The state of the knowledge for fault behavior in the northwest Himalaya and California varies dramatically. In the Pakistan and Kashmir Himalaya, few data constrain the role that individual active faults play in accommodating Indo-Eurasian convergence and the relative earthquake hazard across the region. By contrast, the San Andreas fault...
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AN ABSTRACT OF THE DISSERTATION OF
Christopher Lee Madden Madugo for the degree of Doctor of
The state of the knowledge for fault behavior in the northwest Himalaya and California varies dramatically. In the Pakistan and Kashmir Himalaya, few data constrain the role that individual active faults play in accommodating Indo-Eurasian convergence and the relative earthquake hazard across the region. By contrast, the San Andreas fault...
The state of the knowledge for fault behavior in the northwest Himalaya and California varies dramatically. In the Pakistan and Kashmir Himalaya, few data constrain the role that individual active faults play in accommodating Indo-Eurasian convergence and the relative earthquake hazard across the region. By contrast, the San Andreas fault...
The state of the knowledge for fault behavior in the northwest Himalaya and California varies dramatically. In the Pakistan and Kashmir Himalaya, few data constrain the role that individual active faults play in accommodating Indo-Eurasian convergence and the relative earthquake hazard across the region. By contrast, the San Andreas fault...
Wheat stripe rust (WSR), also called yellow rust of wheat (Tricitum spp.), causal agent Puccinia striiformis f.sp. tritici (Pst), is a foliar disease of major economic importance on wheat, especially grown in temperate locations. WSR causes major losses of wheat yield, estimated at nearly $ 1 billion per year, and...
It has long been observed that stress can increase our
susceptibility to infectious diseases and cancers. Recent
experimental evidence suggests that this increased susceptibility is
due to suppression of immunity. A variety of neuroendocrine products
are released during periods of stress, and a large number of these
are now known...
DYNAMO and TOGA-COARE observations and reanalysis-based surface flux products are
used to test theories of atmosphere-ocean interaction that explain the Madden-Julian
Oscillation (MJO). Negative intraseasonal outgoing longwave radiation, indicating deep
convective clouds, is in phase with increased surface wind stress, decreased solar heating,
and increased surface turbulent heat flux—mostly evaporation—from...
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. de Szoeke1, James B. Edson2, June R. Marion1, Christopher W. Fairall3, and 3
Ludovic Bariteau3 4
Most studies of plant disease epidemiology have focused on epidemics in host
populations composed of a single genotype. But crop plant diversity can be a useful
means of improving the deployment of resistance genes. In a series of experiments with wheat stripe rust and potato late blight, we studied factors...
Primary disease gradients of wheat stripe rust, caused by the aerially dispersed fungal pathogen Puccinia striformis, were measured in Madras and Hermiston, OR in the springs of 2002 and 2003. Disease foci were created by inoculating a 1.52m x 1.52m area in each of three replicate field plots (6.1m wide...
Mycosphaerella graminicola (anamorph Septoria tritici) causes Septoria tritici blotch, a globally important disease of winter wheat. Resistance and pathogenicity generally vary quantitatively. The pathogen reproduces both sexually and asexually, and the pathogen population is highly genetically variable. Several unresolved questions about the epidemiology of this pathosystem are addressed by this...
We map the regional physiography and surficial lithology (Surficial Geologic Habitat or
SGH) over the continental margin of Oregon. This thesis develops, describes, and
implements an iterative interpretive method to map seafloor habitat types from disparate
geological and geophysical datasets including: bathymetric images, sidescan sonar
images, seismic reflection profiles, sediment...
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AN ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS OF
Christopher G. Romsos for the
At the intersection of basic science research and clinical relevance, cancer metastasis and cell invasion is a multifaceted problem that has been investigated for the past several decades. Importantly, cancer cell plasticity, the ability of a single cell to change its phenotype without genetic mutations in response to environmental cues,...
The public controversy over possible health hazards from radioactive fallout from atomic bomb testing began in 1954, shortly after a thermonuclear test by the United States spread fallout world wide. In the dissertation, I address two of the fundamental questions of the fallout controversy: Was there a threshold of radiation...
DYNAMO and TOGA-COARE observations and reanalysis-based surface flux products are
used to test theories of atmosphere-ocean interaction that explain the Madden-Julian
Oscillation (MJO). Negative intraseasonal outgoing longwave radiation, indicating deep
convective clouds, is in phase with increased surface wind stress, decreased solar heating,
and increased surface turbulent heat flux—mostly evaporation—from...
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, Corvallis, Oregon
CHRISTOPHER W. FAIRALL AND LUDOVIC BARITEAU
Physical Sciences Division, NOAA/Earth
DYNAMO and TOGA-COARE observations and reanalysis-based surface flux products are used to test theories of atmosphere-ocean interaction that explain the Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO). Negative intraseasonal outgoing longwave radiation, indicating deep convective clouds, is in phase with increased surface wind stress, decreased solar heating, and increased surface turbulent heat flux—mostly evaporation—from...
The 2014 Working Group on California Earthquake Probabilities (WGCEP 2014) presents time-dependent earthquake probabilities for the third Uniform California Earthquake Rupture Forecast (UCERF3). Building on the UCERF3 time-independent model published previously, renewal models are utilized to represent elastic-rebound-implied probabilities. A new methodology has been developed that solves applicability issues in...
The 2014 Working Group on California Earthquake Probabilities
(WGCEP14) present the time-independent component of the Uniform California
Earthquake Rupture Forecast, Version 3 (UCERF3), which provides authoritative
estimates of the magnitude, location, and time-averaged frequency of potentially
damaging earthquakes in California. The primary achievements have been to relax
fault segmentation and...
During boreal summer and fall, there is a strong southerly boundary layer flow across the equator into the east Pacific intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ). The modulation of this flow on synoptic to seasonal time scales is studied using an index of meridional pressure difference between the equator and the ITCZ...
A study consisting of three parts was undertaken to investigate how variation in species interactions, population genetic structure, epidemiological parameters, and plant breeding system may influence the ecology and biological control of an apomictic invasive plant, Chondrilla juncea (Asteraceae). Interactions between natural enemy species may modify their net effect on...
The life cycles of three Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) events were observed over the Indian Ocean as part of the Dynamics of the MJO (DYNAMO) experiment. During November 2011 near 0°, 80°E, the site of the research vessel Roger Revelle, the authors observed intense multiscale interactions within an MJO convective envelope,...
Plant diseases often cause serious yield losses in agriculture. A pathogen’s invasiveness can be quantified by the basic reproductive number, R₀. Since pathogen transmission between host plants depends on the spatial separation between them, R₀ is strongly influenced by the spatial scale of the host distribution.We present a proof of...
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A. Mikaberidze et al.
Alexey Mikaberidze, Christopher C
Plant diseases often cause serious yield losses in agriculture. A pathogen’s invasiveness can be quantified by the basic reproductive number, R₀. Since pathogen transmission between host plants depends on the spatial separation between them, R₀ is strongly influenced by the spatial scale of the host distribution.We present a proof of...
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distribution
Alexey MIkAberIdze,1,3 chrIstopher c. Mundt,2 And sebAstIAn bonhoeffer1
1Institute of
With the rise of resistant bacterial pathogens, currently prescribed antibiotics are rendered useless. In recent years, marine natural products (MNPs) have emerged as novel sources for drug leads. The ocean is a complex environment where marine animals cohabitate with many, and sometimes harmful microorganisms and viruses, but resist infections. Developed...
The diurnal variability and the environmental conditions that support the moisture resurgence of MJO events observed during the Cooperative Indian Ocean Experiment on Intraseasonal Variability (CINDY)/DYNAMO campaign in October–December 2011 are investigated using in situ observations and the cloud-resolving fully air–ocean–wave Coupled Ocean–Atmosphere Mesoscale Prediction System (COAMPS). Spectral density and...
Pathogen invasions pose a growing threat to ecosystem stability and public health. Guidelines for the timing and spatial extent of control measures for pathogen invasions are currently limited, however. We conducted a field experiment using wheat (Triticum aestivum) stripe rust, caused by the wind-dispersed fungus Puccinia striiformis, to study the...
Disease detection through traditional techniques such as scouting fields on foot, molecular assays, or morphological identification of plant pathogens is time consuming and costly. Disease diagnosis in the field can be extremely subjective, and largely depends on the experience and knowledge of pathogen identification and disease quantification. This thesis provides...
Background: Large molecular sequence databases are fundamental resources for modern
bioscientists. Whether for project-specific purposes or sharing data with colleagues, it is often
advantageous to maintain smaller sequence databases. However, this is usually not an easy task for
the average bench scientist.
Results: We present the Personal Sequence Database (PSD),...
Grapevine red blotch virus (GRBV), the causal agent of red blotch disease (RBD) in grapevine, Vitis vinifera L., is an emerging pathogen of significance to the wine grape industry of Oregon, USA. To address knowledge gaps of GRBV epidemiology, spread of GRBV was evaluated in Oregon vineyards over four years....
Bacterial soft rot of potato (Solanum tuberosum), caused by Pectobacterium and Dickeya species, is among the most common and destructive potato diseases in the United States. These pathogens cause a variety of vascular wilts, and in potato cause a disease complex that includes tuber soft rot, blackleg, aerial stem rot,...
Podosphaera macularis, causal agent of hop powdery mildew, is known to produce cleistothecia (syn. chasmothecia) in eastern North America and Europe, but ascocarps are not reported from the Pacific Northwestern region of North America. Reasons for the apparent absence of cleistothecia in the Pacific Northwest are unknown. We established that...
Plant pathogens in the genus Phytophthora are known to cause disease on field crops, nursery plants, and forest trees. The best known example probably is Phytophthora infestans, which triggered the infamous Irish potato famine. Other important Phytophthora species include: P. ramorum (sudden oak death pathogen), P. sojae (soybean root rot...
Greater scientific knowledge, changing societal values, and legislative mandates have emphasized the importance
of implementing large-scale flow experiments (FEs) downstream of dams. We provide the first global assessment
of FEs to evaluate their success in advancing science and informing management decisions. Systematic
review of 113 FEs across 20 countries revealed...
For Pacific salmon, the evolution of local adaptations depends upon the species' propensity to return, or "home", to natal streams at time of reproduction. Pacific salmon use olfactory cues to guide homing behavior, yet little is known about the genetics of olfaction in salmon. In this study, I use putatively...
Objective
Our objective was to use episodic memory and executive function tests to determine whether or not Chiari Malformation Type I (CM) patients experience cognitive dysfunction.
Background
CM is a neurological syndrome in which the cerebellum descends into the cervical spine causing neural compression, severe headaches, neck pain, and number...
The dominant processes governing ocean mixing during an active phase of the Madden–Julian oscillation are identified. Air–sea fluxes and upper-ocean currents and hydrography, measured aboard the R/V Revelle during boreal fall 2011 in the Indian Ocean at 0°, 80.5°E, are integrated by means of a large-eddy simulation (LES) to infer...
The advent of high-throughput sequencing (HTS) methods has enabled direct approaches to quantitatively profile small RNA
populations. However, these methods have been limited by several factors, including representational artifacts and lack of
established statistical methods of analysis. Furthermore, massive HTS data sets present new problems related to data processing
and...
The two studies of this dissertation examined mothers' perspectives of nonresident fathers' involvement in low-income families. The overall goal of these studies was to gain a more comprehensive understanding of nonresident fathers' involvement and its effect on family well-being. In the first study I applied a relatively new methodology, zero-inflated...
Motivation: It can take considerable amounts of time and effort to use existing computational tools to analyze a small RNA sequence for the purpose of determining if it is characteristic of microRNA. It is similarly tedious to search for homologs to known microRNA sequences in the rapidly growing collection of...
Protein secondary structure prediction plays a pivotal role in predicting protein folding in three-dimensions. Its task is to assign each residue one of the three secondary structure classes helix, strand, or random coil. This is an instance of the problem of sequential supervised learning in machine learning. This thesis describes...
With the decrease in cost and increase in output of whole-genome shotgun technologies, many metagenomic studies are
utilizing this approach in lieu of the more traditional 16S rRNA amplicon technique. Due to the large number of relatively
short reads output from whole-genome shotgun technologies, there is a need for fast...
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counting program written by Christopher Cramer and compiled for Linux using MLton [28].
B.4. Selection of
Media application on the internet has become more and more popular as the bandwidth of the network links increase. The bottleneck of the existing media systems is no longer the link bandwidth at user’s end, but the server’s ability to handle streaming requests. These existing streaming systems do not scale...
Multi-relation aggregation queries process the join operator before computing the aggregation function. This join is arguably the most costly operation since traditional join algorithms spend majority of their time trying to join the parts of the relations that do not generate any output tuples. This causes slow response times with...
Most database users do not know formal query languages, such as SQL, and prefer to express their information needs using usable query languages, such as keyword queries. Keyword queries, however, are inherently ambiguous and challenging for the database systems to understand and answer effectively. We propose a novel approach to...
Genome defense likely evolved to curtail the spread of transposable elements and invading viruses. A combination of effective defense mechanisms has been shown to limit colonization of the Neurospora crassa genome by transposable elements. A novel DNA transposon named Sly1-1 was discovered in the genome of the most widely used...
The emerging use of portable digital devices by students, parents and teachers, is forcing schools to develop real-time communication systems that integrate technology into the general operations of schools, and contemplate governing policies and procedures to sustain and guide the challenges of these new technologies. This study contributes to this...
Messenger RNA (mRNA) therapy has massive potential to treat various genetic disorders by providing effective proteins to the diseased cells and tissues. Its therapeutic applications include protein replacement, genome editing, and immunotherapy. For successful mRNA treatment, mRNA must be delivered to the cytosol of target cells. One of the leading...
Establishment of marine protected areas (MPAs) has been documented to effectively manage marine resource's diversity and enhance fisheries productivity. However, there must be a critical consideration of how these sites are selected and the actual description of the site itself. Its effectiveness is greatly dependent on understanding these habitats and...