Phytoplankton are a sentinel class of organisms in the marine environment. Through their photosynthetic activity in sunlit waters worldwide, phytoplankton shape the health and productivity of marine ecosystems and impact the global climate. In this work a range of ocean sensing technologies (via ships, surf zone sampling, moorings, gliders, and...
The testes of the gray-tailed vole (Microtus canicaudus Miller) exhibited a high affinity for selenium relative to other selected tissues. Uptake of selenium-75 in the testis-epididymis complex was delayed relative to uptake by the whole body, kidney, and liver. This pattern of uptake suggested that selenium was metabolically incorporated into...
Ocean color remote-sensing systems require highly accurate calibration (<0.5%) for accurate retrieval of water properties. This accuracy is typically achieved by vicarious calibration which is done by comparing the atmospherically corrected remote-sensing data to accurate estimates of the water-leaving radiance. Here we present a new method for vicarious calibration of...
Existing atmospheric correction algorithms for multichannel remote sensing of ocean color from space were designed for retrieving water-leaving radiances in the visible over clear deep ocean areas and cannot easily be modified for retrievals over turbid coastal waters. We have developed an atmospheric correction algorithm for hyperspectral remote sensing of...
Remotely sensed sea surface temperature (SST) and a model originally developed for Cap Blanc, northwest Africa [Dugdale et al., 1989], are used to estimate new production (i.e., nitrate uptake, in the sense of Dugdale and Goering [1967]) for the persistent coastal upwelling feature at Point Conception, California. Parameters required to...
The difference between the temperature of the ocean at 4-cm and 2-m depth was continuously monitored during a cruise to the coastal transition zone off Point Arena, California (38°58′N, 123°45′W), during June 1987. The two temperatures were coincident most of the time but diverged during one nearshore leg of the...
We evaluate the theoretical performance of a point-source integrating-cavity absorption meter (PSICAM) with Monte Carlo simulations and a sensitivity analysis. We quantify the scattering errors, verifying that they are negligible for most ocean optics applications. Although the PSICAM detector response is highly sensitive to the value of the wall reflectivity,...
Macronutrients persist in the surface layer of the equatorial Pacific Ocean because the production of phytoplankton is limited; the nature of this limitation has yet to be resolved. Measurements of photosynthesis as a function of irradiance (P-I) provide information on the control of primary productivity, a question of great biogeochemical...
As a demonstrator for technologies for the next generation of ocean color sensors,
the Hyperspectral Imager for the Coastal Ocean (HICO) provides enhanced spatial and
spectral resolution that is required to understand optically complex aquatic environments. In
this study we apply HICO, along with satellite remote sensing and in situ...
Full Text:
Bay, CA, USA. Remote Sens. 2014, 6, 1007–1025
Marcos J. Montes 1,*, John P. Ryan 2, CurtissO. Davis
As a demonstrator for technologies for the next generation of ocean color sensors,
the Hyperspectral Imager for the Coastal Ocean (HICO) provides enhanced spatial and
spectral resolution that is required to understand optically complex aquatic environments. In
this study we apply HICO, along with satellite remote sensing and in situ...
Full Text:
Ecology Studies in Monterey Bay, CA, USA
John P. Ryan
1,
*, CurtissO. Davis
2
, Nicholas B
As a demonstrator for technologies for the next generation of ocean color sensors,
the Hyperspectral Imager for the Coastal Ocean (HICO) provides enhanced spatial and
spectral resolution that is required to understand optically complex aquatic environments. In
this study we apply HICO, along with satellite remote sensing and in situ...
Current ocean color sensors, for example SeaWiFS and MODIS, are well suited for sampling the open ocean. However,
coastal environments are spatially and optically more complex and require more frequent sampling and higher spatial
resolution sensors with additional spectral channels. We have conducted experiments with data from Hyperion and
airborne...
Understanding and modeling microbial responses and feedbacks to climate change is hampered by a lack of a framework in the pelagic environment by which to link local mechanism to large scale patterns. Where terrestrial ecology draws from landscape theory and practice to address issues of scale, the pelagic seascape concept...
This study uses derivative spectroscopy to assess qualitative and quantitative information regarding seafloor types that can be extracted from hyperspectral remote sensing reflectance signals. Carbonate sediments with variable concentrations of microbial pigments were used as a model system. Reflectance signals measured directly over sediment bottoms were compared with remotely sensed...
Remote-sensing reflectance is easier to interpret for the open ocean than for coastal regions because the optical signals are highly coupled to the phytoplankton (e.g., chlorophyll) concentrations. For estuarine or coastal waters, variable terrigenous colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM), suspended sediments, and bottom reflectance, all factors that do not covary...
The propagation of downwelling irradiance at wavelength l from surface to a depth (z) in the ocean is governed by the diffuse attenuation coefficient, K𝒹(λ). There are two standard methods for the derivation of K𝒹(λ) in remote sensing, which both are based on empirical relationships involving the blue-to-green ratio of...
A drifter equipped with bio-optical sensors and an automated water sampler was deployed in the California Current as part of the coastal transition zone program to study the biological, chemical, and physical dynamics of the meandering filaments. During deployments in 1987 and 1988, measurements were made of fluorescence, downwelling irradiance,...
A drifter equipped with bio-optical sensors and an automated water sampler was deployed in the California Current as part of the coastal transition zone program to study the biological, chemical, and physical dynamics of the meandering filaments. During deployments in 1987 and 1988, measurements were made of fluorescence, downwelling irradiance,...
Sensor design and mission planning for satellite ocean color measurements requires careful consideration of the signal dynamic range and sensitivity (specifically here signal-to-noise ratio or SNR) so that small changes of ocean properties (e.g., surface chlorophyll-a concentrations or Chl) can be quantified while most measurements are not saturated. Past and...
Euphotic zone depth, z[subscript]1%, reflects the depth where photosynthetic available radiation
(PAR) is 1% of its surface value. The value of z[subscript]1% is a measure of water clarity, which is
an important parameter regarding ecosystems. Based on the Case-1 water assumption,
z[subscript]1% can be estimated empirically from the remotely derived...
I monitored demography, movement, and reproductive behavior of gray-tailed voles, Microtus canicaudus, in experimental habitat patches with and without corridors. I tested the hypotheses that reproductive rate, juvenile recruitment, and population size and growth rate would be affected negatively by immigrants that were introduced to resident groups (+ male and...
A survey of major bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) breeding programs and
seed producing areas in Idaho, Washington, and Oregon was conducted to
determine the occurrence of cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), recently reported
to be seedborne in beans. Some 259 plants, sampled from breeding
lines of diverse germplasm, were found by enzyme-linked...
Previous research examining the influences of post-fire salvage logging on abundances of birds has focused primarily on the response of cavity-nesting species. There is limited research in regard to the impact of salvage logging on a broader range of bird species. In addition, little is known about how different intensities...
The physical, biological, chemical, and optical
processes of the ocean operate on a wide
variety of spatial and temporal scales, from
seconds to decades and from micrometers to
thousands of kilometers (Dickey et al., this
issue; Dickey, 1991). These processes drive
the accumulation and loss of living and nonliving
mass...
The Ocean Portable Hyperspectral Imager for Low-Light Spectroscopy (Ocean PHILLS) is a hyperspectral imager specifically designed for imaging the coastal ocean. It uses a thinned, backside-illuminated CCD for high sensitivity and an all-reflective spectrograph with a convex grating in an Offner configuration to produce a nearly distortion-free image. The sensor,...
Hydrological optics has a rich history, playing a significant role in physical, chemical, and biological oceanography. The success over the last 30 years has provided oceanographers with a non-invasive means to study regional and global scale physical, chemical, and biological processes (Figure 1). The ability to map the color of...
The Hyperspectral Imager for the Coastal Ocean (HICO) presently onboard the International Space Station (ISS) is an imaging spectrometer designed for remote sensing of coastal waters. The instrument is not equipped with any onboard spectral and radiometric calibration devices. Here we describe vicarious calibration techniques that have been used in...
We present the results of a study of optical scattering and backscattering of particulates for three coastal sites that represent a wide range of optical properties that are found in U.S. near-shore waters. The 6000 scattering and backscattering spectra collected for this study can be well approximated by a power-law...
Hyperion is a hyperspectral sensor on board NASA’s EO-1 satellite with a spatial
resolution of approximately 30 m and a swath width of about 7 km. It was originally designed
for land applications, but its unique spectral configuration (430 nm – 2400 nm with a ~10 nm
spectral resolution) and...
The effects of light incident on leafy cuttings is
quite complex because' light influences several factors
which may affect root formation. One effect of light is
to influence the carbohydrate status of the cutting by
influencing photosynthesis. The role of current photosynthate
in the rooting of leafy cuttings is uncertain....
The Goose Lake Basin, situated on the border of Oregon and California, USA, faces significant challenges from drought, wildfire, and other environmental stressors. This region hosts numerous endemic fish species such as the Goose Lake redband trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss newberri), Goose Lake lamprey (Entosphenus sp.), Goose Lake tui chub (Siphateles...
Products as diverse as soda-pop, fashion and
automobiles are selling to the tunes of classic and current
pop and rock music. The combination of MTV (Music
Television), the latest audio-visual technology, and the
replacement of movie stars by rock stars as the idols of
contemporary youth (Beckett, 1985; Hartman, 1987),...
Studies of δ¹⁸O held in freshwater bivalve shell carbonate are useful for reconstructing paleoclimates and environmental changes and inform interpretations about past human behavior and periods of culture change. Stable isotope analyses (δ¹⁸O) of Margaritifera falcata shells found at the Cooper's Ferry archaeological site located in the lower Salmon River...
In optically shallow waters, i.e., when the bottom is visible through the water,
a tantalizing variety and level of detail about bottom characteristics are
apparent in aerial imagery (Figure 1a). Some information is relatively easy to
extract from true color, 3-band imagery (e.g., the presence and extent of submerged
vegetation),...
A spectrum-matching and look-up-table (LUT) methodology has been developed and evaluated to extract environmental information from remotely sensed hyperspectral imagery. The LUT methodology works as follows. First, a database of remote-sensing reflectance (R[subscript]rs) spectra corresponding to various water depths, bottom reflectance spectra, and water-column inherent optical properties (IOPs) is constructed...
This paper continues exploration in the area of
programming for parallel computers. The appendix to the
paper contains an extensive survey of the literature related
to parallel computers and parallel programming techniques.
The paper itself presents a new approach to solving
the Laplace equation on a. parallel computer. A new...
The three important methods of approximation; interpolation,
least- squares, and Chebyshev, are extended into bivariate approximations.
A method of obtaining polynomial approximations for very
general classes of bivariate samples is developed. Bivariate least -
square approximations are reviewed and a method of developing bibariate
orthogonal sequence is derived. A method...
Site formation processes at Ayia Varvara Asprokremnos, a potentially early Neolithic archaeological site on Cyprus, are examined in order to build a larger predictive model. The study area immediate to the site encompasses 6.33 hectares and includes the site and alluvial terraces on both sides of the Gialias River. Fourteen...
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________________________________________________________________________
Loren Davis
Abstract:
Site formation processes at Ayia Varvara Asprokremnos, a
In this thesis we consider computer techniques for inverting
n X n matrices and linear Fredholm integral operators of the
second kind. We develop techniques which allow us to prove the
existence of and find approximations to inverses for the above
types of operators. In addition, we are able to...
Interval arithmetic is applied to the problem of obtaining
rigorous solutions to integral equations on a computer. The
integral equations considered are the linear Fredholm equation of
the second kind and the nonlinear Urysohn equation. Techniques are
presented which enable the computer to find an approximate
solution, prove the existence...
We will consider the implementation of a computer program to
solve a nonlinear algebraic system of N equations and unknowns.
The program involves the use of a parameter, Newton's method, and
an automatic change of parameter. Also considered are rigorous
error bounds for the answer. The program was implemented and...
The goal of this project was to write a children’s book featuring same-sex and interracial families for children to both see themselves represented as well as to expose others to diverse, and increasingly common, family types. The creation of the book was guided by an analysis of the books available...
A function translator is presented which was designed for
interactive programs which allow functions to be defined on-line. The
translator handles functions which are specified by a formula and
functions which are specified as the solution to a system of differential
equations.
The approximation of a continuous function, in the maximum
norm, by continuous splines in the Everett Interpolation Form is considered.
The topics of characterization, uniqueness, and calculation
of best approximations are investigated. Since uniqueness fails, a
new vector-valued norm, which yields uniqueness, is introduced.
In this thesis some methods for solving systems of
nonlinear equations are described, which do not require
calculation of the Jacobian matrix. One of these methods
is programmed to solve a parametrized system with possible
singularities. The efficiency of this method and a modified
Newton's method are compared using experimental...