On a global scale, illicit economies have dramatic impacts on the physical environment. Cocaine trafficking has been recognized as a major driver of deforestation inside Central American protected areas. A key problem in studying and managing the environmental impacts of illicit economic activity is the difficulty in obtaining reliable data....
Westward transport of water vapor across the Panama Isthmus helps to
maintain the salinity contrast between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, important in
thermohaline circulation and global climate. Relatively low sea-surface salinities and a
strong, shallow pycnocline in the eastern Pacific warm pool (EPWP) region near
Central America reflect high...
Human activities are causing profound changes to the global environment, yet the potential consequences of these changes on rising atmospheric carbon dioxide and climate change are not well understood. Improving our understanding of these processes requires an enhanced awareness of how global ecosystems are changing and how these changes affect...
During the U.S. military interventions in Nicaragua, the Dominican
Republic, and Haiti between 1915 and 1934, Washington equipped
members of the its armed forces with civil and political powers that
represented a radical departure from the North American military tradition.
This abandonment of tradition decisively contributed to both the
disappointments...
The purposes of this study are to observe how change in the culture of the Mayas is reflected in the change or development of the costume and to appreciate the greatness of this culture. The knowledge of the costume of these Mayas as a piece of information is not as...
The importance of language and bilinguality in the
development, perpetuation, and "degeneration" or change of
culture is a central theme throughout this treatise.
Original pictorial representations of Mayan hieroglyphic
sculpture are included as examples, and represent artistic
styles and language variations of written Cholan and
Yucatec. Modern Cholan and Yucatecan...