Includes Partial Least Squares Regression and Univariate Linear model RStudio code and results in PDF form for each of the three specimen populations scanned by two different light sources. Also included is a generalized PDF document and RMarkdown document for predicting percent wood failure.
Structural engineered wood manufacturers need a quantitative measurement technique to determine the ratio of wood to adhesive failure in their shear specimens. Visual estimation of percent wood failure has long stood as an extremely subjective quality control approach according to ASTM D5266 – Standard Practice for Estimating the Percentage of...
Spraying of liquid adhesive onto wood surfaces has shown to be a highly effective and efficient method of application across many different wood-based composite industries. However, the dynamics of spraying are extremely variable and distribution can be affected by liquid properties (rheology, molecular weight distribution, and temperature), application parameters (disk...
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Fredrick A. Kamke
Spraying of liquid adhesive onto wood surfaces has shown to be a highly
As a new product patented by Freres Lumber Company in 2018, little information exists for manu-facturing procedures of mass plywood panels (MPP). At first glance, MPP may appear to be ply-wood, laminated veneer lumber (LVL), or similar to conventional cross-laminated timber (CLT). Often manufacturers, as well as users, of MPP...
Using plant fibers as a potential renewable material to substitute for glass fibers in fiber-reinforced polymer composites has been growing since the late 1990s. Due to high demand, there has been a shift towards ‘green concept’ material in many applications. Numerous secondary plant fibers have been explored as a source...
Wood composites are an important renewable structural material which can be a net carbon sink when used in combination with sustainable forest management practices and high rates of log utilization. Adhesive bondlines are an essential part of composites, and for wood composites, they determine the moisture durability and mechanical performance...
Many wood composites are known to poorly resist the effects of moisture and temperature extremes over time. Degradation of adhesive bonds, irreversible thickness swell and dimensional instability result in a decrease of properties and a possible failure of the material. Accelerated weathering has become an essential tool for assessment of...
There is no doubt that adhesive penetration plays an important role in wood bondline joint performance and durability; yet, to date there is no direct experimental evidence linking penetration depth with bond performance. This is, in part, because adhesive penetration is commonly assessed with various 2D microscopy techniques that are...
The importance of wood bonding increased in the last decades due to the
increased usage of wood composites whose performance depends to a large extent on
the adhesive penetration and subsequent bonding of the adherends. The presented
research used XMT (x-ray microtomography) to perform a non-destructive, threedimensional
analysis of the...
The fundamental intent of the study was to develop an innovative wood-strand composite for use in structural applications. Plantation grown, low density, hybrid poplar was used in the study which was found to be appropriate for the underlying Viscoelastic Thermal Compression (VTC) process. Wood modified by this process has high...
The objective of this research project was to increase the density, strength, and stiffness of two low to medium-density diffuse-porous hardwood species. Wood used in this study was processed using a method of wood densification known as “Viscoelastic Thermal Compression” (VTC). The VTC process is a three phase treatment which...
Dimensional stability of wood-based composites with changing moisture content remains an important challenge in the industry for many applications. Wood modification technologies have shown significant improvement in dimensional stability by altering the chemistry of the wood substrate, or by filling the available space in the wood microstructure that otherwise would...
Moisture durability is essential for wood composites, especially those used in building construction, where products are prone to weathering. The primary focus of this research was to determine if adhesive penetration into the cell wall has a positive influence on adhesive bond durability. To fully understand the measureable effects of...
Sandwich composites are typically produced from two high strength facings bonded to a lower strength, lightweight core. Sandwich design has proven to be efficient for applications demanding high strength and low weight. Wood-based sandwich composites have been largely limited to non-structural applications with the exception of structural insulated panels and...
The effects of incorporation of selected biocides on physical and mechanical properties of aspen strandboard were assessed using five copper-based preservatives or zinc borate at three retention levels. Tebuconazole or 4,5-dichloro-2-N-octyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one (DCOI) were added as co-biocides to selective copper-based treatments. Mold box tests showed that only panels treated with DCOI...
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Jeffery J. Morrell FrederickA. Kamke
The effects of incorporation of selected biocides
As the forest industry moves toward the use of younger trees and production of an increasing number of composite products improving durability has gained importance. Coatings are one of the most widely used methods for improving wood durability because they improve resistance to water penetration, and subsequent shrinking and swelling,...
The tendency of wood to shrink and swell with changing moisture content remains as one of the most significant challenges to using wood in its many applications. Viscoelastic Thermal Compression (VTC) has been shown to significantly increase the density, strength and stiffness of wood. However, dimensional stability is still a...
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FrederickA. Kamke
The tendency of wood to shrink and swell with changing moisture
Accelerated weathering (AW) tests have become a requirement for many wood composite products. This project monitored temperature and moisture content of specimens undergoing AW exposure for the following standards: ASTM D3434 (automatic boil test), CSA O112.9 (boil-dry-freeze), and PS2 (Section 7.17, 6-cycle VPS). Each AW procedure was conducted with three...
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FrederickA. Kamke
Accelerated weathering (AW) tests have become a requirement for many
Western juniper and cinnamon essential oils were combined with ethanol at 2.5, 5, and 10% concentrations by weight and applied to hybrid poplar (Populus trichocarpa x P. deltoids) veneers by vacuum soaking to produce a naturally durable wood veneer with increased mechanical properties for use in structural composites. Half of...
Vegetation patterns and species distributions are strongly linked to soil moisture regimes, and populations within a species from contrasting climatic regimes could exhibit differences in the degree to which certain functional traits related to establishment are expressed. Tree seedling survival is crucial for forest regeneration, and thus may be a...
Descriptions of the fire regime in the Douglas-fir/western hemlock region of the Pacific Northwest traditionally have emphasized infrequent, predominantly stand-replacement fires and an associated linear pathway of stand development, where all stands proceed along a common pathway until reset by the next fire. Although such a description may apply in...