Endophytic fungi (A. coenophialum and A. lolii) which infect grasses produce ergot alkaloids that serve as the grasses' chemical defenses and enhance the vigor of the grass. Turf-type tall fescue with high endophyte levels has been deliberately developed to produce a greener, more vigorous, pest-resistant turf. Consumption of endophyte-infected grass...
The traditional filter paper assay for saccharifying cellulase
originally described by M. Mandels et al (1976) has been modified to
make possible low activity determinations of Trichoderma
cellulases. The enzymatic activity appears to decline during a
prolonged incubation period if no precautions have been taken. By
means of adding bovine...
Rising atmospheric [CO₂], cₐ, is expected to affect stomatal regulation of leaf gas-exchange of woody plants, thus influencing energy fluxes as well as carbon (C), water, and nutrient cycling of forests. Researchers have proposed various strategies for stomatal regulation of leaf gas-exchange that include maintaining a constant leaf internal [CO₂],...
Oomycetes form a deep lineage of eukaryotic organisms that includes a large number of plant pathogens which threaten natural and managed ecosystems. We undertook a survey to query the community for their ranking of plant-pathogenic oomycete species based on scientific and economic importance. In total, we received 263 votes from...
Rinodina pallidescens is described as a new species, endemic to southern Alaska. Rinodina buckii and R. oregana are discussed in terms of their range extensions and possible phytogeographic histories.
This dissertation has two objectives. The first objective is to determine where best to situate the study of mentoring (i.e. the 'making of scientists') on the landscape of the history of science and science studies. This task is accomplished by establishing mentoring studies as a link between the robust body...
This study presents a methods evaluation and intercalibration of active fluorescence-based measurements of the quantum yield (ϕ'ₚₛᵢᵢ) and absorption coefficient (aₚₛᵢᵢ) of photosystem II (PSII) photochemistry. Measurements of ϕ'ₚₛᵢᵢ, aₚₛᵢᵢ, and irradiance (E) can be scaled to derive photosynthetic electron transport rates (Pₑ), the process that fuels phytoplankton carbon fixation...
Various ocean-climate models driven by increased greenhouse gases and higher temperatures predict a decline in oceanic dissolved oxygen (DO) as a result of greater stratification, reduced ventilation below the thermocline, and decreased solubility at higher temperatures. Since spreading of low oxygen waters is underway and predicted to increase, understanding impacts...
Brazil's economic strategy has shifted hesitatingly during the last several decades from one of producer protection to trade competitiveness. Exploiting the variations these shifts have afforded, we use a sequence of decennial agricultural censuses to examine Brazilian policy implications for agricultural competitiveness and efficiency. Total factor productivity is decomposed into...
1. Ecosystem invasibility is determined by combinations of environmental variables, invader attributes, disturbance regimes, competitive abilities of resident species and evolutionary history between residents and disturbance regimes. Understanding the relative importance of each factor is critical to limiting future invasions and restoring ecosystems.
2. We investigated factors potentially controlling Bromus...
In June of 2013, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service proposed removing gray wolves (Canis lupus, Linnaeus) from Endangered Species Act (ESA) protections throughout the conterminous United States. The proposed rule depends on a definition of endangerment that is inconsistent with the legislative history and historical implementation of the ESA,...
Objectives:
To examine the association between kidney function and all-cause mortality in octogenarians.
Design
Retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data.
Setting:
Community.
Participants:
Serum creatinine and cystatin C were measured in 1,053 Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS) All Stars participants.
Measurements:
Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was determined using the Chronic...
Nearshore hypoxia along the coast of Oregon and Washington is a seasonal phenomenon that has generated concern among scientists studying this temperate upwelling ecosystem. These waters are affected by coastal upwelling-induced hypoxia mainly during late summer and fall, but the effects of low oxygen levels on fish and invertebrate communities,...
Pathogens may alter their hosts, which consequently increases transmission efficiency by vectors. We examined the effects of Raspberry leaf mottle virus [RLMV; Closterovirus (Closteroviridae)] and Raspberry latent virus [RpLV; Reovirus (Reoviridae)], alone and in a co-infection in raspberry, Rubus
idaeus L. (Rosaceae) cv. Meeker, on the behavior and performance of...
We investigated 32 net primary productivity (NPP) models by assessing skills to reproduce integrated NPP in the Arctic Ocean. The models were provided with two sources each of surface chlorophyll-a concentration (chlorophyll), photosynthetically available radiation (PAR), sea surface temperature (SST), and mixed-layer depth (MLD). The models were most sensitive to...
The influence of varying horizontal and vertical stratification in the upper layer ( inline image m) associated with riverine waters and seasonal atmospheric fluxes on coastal near-inertial currents is investigated with remotely sensed and in situ observations of surface and subsurface currents and realistic numerical model outputs off the coast...
Intraspecific assisted migration (ISAM) through seed transfer during artificial forest regeneration has been suggested as an adaptation strategy to enhance forest resilience and productivity under future climate. In this study, we assessed the risks and benefits of ISAM in white spruce based on long-term and multilocation, rangewide provenance test data....
Diagnostic carbon cycle models produce estimates of net ecosystem production (NEP, the balance of net primary production
and heterotrophic respiration) by integrating information from (i) satellite-based observations of land surface
vegetation characteristics; (ii) distributed meteorological data; and (iii) eddy covariance flux tower observations of
net ecosystem exchange (NEE) (used in...
This paper asks whether animals can ever break out of anthropocentric value systems in literary narratives and, if so, what critical methods might be enlisted to reveal a literary animal’s independent agency. Examining the representation of a gray wolf in Cormac McCarthy’s novel The Crossing, it concludes that the animal’s...
Spotted wing drosophila, Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura) (Diptera: Drosophilidae), may utilize wild ‘Himalaya’ blackberry (HB) Rubus armeniacus Focke or other non-crop plants as refugia and possibly exploit adjacent field margins before colonizing cultivated fruiting crops. Studies were conducted to determine the role of field margins containing HB and their effect on...
Drosophila suzukii Matsumura (Diptera: Drosophilidae) utilizes ‘Himalaya’ blackberry, Rubus armeniacus
Focke (Rosaceae), as a host and may invade berry and stone fruit crops from field margins
containing this invasive weed. Laboratory and semi-field studies were conducted to determine (1)
the persistence of protein marks including 10% chicken egg whites (egg...
Interest in understanding long-term coastal morphodynamics has recently increased as climate change impacts become perceptible and accelerated. Multiscale, behavior-oriented and process-based models, or hybrids of the two, are typically applied with deterministic approaches which require considerable computational effort. In order to reduce the computational cost of modeling large spatial and...
The field of conservation genetics, when properly implemented, is a constant juggling act integrating molecular genetics, ecology, and demography with applied aspects concerning managing declining species or implementing conservation laws and policies. This young field has grown substantially since the 1980s following the development of polymerase chain reaction and now...
The zooplankton of the northern California Current are typically characterized by an abundance of lipid-rich copepods that support rapid growth and survival of ecologically, commercially, and recreationally valued fish, birds, and mammals. Disruption of this food chain and reduced ecosystem productivity are often associated with climatic variability such as El...
Management of grape powdery mildew (Erysiphe necator) and other polycyclic diseases often relies on calendar-based pesticide application schedules that assume the presence of inoculum. An inexpensive, loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay was designed to quickly detect airborne inoculum of E. necator to determine when to initiate a fungicide application programme....
A new matrix operator framework is developed to analyze results from climate modeling studies that employ numerical water tracers (WTs), which track the movement of water in the aerial hydrological cycle from evaporation to precipitation. Model WT output is related to the fundamental equation of hydrology, and the moisture flux...
Coral reefs are in decline worldwide, and land-derived sources of pollution, including sewage, are a major force driving that deterioration. This review presents evidence that sewage discharge occurs in waters surrounding at least 104 of 112 reef geographies. Studies often refer to sewage as a single stressor. However, we show...
This dissertation presents an analysis of transportable biomass conversion facility design to evaluate the conceptual and economic viability of a mobile and modular biomass conversion supply chain in the Pacific Northwest, USA. The main goal of this work is to develop a decision support system to more effectively and sustainably...
The focus of this thesis is developing materials for thin-film transistors (TFTs). Cu₃SbS₄ is explored as p-channel layer. Cu₃SbS₄ TFTs show p-type, depletion-mode behavior with a small amount of gate-controlled modulation of the channel conductance. This behavior is consistent with Hall measurements indicating a mobility of 17 cm²V⁻¹s⁻¹ and hole...
Phytophthora sojae is an oomycete pathogen of soybean. As a result of its economic importance, P. sojae has become a model for the study of oomycete genetics, physiology and pathology. The lack of efficient techniques for targeted mutagenesis and gene replacement have long hampered genetic studies of pathogenicity in Phytophthora species....
Visitors to waterways need a way to securely lock up their non-motorized watercrafts to allow for exploration of the local area and communities. The Willamette Water Trail Steering committee recognized this problem and approached the Oregon State University Prototype Development lab to develop and fabricate a solution. The engineering design...
The objective of this thesis is to provide an initial demonstration of two-terminal and three-terminal electronic devices employing amorphous multi-component metallic film
(AMMF) electrodes. Such a demonstration is successfully achieved in the fabrication of metal-insulator-metal (MIM) diode and hot electron transistor (HETs) structures employing ZrCuAlNi AMMF electrodes. The ultra-smooth surface...
Hydrated cobalt(II) and nickel(II) trifluoromethanesulfonates have
been prepared by a previously reported procedure, and have been
characterized for the first time as [ Co(H₂O)₆] (CF₃SO₃)₂H₂O and [Ni(H₂O)₆] (CF₃SO₃)₂. These formulations are based on analyses,
near-infrared spectra, and on measurements of the ligand field
electronic spectra and the magnetic susceptibilities. The...
The goal of this paper is to evaluate how synthetic lubricants perform in an enclosed gearbox application when compared with a proven mineral oil. This is in an effort to improve gearbox efficiency with the desired effect of lower emissions from of improved energy output from power generation. Four liquid...
Chainsaws serve as one of the primary tools used by logging corporations, ranches, and farms for forestry management. Lubricating oil remains one of the heaviest operational expenditures for chainsaws. This largely in part due to chainsaw lubrication being a total loss system in which nearly all lubricating oil applied is...
The objective of this dissertation is to develop amorphous metal thin films (AMTFs) for two-terminal electrical device and nanolaminate applications. Two AMTFs, ZrCuAlNi and TiAl, are investigated in both two-terminal electrical device and nanolaminate applications. Material properties including composition, atomic order, surface morphology, surface potential, and electrical resistivity are explored....
This study examines the self-reported behavior and ideals of a
sample of upper level managers, in relation to conflict management
with subordinates.
A survey developed by the author, which measures directive and
participative managerial behavior and ideals, was sent to a randomly
selected sample of 250 female and 250 male...
Verticicladiella wageneri Kendrick is a vascular wilt
pathogen of conifers, causing a black staining of
colonized sapwood of roots and lower stem. In Douglas-fir,
V. wageneri is intimately associated with insects.
Hylastes nigrinus, Pissodes fasciatus, and Steremnuis
carinatus are commonly associated with diseased hosts,
carry inoculum of V. wageneri in...
Due to a lack of grain boundaries, an amorphous metal thin film (AMTF) possesses advantageous mechanical properties and enhanced chemical stability that is potentially useful for thermal inkjet (TIJ) printing applications. The use of an AMTF as a TIJ resistor or cavitation plate could lead to a thinner TIJ cavitation...