In the Pacific Northwest (PNW), the two most common root-knot nematodes are Meloidogyne hapla and Meloidogyne chitwoodi. These nematodes can infect a wide variety of crops and can cause significant losses. Currently, it is common for the field of nematology to use labor-intensive microscopy to identify plant-parasitic nematodes based on...
Previous reports indicate the presence of multiple CYP1A sequences in rainbow
trout, but their functional differences are unknown. This report describes the cloning and partial characterization of four trout CYP1A cDNAs, which are given the tentative
designations CYP1A1v2, v3, v4, and v5. Comparison among these four and three
previously reported...
Both the structure and composition of naturally generated early-seral forests in the Pacific Northwest (PNW) can be profoundly different than that of more developed forest seres, especially in the period after a major disturbance but before conifers re-develop a closed canopy. While it is reasonable to suggest that the unique...
Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) has been cultivated for human consumption for thousands of years. However, most North Americans do not consume barley on a regular basis. In the last decade, there has been a renewed interest in barley production for human consumption. A number of quality traits estimate nutritional value...
Contemporary forest management involves a more extensive and diverse suite of management objectives than was the case throughout much of the Twentieth Century. Heightened public and political awareness of local and global biodiversity decline, and interest in arresting these trends, has increased the emphasis on broad-based biodiversity conservation as an...
Interest is expanding for the potential role of estuaries, particularly seagrass and salt marsh habitats, to sequester carbon, mitigate ocean acidification, and support abundant fisheries. The important functions of estuaries are part of a broader set of ecosystem services, or benefits to humans, which are regulated by ocean and watershed...
Douglas-fir provides social, economic, and ecological benefits in the Pacific Northwest (PNW). In addition to timber, forests support abundant plant and animal biodiversity and provide socioeconomic viability for many rural communities. Products derived from Douglas-fir account for approximately 17% of the U.S. lumber output with an estimated value of $1.9...
This paper was published in: Deal, R.L. and C.A. Harrington, eds. 2006. Red alder—a state of knowledge. General Technical Report PNW-GTR-669. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Pacific Northwest Research Station. 150 p.
The management of federal forest lands in the Pacific Northwest (PNW) region changed in early 1990s when the
Northwest Forest Plan (NWFP) was adopted with the primary goal to protect old-growth forest and associated
species. A major decline in timber harvest followed, extending an earlier downward trend. The historic and...
Marine bivalves are globally recognized as ecologically and commercially valuable species and, for over a century, researchers have been studying their feeding, digestion and other related physiological processes. These studies have shown that marine bivalves have complex feeding and particle processing behaviors to maximize growth in dynamic environmental conditions. Additionally,...
To effectively manage for biodiversity at broad, ecosystem scales, the influences of habitat structure at multiple spatial scales on vertebrate species must be understood. There are few studies on the broad-scale habitat requirements of stream amphibians despite their importance in streams in forest ecosystems in the Pacific Northwest (PNW) as...
Douglas-fir needle midge (Contarinia pseudotsugae, Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) is a native invasive species in Pacific Northwest Christmas tree farms, seed orchards, and nurseries where Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii [Mirb.] Franco) is present. Douglas-fir needle midge (DFNM) causes discoloration and galls on the needles, thereby it affects the market value of the Christmas...
Water scarcity during summer becomes a serious problem in the Pacific Northwest, threatening forage production provided to livestock. Annual forages show great potential in handling drought because of their flexibility in seeding date and short growing season, and can shift the production to periods of feed shortage and fill the...
Some of the world's most productive timberland lies on the slopes of the coastal range in Oregon and Washington. More than one-half of the commercial forest land in that area is estimated as high site quality for Douglas-fir, with a site index of 140 or better. But much of this...
Published May 1998. Reviewed December 2014. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Published March 1977. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Residual Douglas-fir and lodgepole pine are dwarf mistletoe-infested and pose a threat to existing regeneration. Felling or girdling these residuals, along with sanitation/thinning of dense patches of regeneration, will reduce dwarf mistletoe intensity and increase future volume yields. Present net worth of the projects ranges from -$1 to $39 per...
We measured activity levels of cesium radioisotopes ¹³⁴Cs and ¹³⁷Cs in wild edible fungi, mineral soil, and surface litter of the west coast of North America from southern California to northern Vancouver Island after the Fukushima nuclear accident. All activity measurements were below governmental limits for human health. ¹³⁷Cs activity...
Pratylenchus neglectus and P. thornei reduce wheat yields in the Pacific Northwest USA. Resistant landrace cultivars have been identified using controlled environments. Field resistance and tolerance characteristics were compared over three years and two locations for four spring wheat cultivars; the susceptible cultivars Alpowa and Louise, and the resistant landraces...
Because of their unique physiology, lichen communities are highly sensitive to climatic conditions, making them ideal bioindicators for climate change. Southeast and south-central Alaska host diverse and abundant lichen communities and are faced with a more rapidly changing climate than many more southerly latitudes. We develop sensitive lichen-based indicators for...
Full Text:
canopy. Elevation in our plots
varied from 0 to 2700 m, annual rainfall from 34 to 536 cm. Average
Basal area and height growth were analyzed for individual trees in uneven-aged ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa
Dougl. ex Laws.) and lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Dougl. ex. Loud.) stands in central Oregon. Basal area
growth was modeled as a function of other stand and tree variables to address three general objectives:...
Changes in climate caused by increased concentrations of carbon dioxide (CO₂) in the Earth’s atmosphere have led land and ocean surface temperatures to increase by 0.85°C and sea level to increase by 19 cm relative to preindustrial times. Global climate change will lead to further alterations in mean temperature and...
Published January 1993. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Dual use pasture systems, sometimes referred to as dual purpose pasture systems, take advantage of the land being used to maximize multiple outputs from a single area. Developing a system to support both production of grazing livestock as well as pollinator health is of increasing importance in pasture-based farming systems....
Twenty-two isolates of Flexibacter columnaris were
collected from different species of fish from a wide
geographic range. Shieh medium was selected and modified
to provide satisfactory growth of F. columnaris strains.
Although there were three phenotypic variations in colony
morphology among the strains observed, the environmental
and biochemical characteristics as...
Tables are presented that summarize 108 published articles on forest growth and yield in the Pacific Northwest. Each table describes the form of the information presented, the species to which the information is applicable, the data sources used to develop the information, the data needed to predict growth and yield,...
Clearcut and shelterwood reproduction methods are both important, silviculturally viable reforestation tools for southwest Oregon. The ecology of local forests lends itself to the successful application of either method, in most cases; thus, choice of method is typically based on land management objectives, which integrate social and resource values, economics,...
Snags (standing dead trees) are an essential structural component of forests. Because wildlife use of snags depends on size and decay stage, snag density estimation without any information about snag quality attributes is of little value for wildlife management decision makers. Little work has been done to develop models that...
Snags (standing dead trees) are an essential structural component of forests. Because wildlife use of snags depends on size and decay stage, snag density estimation without any information about snag quality attributes is of little value for wildlife management decision makers. Little work has been done to develop models that...
Snags (standing dead trees) are an essential structural component of forests. Because wildlife use of snags depends on size and decay stage, snag density estimation without any information about snag quality attributes is of little value for wildlife management decision makers. Little work has been done to develop models that...
Most sweet cherries produced in the US Pacific Northwest and shipped to distant markets are often in storage and transit for over 3 weeks. The objectives of this research were to study the effects of sweet cherry storage O2 and CO2 concentrations on the respiratory physiology and the efficacy of...
Marine bacteria play vital roles in every niche of the ocean, from small-scale symbioses to large-scale productivity and the regulation of Earth’s climate. Recent advances in molecular tools now allow us to probe the genetic potential of entire microbial communities. The next step is linking these diverse communities to the...
Full Text:
Location of sampling stations from the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre
(NPSG, A), Pacific Northwest (PNW, B
Because studies of forestry effects on wetlands have been so infrequent in the Pacific Northwest, each section in this report drew heavily from studies of forestry impacts to streams and riparian zones. After assembly and synthesis, that information was extrapolated, mostly in the form of hypotheses, to the very different...
In the last decade, many U.S. parks and protected areas (PPA) experienced record breaking visitation levels. Managers of these PPAs face the challenging task of providing a range of quality and accessible outdoor experiences without compromising the integrity and health of surrounding ecosystems. Understanding how PPA visitors move and interact...
Summaries from 49 published articles on tree volume and taper equations are presented for 39 tree species found in California, Oregon, Washington, British Columbia, southeast Alaska, Idaho, and western Montana. The summaries are organized by species and then by type of equation (volume or taper). Each summary describes the types...
Sierra Nevada forests have high understory species richness yet we do not know which site factors influence
herb and shrub distribution or abundance. We examined the understory of an old-growth mixed-conifer
Sierran forest and its distribution in relation to microsite conditions. The forest has high species richness
(98 species sampled),...
We conducted a study to compare the bite-count technique (BC) of estimating forage intake and synthesized diet quality to direct estimates of diet quantity and quality with the use of the rumen evacuation technique (RE). We used four rumen-fistulated steers to evaluate both techniques. Four enclosures in a mixed-conifer rangeland...
Knowledge about the relationship between habitat structure and abundance of a target species
facilitates biodiversity conservation in managed forests. However, modeling the relationship
for infrequent small mammal species in silvicultural experiments introduces the challenge of
excessive zero counts and complex hierarchical sampling. A common solution has been to
ignore infrequent...
Forest plantations in the Pacific Northwest are highly productive and have been intensively managed to maximize tree growth with practices such as Forest Vegetation Management (FVM). Different FVM regimes have been shown to enhance forest establishment by reducing the competition between the planted seedlings and early-seral vegetation. To better understand...
Olympia oysters, “Ostrea conchaphila,” were once common along the west coast of North America. A popular delicacy, native oyster populations began to decline in the late 1800’s due to over‐harvest, degraded water quality, and habitat loss. Interest in re‐establishing the native oyster in a small Oregon estuary, Netarts Bay, culminated...
Pacific Northwest prairies have become significantly reduced in extent, and in the Willamette Valley of Oregon, less than one percent of native upland prairies remain. Many species have been impacted by this extreme loss of habitat, including Castilleja levisecta (golden paintbrush), a threatened hemiparasitic forb species endemic to the Pacific...
During summer and fall of 1981 to 1983, mark-recapture was
conducted in riparian and upland habitats within old-growth and
mature forests in the Cascade Range of Oregon. Number of
individuals and species richness were greater in riparian than
upland habitat. For most species, the mean adult weights and
the percentages...
Internal browning (IB) can be a serious problem with the use of modified atmosphere packaging
(MAP) for 'Bartlett' pears (Pyrus communis L.) grown in the Pacific Northwest during storage
and transit to distant markets. To investigate this disorder, 'Bartlett' pears harvested at
commercial maturity were packed in a commercial MAP...
Regression models of height growth and survival were fitted to aggregate data for trees, protected and not protected from animal damage, that had been surveyed on Douglas-fir and ponderosa pine plantations in Oregon and Washington. Animal damage significantly affected both height and survival. Dynamic programming analysis-using both soil expectation (Se)...
Documented trends in rising sea levels, storminess, and extreme wave heights have the potential to increase the frequency and magnitude of coastal change hazards, increasing risks to coastal infrastructure and environmental resources. Coastal planners and decision makers need information about the impacts of future hazards in order to apply mitigation...
Communities across the United States are becoming more culturally and ethnically diverse. Indeed, demographers predict that by 2030 most of America’s school-age children will be from a minority group and by 2050, so will most Americans. This increasing diversity changes the nature of the population served by volunteer-based organizations, and...