The environment has been exposed to a number of hazardous chlorinated
organic compounds. These compounds may be anaerobically biotransformed by
sequential reductive dechlorination reactions in which the chlorine atoms are
replaced with hydrogen atoms. Because reductive dechlorination processes may
occur very slowly in the environment and chlorine position affects the...
One method of estimating the longwave radiative heating of the atmosphere is to combine satellite observations of emitted radiances with those computed from synoptic temperature and humidity profiles. Modeled and observed radiances are brought into agreement by altering cloud properties or even by adjusting the temperature and water vapor profiles....
A nonlinear wave equation is developed, modeling the evolution in time of shallow water waves over a variable topography. As the usual assumptions of a perfect fluid and an irrotational flow are not made, the resulting model equation is dissipative due to the presence of a viscous boundary layer at...
The Earth Radiation Budget Experiment (ERBE) uses Angular Dependence Models
(ADMs) to convert satellite observed radiances to radiative fluxes at the top of the
atmosphere. Owing to errors in scene identification and to the relationship between
the spatial scales of cloud systems and the spatial resolution of the ERBE scanner,...
The Earth Radiation Budget Experiment (ERBE) used angular direction models (ADMs) to convert satellite scanning radiometer measurements to radiative fluxes at the top of the atmosphere. The ADMs were assumed to depend only on the physical characteristics of the scene being observed, and they were taken to be independent of...
Simple threshold scene identification methods are developed to reduce the effects of errors in scene identifications on the anisotropy of reflected and emitted radiances inferred from Earth Radiation Budget Experiment (ERBE) scanner observations. The ERBE maximum likelihood estimate (MLE) scene identification is assumed to be accurate for nadir fields of...
Gender relations as well as the social situation of Manchu women have long been ignored in studies of the cultural evolution of the Manchu. By setting the discussion of Manchu women in the context of cultural adaptation, this study reintroduces gender and women's problems into the research on the Manchu...
A multispectral retrieval method is developed on the 100 km regional scale to extract
the temperature, particle size, fractional cover and 11-μm emissivity of clouds which
may be semitransparent in the infrared based on emitted radiances. The scheme utilizes
the nonlinear relationship between emitted radiances when clouds are semitransparent and...