The indiscriminate release of fecal bacteria to the environment
can present a public health hazard when pathogenic species gain access
to drinking and recreational water sources. The extent of bacterial
contamination of surface and ground waters associated with animal
production units and waste application areas seems largely dependent
on the...
The extent of agricultural drainage has created concern for its potential undesirable effects on surface water quality. Land applications of liquid manure on tile drain fields have the potential to transport solutes and bacteria to the drains following precipitation or irrigation events and many times are directly sent to a...
Evaporation ponds that dispose of agricultural drainwater provide attractive habitat for waterbirds but may result in contaminant exposure that impairs reproduction. I estimated post-hatching survival and evaluated productivity estimates for American avocets (Recurvirostra americana) nesting at evaporation ponds in the Tulare Basin, California from 1991 to 1993. Avocets and Black-necked...
Ethanol production from lignocellulosic feedstock has been under intense scrutiny as a transportation fuel due to its potential to address concerns of increasing energy consumption, limited fossil energy resources, climate changes due to greenhouse gas emissions from fossil fuels, and especially use of non-food biomaterials, which address the biggest limitation...
The objective of this study was to determine the effect that
ration formulation has on volatilization of gases and offensiveness of
the odor associated with the wastes produced from Holstein replacement
heifers. Six separate experiments were conducted to study the
relationships between different variables on the release of hydrogen
sulfide,...
Plastic waste in the oceans is now recognized as a serious threat to marine life and a pollution problem with economic consequences for mariners and coastal states. Annex V of MARPOL, effective December 1988, is an international treaty which prohibits signatory nations from disposing of any plastic material into the...
Diclofop-methyl [me yl 2-(4-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy) phenoxy) propanoate] hydrolysis, degradation, and leaching were studied in field and laboratory experiments. Greater than 75% of the applied diclofop-methyl hydrolyzed to diclofop in 2 days at 4°C, the prevailing soil temperature during western Oregon winters. Degradation beyond the diclofop molecule, also an active herbicide, was...
The use of municipal refuse (RDF) as fuels has
received widespread attention for reason of its energy
equivalence and the increasing lack of available landfill
sites. The principal obstacle to the construction of combustion
facilities is that RDF produces toxic compounds,
including heavy metals and such organic compounds as PCDD...
"There is growing interest in odor and gaseous emissions from livestock operations because of concern about global warming and enforcement of the Clean Air Act. This bulletin provides and evaluates best management practices for the control of ammonia lost to the air on dairy farms. Benefits are based on an...
Pollution prevention is promoted by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and other governmental agencies as a method of reducing the generation of wastes and pollutants. Pollution prevention is also called source reduction because it reduces wastes early in the production process. Source reduction has been used by some industries to...