The lodgepole pine type commonly occurs as an even-aged, singlestoried, and overstocked forest. Dwarf mistletoe is widespread throughout the type and causes growth and quality reduction, reduced seed production, and some direct mortality. The land manager has three alternatives where dwarf mistletoe occurs: (1) do nothing, (2) eradicate the stand,...
Windthrow occurred during late April on the Glacier View, Hungry Horse, Spotted Bear, and Swan Lake Ranger Districts, Flathead National Forest. An evaluation to determine potential for development of spruce beetle and Douglas-fir beetle outbreaks was made during late June and early July. All areas examined were classed as having...
Dipel (R) was applied by helicopter to three blocks of Douglas fir and Engelmann spruce infested with Choristoneura occidentalis Free., in southwestern Montana. Dosage was 1 pound (7.2 Bill) in 2 gallons of water/acre (453 g in 7.5 t/0.4 ha). A commercial surfactant, Bio-film (R) was added at the rate...
Aerial surveys of six Montana National Forests in 1975 found a 22.1% increase in the area of visible defoliation caused by the western spruce budworm. It is estimated that 2,278,804 acres of Douglas-fir forests are now suffering at least 25% defoliation. This is an increase of 503,706 acres over the...
The pine needle cast fungus, Lophodermella concolor, caused severe discoloration and subsequent defoliation of lodgepole pine on over 4,000 acres and light defoliation on over 4,500 acres of lodgepole pine in the lower Clark Fork River drainage in 1975. Some trees had lost the last 3 years' growth of needles,...
Mortality from various causes was recorded in a Douglas-fir tussock moth, Orgyia pseudotsugata McD., outbreak southeast of Coeur d'Alene, Idaho, in 1974. Observations began June 27 when about 50 percent of the larvae were second instars and continued until pupation. Within a 35-day period, there was a 93 percent average...
Emerged beetles were first collected July 17 and peak emergence occurred between August 10 and 26, 1975. Density of attacks averaged four per 0.5 ft. 2 (0.05 m2). Parent to brood ratio was 1:4.6. Thirteen associate insects, representing six families of Coleoptera and one of Diptera, were recovered. Associates included...
Mountain pine beetle reached epidemic levels in the Lap, Cool, Lang, and Caribou Creek drainages in 1974. From 1973 to 1975, approximately 56,282 trees with an estimated volume of 4,365,660 board feet were killed in these areas. An additional 61,721 trees are predicted to be killed in 1976. Currently infested...
Mountain pine beetle has occurred at epidemic level in lodgepole pine stands in the west Gallatin River drainage since 1969. Infestation now encompasses about 5,500 acres. Since 1969, approximately 463,212 trees, with an estimated volume of 20,529,244 board feet have been killed. Approximately 69 percent of the stands on the...
Evaluation of four 35 mm film:lens combinations for estimating conifer mortality showed that large-scale true color images obtained with Kodak High Speed Ektachrome and color infrared images obtained with Kodak Ektachrome Infrared, both exposed through a 135 mm lens were best. Higher correlation coefficients were found for the true color:135...
Mountain pine beetle infestations in the Snell Creek and Warland Peak areas were evaluated in October 1975. Based on current buildup ratios, tree diameter distributions, stand composition and phloem thicknesses, there appears to be limited opportunity for epidemic potential in either area. Management alternatives are discussed. Selective logging is recommended...
Shade tree insect and disease activity within the city limits of Bozeman, Montana, were evaluated. Other than a few minor insects, the park, cemetery, and street trees are in remarkably good condition. Both the Park Department and private homeowners appreciate the value of trees in the urban environment. Recommendations on...
A supplemental Douglas-fir tussock moth egg mass evaluation was made within three quarter sections north of Poison, Montana, during April 1975. These areas were being considered for a pilot control project of a nucleopolyhedrosis virus spray. Results from the April evaluation showed these areas no longer qualified as sites for...
Mountain pine beetle reached epidemic levels in the Lazier-Meadow Creek drainages on mixed ownership in 1972. A total of 118,486 trees with an estimated volume of 5,666,124 board feet was killed from 1972 through 1974. Presence of overstocked, mature, nearly pure lodgepole stands, coupled with favorable weather conditions, are believed...
The benomyl fungicide, rersan, applied at 7 and 14 pounds active ingredient per acre, on April 26 and July 25, 1973, was ineffective in reducing mortality in 2-0 Engelmann spruce seedlings derived from two different seed sources growing in three different nursery sections at the USFS Coeur d'Alene Nursery. Percent...