Abstract: In semi-arid climates, seed is often sown into soil with inadequate water for rapid germination. Distinguishing between adequate and marginal water can be difficult. Planting decisions become increasingly complicated when one considers possible differences between cultivars. This study was designed to measure the soil water potential limits for rapid,...
Yield, occurrence of root canker (B deficiency), and leaf nutrient concentrations of the Morse strain of ‘Detroit Dark Red’ table beet (Beta vulgaris L.) as influenced by combinations of lime and N, B, and P fertilizers were evaluated in three studies. Greatest total yields and most favorable distribution of root...
Corn (Zea mays L., 'Illinois WF 9x38-11') and potato (Solanum tuberosum L., 'Russet Burbank') were grown in dithizone purified nutrient solutions to contrast relationships between dry matter yield, tissue phosphorus (P) concentration, and tissue zinc (Zn) concentration as they influence the development of Zn deficiency and P toxicity. Treatments consisted...
Soil moisture is an essential climate variable influencing land–atmosphere interactions, an essential hydrologic variable impacting rainfall–runoff processes, an essential ecological variable regulating net ecosystem exchange, and an essential agricultural variable constraining food security. Large-scale soil moisture monitoring has advanced in recent years, creating opportunities to transform scientific understanding of soil...
n situ soil moisture monitoring networks are critical to the development of soil moisture remote sensing missions as well as agricultural and environmental management, weather forecasting, and many other endeavors. These in situ networks utilize a variety of sensors and installation practices, which confounds the development of a unified reference...
This field trip consists of two geologic tours. On Tour 1, the Tertiary sedimentary rocks exposed along the Yaquina River between Newport and Toledo, Oregon, will be examined. This tour will start at the mouth of Yaquina Bay where Miocene sedimentary rocks are exposed and will proceed generally eastward and...
The western states include a complex combination of geological, topographical, climatic, and vegetative features. The region extends through 1900 km of latitude and contains three major north-south, storm-directing mountain systems. Most of the region is arid (annual precipitation < 50 em); however, sizeable agriculturally important areas west of the Cascade...
Although ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) and bacteria (AOB) coexist in most non-acidic agricultural soils, the factors that influence their relative contributions to soil nitrification activity remain unclear. A 2- to 4-d whole soil microcosm assay was developed, utilizing the aliphatic C₈ alkyne 1-octyne to inactivate AOB-driven nitrification activity without impacting AOA...
Shrinkage cracks in soil function as a dominant control on the partitioning and distribution of moisture fluxes in the vadose zone. Their dynamics influence moisture balance and control water availability for runoff, deep infiltration, and near-surface storage. We present a new low-cost field instrument to monitor the temporal change in...
Current laboratory methods for determining volume and bulk density of soil clods include dipping saran-coated clods in water (a destructive process due to the permanent coating), performing physical measurements on samples with well-defined geometries, or using expensive equipment and proprietary software (such as laser scanners). We propose an alternative method...
Engineered capillary barriers typically consist of two layers of granular materials designed so that the contrast in material hydraulic properties and sloping interface retain infiltrating water in the upper layer. We conducted two benchtop capillary barrier experiments, followed by interpretation and numerical modeling. The hydraulic parameters for two coarse materials...
’Teamaker’ hop (Humulus lupulus L.) (Reg. No. CV-28,
PI 558864) was developed by the USDA-ARS as a unique,
nonbittering, high beta-acids hop and was released on 26 June
2006. The defining characteristics of Teamaker are its near-zero
percent alpha acids levels—a distinctive condition in the Humulus
species (Haunold et al.,...
NM-9D11A-AN3 alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) germplasm
(Reg. no. GP-337, NSL 386506) was developed by the New
Mexico Agricultural Experiment Station and released 5 Oct.
1998. NM-9D11A-AN3 has demonstrated high yield potential
under deficit irrigated field conditions in southern New Mexico.
It is highly resistant to anthracnose (caused by Colletotrichum trifolii...
Drosophila suzukii Matsumura (Diptera: Drosophilidae), a recent invasive pest of small and stone fruits, has been detected in more than half of the U.S. states, and in Canada, Mexico, and Europe. Upon discovery, several different trap designs were recommended for monitoring. This study compared the trap designs across seven states/provinces...
The aphid Amphorophora agathonica Hottes (Hemiptera: Aphididae) is an important virus vector in red (Rubus idaeus L.) and black (Rubus occidentalis L.) raspberries in North America. Raspberry resistance to A. agathonica in the form of a single dominant gene named Ag1 has been relied upon to help control aphid-transmitted plant...
Genetic linkage maps have the potential to facilitate the genetic dissection of complex traits and comparative analyses of genome structure, as well as molecular breeding efforts in species of agronomic importance. Until recently, the majority of such maps was based on relatively low-throughput marker technologies, which limited marker density across...
Facultative/winter six-row malting barley is a distinct elite germplasm pool and a valuable resource that may prove useful in meeting the challenges of climate change. To preserve its diversity and make it accessible to the research and agricultural communities, the Oregon State University and University of Minnesota barley breeding programs...
Management of Italian ryegrass in cereal-based cropping systems continues to be a major production constraint in areas of the U.S.A., including the soft white winter wheat producing regions of the Pacific Northwest. Pyroxasulfone is a soil-applied herbicide with the potential to control broadleaf and grass weed species, including grass weed...
Accelerated release of carbon from soils is one
of the most important feedbacks related to anthropogenically
induced climate change. Studies addressing the mechanisms
for soil carbon release through organic matter decomposition
have focused on the effect of changes in the average temperature,
with little attention to changes in temperature variability....
Soil organic matter is a complex mixture of material with heterogeneous biological, physical, and chemical properties. Decomposition models represent this heterogeneity either as a set of discrete pools with different residence times or as a continuum of qualities. It is unclear though, whether these two different approaches yield comparable predictions...
Climate change models predict that future precipitation patterns will entail lower-frequency but larger rainfall events, increasing the duration of dry soil conditions. Resulting shifts in microbial C cycling activity could affect soil C storage. Further, microbial response to rainfall events may be constrained by the physiological or nutrient limitation stress...
Complex systems science provides a transdisciplinary framework to study systems characterized by (1) heterogeneity, (2) hierarchy, (3) self‐organization, (4) openness, (5) adaptation, (6) memory, (7) non‐linearity, and (8) uncertainty. Complex systems thinking has inspired both theory and applied strategies for improving ecosystem resilience and adaptability, but applications in forest ecology...
The temporal development of biological control of arthropod pests in perennial cropping
systems is largely unreported. In this study, the development of biological control of twospotted
spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch, and hop aphid, Phorodon humuli (Schrank), in a new planting
of hop in Oregon is described over a period...
Liriomyza huidobrensis (Blanchard) is a highly destructive invasive leafminer pest
currently causing extensive damage to vegetable and horticultural crops around the world. Liriomyza
langei Frick is a leafminer pest native to California that cannot currently be morphologically distinguished
from L. huidobrensis. We used a DNA-barcoding approach, a published PCR-RFLP method,...
Field studies were conducted in 2010 in Ontario, OR to evaluate the response of direct-seeded dry bulb onion, sugar beet, and pinto bean to imazosulfuron soil residues 12 months after application to control weeds in potato. The studies followed randomized complete block design with three replications each. Imazosulfuron was applied...
Development of herbicide-resistant crops has resulted in significant changes to agronomic practices, one of which is the adoption of effective, simple, low-risk, crop-production systems with less dependency on tillage and lower energy requirements. Overall, the changes have had a positive environmental effect by reducing soil erosion, the fuel use for...
Hop (Humulus lupulus L.) cones are used extensively in beer brewing to enhance flavor and impart bittering. Verifying hops cultivar identity has traditionally been accomplished by morphological characteristics or a chemical analysis of lupulin glands but these traits may vary according to environmental influences. The objective of this research was...
The use of DNA markers in public sector plant breeding is now the norm. Such markers are common across breeding programs and this commonality enables and enhances collaboration. Therefore, large collaborative research projects that measure several phenotypes across multiple environments coupled with the expanding amount of genotype data attainable with...
Hop (Humulus lupulus L. var. lupulus) is grown worldwide for the production of the dried female inflorescence (strobulus), or cones, used principally for the bittering and flavoring of beer. Information is scant on the inheritance of traits of economic importance in hop, and present knowledge is based on historical data...
Hop (Humulus lupulus L.) is cultivated for the female flowers, or “cones,” which traditionally have been used as a bittering and flavoring agent in beer. Hop breeding historically relied on relatively simple selection techniques within established breeding lines. Supplementing current breeding material with new genetic sources would enhance a hop...
Field studies were conducted in 2011 at the Malheur Experiment Station, Ontario, OR and Prosser, WA to evaluate the effect of simulated glyphosate drift on direct-seeded dry bulb onion. Glyphosate was applied at 8.6, 25.8, 86, 290, 434, and 860 g ae ha⁻¹ when onion plants were at the flag-,...
Hop (Humulus lupulus L.) is a perennial, dioecious species in which the female inflorescence (cones) are harvested and used in the beer-brewing process to impart bittering and/or flavoring to beer. Hop breeders have typically utilized clonal selection and hybridization to develop new cultivars. The use of genetically diverse parents for...
Field studies were conducted in 2008 in Ontario, OR and Paterson, WA to determine the effect of simulated glyphosate drift on 'Ranger Russet' potato, including visual injury, shikimic acid accumulation, and tuber yield. Glyphosate was applied at 8.5, 54, 107, 215, and 423 g ae ha(-1); which corresponds to 0.01,...
Field trials were conducted in 2009 and 2010 near Paterson, WA and Ontario, OR to evaluate weed control and potato tolerance to PRE-applied pyroxasulfone, saflufenacil, and KSU12800 herbicides. Pyroxasulfone at 0.09 to 0.15 kg ai ha⁻¹ and saflufenacil at 0.05 to 0.07 kg ai ha⁻¹ applied PRE alone or in...
Pumping water from coal seams decreases the pressure in the seam and in turn releases trapped methane; this is the most common and economic method of methane extraction. The water that is pumped out is known as "coal-bed methane water" (CBMW), which is high in sodium and other salts. In...
'Alba' (Reg. No. [CV-355, PI 672535]) is a winter, six-row barley released by the Oregon Agricultural Experiment Station in 2012. The name “Alba” was chosen due to the bright and attractive appearance of the crop at maturity. In high rainfall environments, it has a notable yield advantage over check varieties...
A broad definition of forestry would include the study of trees and forests and their use by people. Modern, "science-based" forestry began in the nineteenth century when Europeans looked for specialists who could address questions on wood supply and extraction both at home and in their colonies. The threat of...
Nitrogen-fixing lichens (cyanolichens) are an important source of nitrogen (N) in Pacific Northwest forests, but limitation of lichen growth by elements essential for N fixation is poorly understood. To investigate how nutrient limitation may affect cyanolichen growth rates, we fertilized a tripartite cyanobacterial lichen (Lobaria pulmonaria) and a green algal...