The propagation of downwelling irradiance at wavelength l from surface to a depth (z) in the ocean is governed by the diffuse attenuation coefficient, K𝒹(λ). There are two standard methods for the derivation of K𝒹(λ) in remote sensing, which both are based on empirical relationships involving the blue-to-green ratio of...
Optical variability occurs in the near-surface and upper ocean on very short time and space scales (e.g., milliseconds and millimeters and less) as well as greater scales. This variability is caused by solar, meteorological, and other physical forcing as well as biological and chemical processes that affect optical properties and...
Euphotic zone depth, z[subscript]1%, reflects the depth where photosynthetic available radiation
(PAR) is 1% of its surface value. The value of z[subscript]1% is a measure of water clarity, which is
an important parameter regarding ecosystems. Based on the Case-1 water assumption,
z[subscript]1% can be estimated empirically from the remotely derived...
Raman scattering can be a significant contributor to the emergent radiance spectrum from the surface ocean. Here, we present an analytical approach to directly estimate the Raman contribution to remote sensing reflectance, and evaluate its effects on optical properties estimated from two common semi analytical inversion models. For application of...