoring Program establishes the athlete’s minimum wrestling weight (MW) for the season. This program specifies the
wrestler’s maximum weight loss rate and was implemented in order to reduce
unhealthy weight-cutting behaviors commonly practiced by wrestlers. Aims: (1) To
compare differences in percent body fat (%BF)...
The widespread use of Wireless Local Area Networks (WLAN) and the desire for such products from different vendors to operate together has generated a movement towards standardization. Over the last decade, several organizations worldwide have researched and developed such standards, this includes the IEEE 802.11 committee. One of the important...
The purpose of this study is to list the public school classroom
activities of the Oregon State University sophomore block students
assigned to a public elementary school classroom for four afternoons
per week for one quarter. Results of the study will provide the
Elementary Education Division with partial data to...
The causes of the global biodiversity crisis are varied and complex. Anthropogenic threats may act in isolation, or interact additively or synergistically with each other or with natural stressors to affect sensitive taxa. The recent emergence of many infectious diseases in wildlife has brought attention to the role of disease...
This study examines the interactions between the scientific communities of the
Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory (LBL) and the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center
(SLAC) in the discovery of the tau lepton by physicist Martin Perl between 1973-
1977. Perl became interested in searching for heavy leptons through positron-electron
collision experiments using the...
Student problem behavior continues to be a primary concern in schools and, as resources decrease and greater burden is placed upon teachers, schools are pursuing better ways to mange student behavior. Researchers have continually found that when correctly implemented, Positive Behavior Supports (PBS) is an effective system for mitigating problem...
Micro air vehicles (MAV's) and small unmanned aerial vehicles (SUAV) are remotely piloted or autonomous aircraft with a take-off mass range between 50 g and few kilograms. These vehicles, as well as natural fliers such as bats and insects, utilize a variety of elastic wing structures including thin membranes. Over...
A computer model was created using compressor and
condenser performance data to simulate vapor-compression
ammonia refrigeration system performance under various
operating conditions and strategies. The model was used to
estimate energy, demand, and cost savings resulting from
reduced condensing pressures.
Two ammonia refrigeration systems were selected for the
investigation into...
Study Design. This study investigated the effects of a lumbar support belt on lumbar disc deformation and joint angles. Trunk strength and endurance were also compared to disc deformation and joint angles to determine if any meaningful relationships existed.
Objective. The purpose of this study was to determine if back...
The increase in tissue extensibility and joint range of motion through stretching has often been demonstrated. However, the existence of an optimal stretch duration has not been proven and the identification of an ideal number of repetitions of a stretch has received little attention in the literature. The purpose of...
Elite milers, Sir Roger Bannister and Joseph Falcon, have stated that the
consumption of carbonated beverages hinders the performance of aerobic
events. Oxygen transport is purportedly impaired by the consumption of
carbonated beverages. The research on carbonated beverages has been
limited to the effects on the digestive system, gastric emptying,...
Field tests are often the most practical method to assess aerobic fitness, but
demonstrate greater error variability than laboratory tests. Researchers can improve
field tests by identifying factors that contribute to systematic error in VO₂max
estimation. PURPOSE: To examine the validity and reliability evidence of two field
tests of aerobic...
The purpose of this study was to examine pressure at
five selected sites on the plantar surface of the foot and
adaptations in running kinematics among fourteen male
varsity collegiate distance runners on five different
surfaces--asphalt, cinders, concrete, grass, and tartan.
Pressure data were collected with an Electrodynogram system
(EDG)...
This study was to determine if an increase of PaC0₂, after breath-holding prior to full inspiration, could enable a person to reach the same FVC measured on land while submerged. Another purpose of this study was to explore the difference in Db and %BF between HW at RV, TLC and...
Web-scale discovery systems, such as Serial Solutions’ Summon™ Service, are replacing older federated search technologies as the tool for users to access library resources quickly and easily. The impact of Web-scale discovery systems on instruction is not known. This study of instruction librarian perceptions of Summon’s impact on instruction and...
New unified discovery tools are designed to help students easily identify and retrieve library content. Students want quick and easy discovery of quality sources in a “Google-like” environment. Librarians have often expressed frustration with federated and metasearch systems that cannot take full advantage of discipline specific database features. As new...
Voltage converters or charge pumps find their use in many circuits. They are extensively used in hand held devices as cell phones, pagers, PDA's and laptops. Some of the important issues relating to design of voltage regulators for handheld devices are size, efficiency and noise. Another important factor to be...
In November-December 1984 we carried out an intensive 12-day upper ocean sampling program on
the equator at 140°W as part of the Tropic Heat Experiment. From our observations we constructed
hourly averaged profiles of temperature, salinity, σ₁, turbulent kinetic energy dissipation rate, and horizontal
velocity. These data were used to...
Current public health guidelines for physical activity (PA) were primarily formulated using evidence collected from a series of prospective cohort epidemiological investigations that measured self-reported PA. In light of this observation, and the known discordance between self-reported and objectively-monitored PA, it remains common for researchers to assess compliance to current...
The purpose of the present investigation was to determine the level of nutrition
knowledge and degree of competitiveness in high school wrestlers and their coaches
and to look at the differences between groups. Twelve schools participated in the study
and a total of 180 wrestlers and 29 coaches (12 head...
The purpose of this study was to determine kinetic and kinematic
characteristics of Thai Boxing Roundhouse Kicks. In order to measure the kinetic
variables of peak force and impulse, a triaxial accelerometer was inserted into a
kicking bag. The force data were derived from the known mass and measured
acceleration...
The investigation of force attenuation and performance strategies to respond to changing mechanical constraints helps prevent injury as well as facilitates beneficial insight to provide appropriate instruction to athletes and students. The primary purpose of the study was to assess within subject variability of landing strategies when responding to additional...
The aim of the first manuscript was to examine CHD risk in women with MS by
assessing the frequency of physical inactivity and the frequency of anthropometric,
dietary, and metabolic CHD risk factors. Although participation in physical activity is
often avoided by many women with MS, some women remain physically...
The major purpose of this study was to determine if there were differences between well-trained pre- adolesents and untrained, but normally active counterparts in physical working capacity , body composition and blood lipids. The study hypotheses were that the trained subjects would have a lower mean body fat percentage, lower...
Hop powdery mildew [Podosphaera macularis (Wallr.) U. Braun & S. Takam.] is best controlled via the production of resistant varieties. Recent evidence supports selection against plant susceptibility genes to fungal pathogens as a more durable resistance mechanism than selection for resistance genes. The objective of this study was to identify...
Students today perform research in a disintermediated environment, which often allows them to struggle directly with the process of selecting research tools and choosing scholarly sources. The authors conducted a qualitative study with twenty students, using structured observations to determine the processes students use to select databases and choose sources...
The concept of compensatory mitigation is well established as an approach to environmental management. In the past, mitigation programs have been used to conserve wetlands affected by development, and is proposed as a cost-effective approach to offsetting greenhouse gas emissions through reforestation programs. The concept may be equally applicable to...
Published September 1939. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
The Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a ligand-activated transcription factor and member of the basic helix-loop-helix Per/ARNT/Sim (bHLH/PAS) family of chemosensors and developmental regulators. As a member of the PAS domain family of transcription factors responsive to exogenous signals, the AhR exerts influence on many processes relating to cellular fate....
In this report we describe a preliminary version of a temperature/conductivity profiler that combines the calibration accuracy of a CTD with the vertical resolution of a microstructure instrument and the ease of deployment of an XBT. We also describe the results of a test of this version on a month-long...
The purpose of this study was to examine the validity and reliability of the 30-minute cycling time trial to estimate the heart rate at lactate threshold. Recreationally trained cyclists and triathletes (n = 47) performed 3 tests in random order: 1) One graded exercise test to directly determine lactate threshold...
As childhood obesity rises in the United States, so does the need for effective, sustainable physical activity interventions. The purpose of this study was to assess the feasibility of an early morning care program as well as determine the program’s effects on moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) during the program and...
After an unusually high incidence of Fusarium canker was observed in commercial hop fields of the Pacific Northwest, field surveys were conducted and revealed that canker incidence ranged from 20 to 60% of bines sampled in six commercial fields, as well as wide-spread Hop stunt viroid infection in these six...
We present a deterministic spectral method to predict equilibrium temperature distributions, heat flux, and thermal conductivity in homogeneous and heterogeneous media. We solve the Boltzmann transport equation in a second order spatial, self-adjoint angular flux formulation. We implemented this method into the radiation transport code Rattlesnake, built using the MOOSE...
This study explores the lived experiences of first-year, rural, Oregon students in their initial entry to college. Through qualitative research involving one-on-one interviews with 10 participants, the author examines the transition of rural students into higher education, common experiences of rural students in their first term of college, and perceived...
We hypothesized that calpain activity is elevated in response to muscle damage. To test this hypothesis, we examined the degradation of α-fodrin into its 150 and 145 kDa fragments following either 20 eccentric or isometric contractions. In addition, experiments were performed in the presence or absence of E-64-d, a calpain...
The “fat-hunger paradox” is a relatively recent phenomenon in the United States in which people of low socioeconomic status are disproportionately overweight or obese, and yet frequently lack access to adequate food and nutrition. Research indicates additional disparities in the prevalence of overweight and obesity amongst most racial and ethnic...
The rhetorical significance of Mormonism stems from its history and its success—this success being measured by its consistent increase in membership. The total membership of the Mormon Church has grown from 6 members in 1830 to just over 14 million in just over 180 years. A consistently high rate of...
In Nazi Germany, 1938, Der Stürmer publishing house, under the control of Julius Striecher, published Der Giftpilz or The Poisonous Mushroom; an anti-Semitic children's book. Disseminated in the thousands, Der Giftpilz became infamously known as a children's book so grotesque it could be, and in fact was, admitted as evidence...
Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (hereafter Batrachochytrium), a fungal pathogen of amphibians, causes the disease chytridiomycosis which is responsible for unprecedented population declines and extinctions globally. Host defenses against chytridiomycosis include cutaneous symbiotic bacteria and anti-microbial peptides, and proposed treatment measures include use of fungicides and bioaugmentation. Efforts to eradicate the fungus from...
Maximal aerobic capacity (V̇O₂max) is the most widely used measure for assessing cardiorespiratory fitness. It is a strong contributor to performance in endurance sports, predicts functional capacity in older adults, and is related to overall disease risk. As such, it is important that testing methodologies for determining V̇O₂max provide valid...
A light, simple, and fairly inexpensive hand-launched freely falling probe for measuring temperature microstructure was built. The circuitry operates under pressure in a Freon environment; low-power integrated circuits are used as components. The probe is assembled from plastic pipe and fittings and recovered with monofilament fishing line. Standard XBTs are...
Monte Carlo simulations are carried out to determine the error in the inversion of backscattering from remotely sensed reflectance when geometrical shape factors of the light field are assumed to be unity. The results show that error in backscattering inversion can vary from a 40% overestimation to a 20% underestimation...