During the operation of phase-change ink-jet printers a bubble formation
phenomenon often occurs. These bubbles are detrimental to the operation of
the printer and substantial efforts are made to remove them. The objective of
this research was 1: to develop a fundamental understanding of how bubble or
void formation occurs...
Changes of density occur naturally in phase transition processes and introduce the bulk movement of material. It is customary in analyzing such problems to disregard this unpleasant complication and assume the densities to be equal. However, such changes are unavoidable and for one-dimensional problems the complexities introduced by this bulk...