Tile drainage increases aeration in the root zone of poorly drained soils by
accelerating water movement from the subsurface. Water movement is the main agent
of chemical transport, either transporting soluble materials directly (e.g., nitrate) or by
transporting the soil particles that bind adsorptive compounds (e.g., pesticides). The
detection frequency...
"Fifty years after the pioneering work of McCulloch and Pitts, the study of neural nets is alive and active. In this paper, I have discussed some of the work that is of current interest to me and my co-workers. I would, perhaps, be remiss if I failed to mention some...
Published June 2000. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
At the time of the eruptions of Lassen Peak in 1914-1915, an
area of vegetation along the east slope of the mountain approximately
1 1/4 miles wide and four miles long was destroyed. Except for a
few surviving trees, all vegetation was destroyed.
A study of the revegetation of this...
Relationships between myosin heavy chain (MHC) isoform content and
eccentric-induced damage were investigated in chemically skinned muscle fiber
segments. Fibers were subjected to an eccentric contraction standardized for strain
magnitude (0.25 fiber length) and velocity (0.50 maximal shortening velocity).
Fiber MHC isoform content was identified by SDS-PAGE. Pre- to post-eccentric...
This retrospective study investigated the incidence, characteristics, and
risk factors of bone fracture among a group of 518 adults with severe mental
retardation between 25 and 75 years old. Data were collected from a large state
developmental center in the Western United States between April 1, 1991 and
March 31,...
Purpose of the Study:
The purpose of this study was to identify and compare the current
written philosophical expressions of industrial arts with the
acceptance of these by select groups of industrial arts teacher educators.
Procedure:
The data for this study were obtained through the use of a
questionnaire derived...
DNA methylation is common in prokaryotes and eukaryotes and has been implicated in various biological roles including gene silencing, X-chromosome inactivation, and genomic imprinting. 5-methylcytosine the "fifth base" of the genetic code comprises 1-3% of the human genome and is primarily found on cytosines within the context of the CpG...
During the past two decades a wide range of intervention programs have emerged in response to escalating concerns over school bullying. The advent of such programs seems justified as 70 percent of school-aged children and youth identify bullying as a problem in their school (Polanin, et al., 2012; Renshaw &...
The cohesion-tension theory of water transport states that hydrogen bonds hold water molecules together and that they are pulled through the xylem under tension. This tension could cause transport failure in at least two ways: collapse of the conduit walls (implosion), or rupture of the water column through air-seeding. The...
Phytophthora ramorum is a plant pathogen that was accidentally introduced to the United States. This invasive microorganism has killed over a million trees in California and Oregon, and continues to spread to new areas. Diseased areas have been nationally quarantined to prevent further spread and more than ninety countries include...
In this thesis, the reduction of neural networks is studied. A new, largely automatic method is developed for reducing a neural network, and its capabilities are analyzed and compared with current methods. An example is presented that is irreducible via existing techniques, but is reducible by the new method. Factors...
The investigation was conducted from January 1965 to March
1966. An intensive effort was made to obtain large numbers of animals,
as it is believed that unavailability of specimens has been the
limiting factor in the amount of research concerning this species.
Two hundred and sixty-nine animals were collected. They...
The Pacific Northwest is blessed with an abundance of precipitation. This rainfall, however, can have important consequences for industries that must process the resulting stormwater for proper discharge. This is particularly true of wood treatment facilities. Past management practices at wood preserving facilities located in the Western United States create...
Muscle weakness and fatigue are debilitating symptoms of multiple sclerosis (MS). Approximately 50% of muscle weakness and fatigue have been attributed to deficits within the peripheral nervous system, specifically mechanisms residing in the muscle. The goals of this study were to identify the cellular mechanisms of contraction within the muscle...
The purpose of this research was to measure the copper-binding behavior of Dissolved Organic Matter (DOM) contained in Pulp and Paper (P&P) wastewater effluent and evaluate the Biotic Ligand Model’s (BLM) ability to quantify copper speciation in P&P influenced waters. A copper ion selective electrode was used to measure copper...
This study investigated the mechanisms involved in the
regulation of stomatal closure in Douglas-fir and evaluated
the potential impact of compensatory adjustments in
response to increasing tree height upon these mechanisms.
In the laboratory, we measured leaf hydraulic conductance
(Kleaf) as leaf water potential (Yl) declined for comparison
with in...
We hypothesized that calpain activity is elevated in response to muscle damage. To test this hypothesis, we examined the degradation of α-fodrin into its 150 and 145 kDa fragments following either 20 eccentric or isometric contractions. In addition, experiments were performed in the presence or absence of E-64-d, a calpain...
The goals of this research were to a) characterize the protein-function relationships of skeletal muscle single fibers from the mouse hindlimb b) examine mouse-strain related differences in myosin heavy chain composition (MHC) and single fiber contractile function, and c) quantify changes in fiber size and contractile function in response to...
Pseudomonas syringae are plant pathogenic bacteria that cause disease by rapidly multiplying within the aboveground tissues of host plants. Growth of P. syringae within plant host tissues requires the disarmament of host immune defenses that limit microbial growth. To combat host defenses, P. syringae deploys a type III secretion system...
Water availability is a controlling factor in stream ecosystems with direct influences on habitat and aquatic ecosystem process, but little work has been done evaluating how biota respond to natural variations in low flow conditions during summer, and which biotic or abiotic features in the system may link most closely...
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of an integrated adapted
physical education setting on the motor performance of preschool children with
developmental delays. Subjects in this study participated in segregated and integrated
adapted physical education classes. During the integrated conditions, same-age peers
without delays participated in...
In spite of the lack of accurate information about the
treatability of western wood species with waterborne wood
preservatives, consumption of these products continues to
increase. Western wood species, notably Douglas-fir, are
notoriously difficult to treat with waterborne systems, yet
there is relatively little data on the effects of wood...
The physical controls of snowmelt in the Pacific Northwest (PNW) are poorly
understood. While there have been numerous field and modeling investigations at the
plot and watershed scale, few studies have identified how the snow energy balance
(EB) components vary in importance both spatially and temporally. The identification
of how...
The purpose of this study was to determine if a 5-month
progressive-resistance exercise program would affect measures
of activities of daily living (ADLs) and functional stability
in elderly women. All subjects were ambulatory women, 80 to
93 years old, who lived in assisted-care facilities. Eight
exercise and 7 control subjects...
This study compared the effect of two sources of instruction and verbal
encouragement on the participation of individuals with mental retardation (MR) in a 10-week physical activity program. Participants were 17 adult employees of a sheltered
workshop (5 females, 12 males) ranging in age from 30 to 65 years. The...
A biological inventory of the butterflies of the H. J. Andrews Experimental Forest [HJA] in Linn/Lane County, Oregon was conducted during 1994 and 1995. It was the first comprehensive survey of HJA butterflies for the site and serves as a baseline for future butterfly research. A detailed ecological account is...
Balance is the ability to establish an equilibrium between the body and its environment. Balance is a key component which is associated with a variety of movements and postural control. Children with cerebral palsy (CP) have difficulties with movement and postural control due to physical and neurological limitations. The purpose...
Chapter 2:
Aquatic macroinvertebrate communities have been shown to exhibit strong differences between erosional (riffle and run) and depositional (pool) macrohabitats of streams. A subset of these communities are aquatic insect taxa that are an important food source for riparian consumers like birds, bats, lizards, and spiders. Understanding the role...
The HENRI system was developed to narrow the pulse width of TREAT from 89 ms to below 60 ms with the goal of improving the test reactor's ability to simulate RIAs in LWRs by rapidly injecting helium-3, a strong neutron poison, into the core. A coupled model using the CFD...
The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of back and seat rest inclination on the
kinematics of manual hand-rim wheelchair propulsion in subjects with spastic type cerebral palsy.
Subjects ranged in age from nine to twenty-one and were classified as USCPAA Class III or IV functional
ability....
Menstrual dysfunction (MD), possibly due to lower energy availability (EA), is prevalent in active women and associated with unfavorable heath consequences. PURPOSE: To determine if EA improvements in endurance-trained women, using a daily Carbohydrate-Protein supplement (CHO-PRO), will restore menstrual function and improve musculoskeletal health. METHODS: Athletes with MD (ExMD; n=8;...
Despite renewed interest in the nature of limitations on maximum tree height, the mechanisms governing ultimate and species-specific height limits are not yet understood, but likely involve water transport dynamics. Tall trees experience increased risk of xylem embolism from air-seeding because tension in their water column increases with height due...
Septoria canker remains the most important disease of poplars in intensively managed forest plantations. Genetic resistance has long been considered the best way to manage for this disease. Transgenic resistance mediated by RNA silencing against pathogens and pests (HIGS: host-induced gene silencing) has shown promise in other pathosystems but has...
This study investigates the relationship between total and ionic copper in samples taken from the Tualatin River and wastewater treatment facilities (WWTFs) that discharge into the Tualatin River. Copper speciation was analyzed by determining conditional stability constants and densities of copper binding ligands on the dissolved organic matter (DOM) in...
Understanding the aggregation behavior of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) in aqueous environments is essential to understanding their fate, transport, and toxicity. Because naturally occurring colloids will likely be present at much higher concentrations than ENMs in environmental systems, heteroaggregation and attachment with these natural colloids could significantly influence ENM fate and...
Heteroaggregation of nanoparticles with naturally occurring colloids has been shown to be an important process in nanoparticle fate and transport in the aquatic environment. The advent of a functional assay to measure heteroaggregation attachment efficiencies has opened the door for further mechanistic studies. It is well known that natural organic...
Diatoms are a ubiquitous group of plankton responsible for 20-40% of oceanic
primary production, and a higher fraction of organic matter export to the ocean
interior. Diatoms actively transport dissolved inorganic silicon into their cells, and
through the process of silicification (i.e. biogenic silica production) they build tough
and intricate...
Full Text:
DISSERTATION OF
Jeffrey W. Krause for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Oceanography presented
on
Symbiosis is the close and protracted interaction between organisms. The molecular interactions that occur during symbiosis are complex with multiple barriers that must be overcome. Many Gram-negative, host-associated bacteria use a type III secretion system to mediate associations with their eukaryotic hosts. This secretion system is a specialized apparatus for...
Copper and zinc are heavy metals commonly present in highway stormwater runoff. Discharge of these metals to surface waters inhabited by sensitive aquatic species including threatened and endangered salmonids has necessitated the need for improved treatment techniques. Although copper is of the greater toxicological concern, zinc is often present at...
I. Lithium alkyl and aryl monosubstituted cyclooctatetraenide
dianions (Li₂ C₈H₇-R; R = methyl, n- butyl, sec- butyl, tert- butyl,
phenyl and benzyl) were synthesized by the reaction of the appropriate
organolithium reagent with cyclooctatetraene in diethyl ether or
tetrahydrofuran. The reaction occurred cleanly and with good yield
of lithium monosubstituted...
Groundwater nitrate contamination is a well-documented issue in the Southern Willamette Valley (SWV) of Oregon, as a Groundwater Management Area (GWMA) has recently been declared. As a GWMA, groundwater nitrate monitoring must occur until regional concentrations are below 7 mg/L NO3-N. However, the presence of temporal variability can make it...