Sulfite mutants representing five complementation groups, previously derived from
an ethyl methanesulfonate-treated haploid strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae were studied.
Although the wildtype S. cerevisiae strain used (isogenic to X2180-1 A) had a basal
tolerance for sulfite (7 μM free H₂SO₃), the sensitive and resistant mutants were found to
tolerate less...
A two-part study was conducted with three poorly water soluble
drugs (phenylbutazone, tolbutamide, theophylline) to develop two new
drug delivery systems based on physical-chemical approaches.
In the first part, tolbutamide and phenylbutazone were made into
solid dispersions with various excipients using a lyophilization
technique. In vitro dissolution studies of these...
Rats given morphine-codeine combinations exhibited significantly
increased hotplate reaction times compared with rats given
an analgesic dose of one agent alone. Genera, species, sex, protein
binding and metabolism were studied as possible implicating factors
for the increased reaction times. Both male and female rats exhibited
increased reaction time, and showed...
The purpose of this study was to monitor coronary responses
occurring in the S-T segment of an electrocardiogram before, during
and after exercise following a "standard" carbohydrate-loading schedule with varied vitamin B-6 supplementation. The study was conducted
using four college-aged males who had been training a minimum of two
years...
Reported here is an investigation to determine if azinphos-methyl (AZM), an
organophosphate insecticide, adducts to hemoglobin, and if so, whether the
hemoglobin adduct could be used as a quantitative marker of occupational AZM
exposure. We hypothesized that AZM, or a metabolite of AZM, binds to hemoglobin
in erythrocytes forming an...
Indole-3-carbinol (I3C), the most abundant metabolite of glucobrassicins, is
found in cruciferous vegetables such as broccoli, Brussels sprouts, cabbage and
cauliflower. I3C has been shown to have anticarcinogenic activity against many
chemical carcinogens in multiple target organs in animal models. However, the
anticarcinogenic activity of I3C is considered indirect since...
Representing the most common flavonoid consumed in the American diet, the flavanols and their polymeric condensation products, the proanthocyanidins, are regarded as functional ingredients in various beverages, whole and processed foods, herbal remedies and supplements. Their presence in food affects food quality parameters including astringency, bitterness, sourness, sweetness, salivary viscosity,...
Wheat (Triticum aestivum) is one of the world’s major staple food crops, with flour produced from starchy endosperm being used for breads, cakes, noodles and various other wheat-based foods. The unique bread making properties of wheat are primarily attributed to its gluten-forming storage proteins: gliadins and glutenins. This study investigated...
Data were taken, following irradiation exposure to
100r and 300r cumulative dose, on 89 rabbits of three
breeds that vary greatly in body size. Hematological,
intestinal motility, and ear vascularity examinations
were performed. Least square estimates have been obtained and an analysis of variance has been conducted in
order estimate...
Newborn rats exhibit a torporous response to cold stress at 2°C
from which they revive after several hours exposure even though
respiratory, cardiovascular, and muscular movements have ceased.
At less severe temperatures (20 to 25°C) the rats respond with a non-torporous
decrease in metabolic and physiologic activity and a lowering...
In three separate trials rats were fed either a basal diet deficient
in selenium and vitamin E or the same diet supplemented with
one or both of these factors. In addition to these treatments in two
of the trials, ethoxyquin was included to provide adequate lipid antioxidant
protection and to...
In vitro studies of Mobam (4-benzo(b)thienyl N-methylcarbamate) metabolism have demonstrated that at least three ether soluble metabolites are formed in a microsomal system fortified with reduced triphosphopyridine nucleotide (NADPH). One of the metabolites was identical to 4HBT (4-hydroxy benzothiophene), the phenol of Mobam. The other two metabolites did not possess...
The effects of x-irradiation on quantitative genetic traits was
investigated by comparing the response of irradiated mice to selection
for litter size and 28-day weight with the response to selection
for the same two traits in non-irradiated lines. Irradiated lines
were maintained at three levels of x-irradiation, 25 r, 50...
In vitro studies of Mobam (4-benzo(b)thienyl N-methylcarbamate)
metabolism have demonstrated that at least three ether soluble
metabolites are formed in a microsomal system fortified with reduced
triphosphopyridine nucleotide (NADPH). One of the metabolites was
identical to 4HBT (4-hydroxy benzothiophene), the phenol of Mobam.
The other two metabolites did not possess...
An investigation of Mn uptake by five-day-old excised barley
roots revealed that a metabolically-mediated process was involved.
In short-term experiments, the rate of Mn absorption was comparable
to that of the macronutrient cations. Like other metabolically
absorbed cations, the Mn absorption rate was a direct function of
the ambient concentration...
The effects of x-irradiation on quantitative genetic traits was
investigated by comparing the response of irradiated mice to selection
for litter size and 28-day weight with the response to selection
for the same two traits in non-irradiated lines. Irradiated lines
were maintained at three levels of x-irradiation, 25 r, 50...
Four species of euryhaline teleosts (chinook salmon, Oncorhynchus
tshawytscha, Walbaum; staghorn sculpin, Leptocottus armatus,
Girard; starry flounder, Platichthys stellatus, Pallas; shiner perch
Cymatogaster aggregata, Gibbons) were exposed to x-rays. The irradiated
animals were maintained in either of two different environments.
The effects of x-radiation were determined by observing the
percent...
A combination of genetical and biochemical methods were
utilized in investigating house fly resistance to naphthalene. The
inheritance of resistance was determined by crossing a naphthalene
resistant strain of Musca domestica L. with a susceptible mutant
marker strain. Biochemical comparisons were made on substrains
isolated from the progeny of these...
A series of four trials were conducted to determine the influence
of selenium supplementation of a selenium- and vitamin E-deficient
basal diet on the absorption, excretion, tissue distribution
and placental transfer of a single dose of tritium-labeled α-tocopherol
in the rat.
In the first trial, the effect of supplementation of...
More than 2,000 male newts were collected during the summer
and maintained unfed at 10°C both pre- and post-irradiation.
Exposures ranging up to 30 kR were given with 300 kVp X-rays and
⁶⁰Co gamma rays. Half of the newts were injected (I. P.) with 15 g
DMSO/kg (the maximum sublethal...
The selenium-responsive syndromes and the discovery of
Factor 3-selenium focused attention on selenium in metabolism. Two
hypotheses have been advanced to explain the metabolic effect of
selenium: 1) substitution or sparing of alpha tocopherol, and 2) a
primary role in metabolism. The first hypothesis is supported by
Scott and Desai,...
One hundred and fifty-one weanling rats of both sexes were fed
control diets or diets containing 160 ppm diethylnitrosamine (DEN) or
150 ppm N-2-fluorenyl-acetamide (FAA). The carcinogen level was
calculated so that the LD₅₀ should be achieved at about 17 weeks.
Each carcinogen treatment was incorporated with three different diet...
The purpose of the study was to compare the visual-motor performance
of college students who reported ingestion of certain drugs with
those college students who reported no drug ingestion. The study
drugs included the following drugs or groups of drugs: tobacco,
alcohol, marijuana, LSD, mescaline, barbiturates, and amphetamines.
A total...
The effect of X-irradiation on DNA synthesis in larval salivary
glands of Drosophila hydei was studied using the technique of liquid
scintillation spectrometry and autoradiography. DNA synthesis in
salivary glands of synchronized larvae was measured at successive
stages of third instar development by in vitro uptake of ³H-thymidine
for a...
One means of evaluating the temperature requirements of an
animal is to determine changes temperature causes in the uses and
losses of energy and materials in the food the animal consumes. To
develop energy budgets for cichlids (Cichlasoma bimaculatum) at different
temperatures (20, 24, 28, 32 and 36 C) data...
The uptake, retention, and distribution of ⁶⁰Co, ⁶⁵Zn, ⁸⁵ Sr, and ¹³¹I was examined in the Rough-Skinned Newt (Taricha granulosa). Each of these radionuclides is a possible contaminant of the freshwater environment and, thus, is of importance in radioecology. The newts were maintained singly at 10° C in an unfed...
The pulmonary function scores of 250 male cigarette smokers
were compared with 406 lifetime nonsmokers. A Stead-Wells spirometer
was used to obtain forced vital capacity, forced expiratory
flow, forced mid-expiratory flow, and forced expiratory volume. All
individuals included in the sample were between. the ages of 20 and
49 years....
Bioelectric responses from the isolated eye of the purple shore
crab were measured by the electroretinogram with stimulation by
light from wavelengths of 250 to 800 nm, strontium-yttrium-90 beta
radiation, 17.5 keV x-radiation, and 3-cm microwaves.
Peak sensitivities to light stimulation were found at 350 and 500
nm. These peaks...
This experiment was designed to investigate the in vivo effects of calcium ions on tetracycline absorption when oral doses of tetracycline and calcium-containing medications were administered concurrently. Twenty-one human volunteers were selected and divided into three equal-sized groups: Group A, Group B, and Group C. Each volunteer in Group A...
The effect of concentration, vehicle and surfactant on the
absorption of benzocaine -³H across the rat's rectal mucosa was
investigated. Blood radioactivity levels were determined after the
application of benzociane -³H containing suppositories and ointments.
A wet oxidation method was used for sample digestion. Since the
radioactivity counted is the...
Tissue distribution studies of calcium and lead in brain tissue
of rats were increased subsequent to a single intravenous injection
of lead, 10 mg/kg, in the form of lead acetate. Time-course
studies demonstrated that brain concentrations of calcium and lead
(in terms of wet tissue weight) were found to be...
Injection of a 2.0 mg Cd
²⁺
/kg B.W. (I.P. as CdC1
₂
in
.05 M NaAc, pH = 6.9-7.2, .15 M or p = .15 with NaCl) resulted
in a decrease in ceruloplasmin (EC 1.12.3) p-phenylenediamine
oxidase activity within one hour of injection.
Maximal decrease (40%) occurred within six...
Forced vital capacity lung expiration examinations of nonsmoking
and cigarette-smoking male sample populations were compared to
determine if the 75 to 85 percent segment was a more sensitive test
of early lung dysfunction. The nonsmoking population was composed
of 240 men who were tested for values of forced vital capacity...
Selenium deficiency in rats results in increased carbon metabolism,
approaching twice the rate of selenium supplemented animals
(normal). This is also reflected in a 50 percent increase in lysosomal
enzyme activity in tissues of selenium deficient animals.
Isolation of rat liver lysosomes shows a 17 percent increase in
membrane thickness...
The light-adapted crayfish, Pacifastacus trowbridgii (Stimpson,
1957), displayed a behavioral response to exposure to 300 kV x-rays at
exposure rates of 10 to 30 R/s. Within this range, the proportion
of subjects that responded increased with an increase in exposure
rate. The response latency was inversely proportional to the
exposure...
The metabolism of pyrrolizidine alkaloids and other
drugs was studied with regard to nutritional status and
species differences. Pyrrolizidine alkaloids which are biotransformed
to severely toxic metabolites were isolated
from tansy ragwort (Senecio jacobaea). Semi-purified alkaloid
crystals containing five alkaloids (senecionine, seneciophylline,
jacobine, jacoline, and jacozine) were prepared
and found...
The binding of estrogen to endometrium and uterine arteries of the ewe was investigated by use of a [³H]estradiol exchange assay and by incubating whole tissue aliquants with [³ H]estradiol, a method which permits quantification of bound estrogen translocated from the cytoplasm to the nucleus. Five ewes were necropsied on...
A study was performed to assess the uptake and retention patterns
of cesium-134 in the gray-tailed vole, Microtus canicaudus Miller. To
furnish a realistic source of contaminated food for the voles, wheat
seedlings were raised in hydroponic solutions to provide radiocesium
labeled wheat clippings. The hydroponic system was designed to...
The testes of the gray-tailed vole (Microtus canicaudus Miller) exhibited a high affinity for selenium relative to other selected tissues. Uptake of selenium-75 in the testis-epididymis complex was delayed relative to uptake by the whole body, kidney, and liver. This pattern of uptake suggested that selenium was metabolically incorporated into...
This was a study designed to determine the occurrence of recovery
from radiation damage in Taricha granulosa. Irradiation with either
gamma or x-ray sources in the range of 96-10,000 rads was given. (The
mean or median survival times were determined.) Doses were fractionated
and the survival times for the same...
The ozone present in the atmosphere filters incident solar
ultraviolet (UV) radiation such that only the longer wavelengths of
the total UV spectrum emitted by the sun reach the earth's surface.
Atmospheric increases in nitrogen oxides and chlorofluoromethanes
represent a threat to the existence of this protective screen. As
the...
The primary purpose of this study was to determine the effects
of early morning and evening bouts of aerobic exercise upon the diurnal
pattern of reaction time and body temperature. An effort was
made to classify subjects according to the rhythmic trends identified
with 'morning' and 'evening' type persons.
Eight...