The exchange of carbon dioxide is a key measure of ecosystem metabolism and a critical intersection
between the terrestrial biosphere and the Earth’s climate. Despite the general agreement that
the terrestrial ecosystems in North America provide a sizeable carbon sink, the size and distribution
of the sink remain uncertain. We...
Five years of eddy-covariance and other measurements at a mature ponderosa pine forest and a nearby young plantation are used to contrast the carbon fluxes for long-term averages, seasonal patterns, diel patterns and interannual variability, and to examine the differing responses to water-stress. The mature forest with larger leaf area...
Predicting the net effects on the carbon and water
balance of semi-arid forests under future conditions depends
on ecosystem processes responding to changes in
soil and atmospheric drought. Here we apply a combination
of field observations and soil–plant–atmosphere modeling
(SPA) to study carbon and water dynamics in a regenerating
ponderosa...
Background. The US commercial fishing industry is hazardous, as measured by mortality data. However, research on non-fatal injuries is limited. Non-fatal injuries constitute the majority of occupational injuries and can result in workers' lowered productivity and wages, lost quality of life, and disability. In the United States, a Work Process...
The range in the projections of future climate warming can be attributed to the inherent uncertainty in the representation of climate model parameters and processes. In this study, we assess the effect of uncertainty in climate sensitivity and ocean heat uptake on the rate of future climate change. We apply...
Metabolic defects within the different tissues and cell types of the eye give rise to many human ocular diseases. Polymorphisms in the Cytochrome P450 (CYP) family have been associated with many ocular disorders, particularly Cytochrome P450 1B1 (CYP1B1). Mutations in CYP1B1 have been linked to ocular diseases such as Primary...
Climate model simulations and paleoclimate proxies are two tools that enable an understanding of the climate history of the Earth. When utilized together, they form a powerful paradigm for understanding past changes. Proxies are the only physical link to the past conditions on Earth, and models “fill in the gaps”...
Methane fluxes into the oceans are largely dependent on the methane phase as it migrates upward through the sediments. Here we document decoupled methane transport by gaseous and aqueous phases in Storfjordrenna (offshore Svalbard) and propose a three-stage evolution model for active seepage in the region where gas hydrates are...
Understanding of hydroclimatic processes in Africa has been hindered by the lack of in situ precipitation measurements. Satellite-based observations, in particular, the TRMM Multisatellite Precipitation Analysis (TMPA) have been pivotal to filling this void. The recently released Integrated Multisatellite Retrievals for GPM (IMERG) project aims to continue the legacy of...
The decline in Barents Sea ice has been implicated in forcing the “warm-Arctic cold-Siberian” (WACS) anomaly pattern via enhanced turbulent heat flux (THF). This study investigates interannual variability in winter [December–February (DJF)] Barents Sea THF and its relationship to Barents Sea ice and the large-scale atmospheric flow. ERA-Interim and observational...