The inclusion of ecosystem considerations in fisheries management implies two changes with extensive institutional repercussions: the uncertainties about states and outcomes rise dramatically and a multiplicity of new stakeholders, interests and objectives must be accommodated in the management institutions. The first change may potentially add immense costs to the management...
There is an increasing realisation among fisheries managers that fisheries management must include participatory approaches, because fisheries management need to address complex issues including many interests, disciplines and issues. It is also becoming generally accepted that fisheries management cannot be based on simple predictability of nature and fisheries behaviour, but...
Current fisheries management approaches based on centralised government intervention have proven inadequate to deal with the present management and cannot meet its objectives including reverting stock depletion, resolving user group conflicts, increase profitability and prevent social disruption. There is no easy solution to this problem. New institutions enabling fishing communities...